U.S. patent number 3,905,331 [Application Number 05/389,151] was granted by the patent office on 1975-09-16 for means for precluding trailing of toner images in electrophotography of the wet type.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Ricoh Co., Ltd.. Invention is credited to Tsuguo Kimura, Setsuo Soga, Toshio Watanabe.
United States Patent |
3,905,331 |
Kimura , et al. |
September 16, 1975 |
Means for precluding trailing of toner images in electrophotography
of the wet type
Abstract
A means for precluding trailing of toner images during
development in electrophotographic apparatus of the wet type
operating at a developing rate of more than 150 mm./sec., which
means comprises a pair of rollers disposed along the path of travel
of a copy sheet released from the developing liquid tank, one
roller made of metal with its peripheral surface arranged to come
into contact with the image bearing surface of the copy sheet, the
other disposed opposite the metallic roller with its peripheral
surface contacting the back surface of the copy sheet. The
peripheral surface of the latter roller is of a material having a
surface resistance of less than 1 .times. 10.sup.7 ohm-cm., and
both rollers are maintained at the same potential or grounded,
which condition is effective to preclude blurring of a toner image
on the copy sheet.
Inventors: |
Kimura; Tsuguo (Zushi,
JA), Soga; Setsuo (Tokyo, JA), Watanabe;
Toshio (Tokyo, JA) |
Assignee: |
Ricoh Co., Ltd. (Tokyo,
JA)
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Family
ID: |
27311597 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/389,151 |
Filed: |
August 17, 1973 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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194340 |
Nov 1, 1971 |
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Foreign Application Priority Data
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Nov 5, 1970 [JA] |
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45-109928 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
399/241; 118/429;
399/249 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G03G
15/10 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G03G
15/10 (20060101); G03G 013/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;117/37LE,93.4A
;118/637,424,429,DIG.23 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Rimrodt; Louis K.
Assistant Examiner: Millstein; Leo
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Cooper, Dunham, Clark, Griffin
& Moran
Parent Case Text
This is a continuation Ser. No. 194,340 filed Nov. 1, 1971, now
abandoned.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. In an electrophotographic apparatus of the wet type with a
developing device having:
a. a developing tank containing developing liquid through which an
exposed photosensitive sheet is passed;
b. a metallic roller disposed at the exit of the developing tank
for contacting the image bearing surface of the passing
photosensitive sheet; and
c. a squeegee roller disposed opposite the metallic roller for
cooperatively contacting the passing photosensitive sheet at its
back surface;
wherein the improvement comprises:
d. means for rotating said rollers at a developing rate of greater
than 150 mm./sec.;
e. means for producing on the peripheral surface of the squeegee
roller contacting the back of the photosensitive sheet, a surface
resistance of less than 1 .times. 10.sup.7 ohm-cm; and
f. means for maintaining said squeegee roller at the same potential
as said metallic roller to preclude the trailing of toner
images.
2. Apparatus as in claim 1 wherein said squeegee roller is made
entirely of a resilient material.
3. Apparatus as in claim 1 wherein said squeegee roller is made
entirely of a hard material.
4. Apparatus as in claim 1 wherein the surface resistance of the
squeegee roller is in the range from 1 .times. 10.sup.6 ohm-cm to 1
.times. 10.sup.2 ohm-cm.
5. Apparatus as in claim 1 wherein the squeegee roller is a
metallic roller with a peripheral layer of resilient material.
6. Apparatus as in claim 1 further comprising a pair of squeeze
rollers positioned downstream of said metallic and squeegee
rollers.
7. Apparatus as in claim 1, wherein said developing liquid contains
toner particles of a particular polarity and the polarity of the
potential on said rollers is opposite to that on said toner
particles.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a means for precluding trailing of toner
images in electrophotography of the wet type.
In at least one type of developing device known in the art, for use
in electrophotographic apparatus of the wet type, a pair of
so-called "squeeze rollers" is provided along the path of travel of
a photosensitive sheet in a position immediately downstream of the
developing liquid tank so as to positively develop an image on the
photosensitive sheet and squeeze out excess developing liquid from
the sheet.
Such a pair of squeeze rollers generally consists of a hard roller
made of metal or other hard material and disposed so as to come
into contact with the image bearing surface of the photosensitive
sheet, and a resilient roller made of rubber or other resilient
material and disposed opposite the hard roller so that its surface
may come into contact with the back surface of the photosensitive
sheet. As a natural consequence of this arrangement, the metallic
roller is electrically conducting and the resilient roller is
electrically insulating.
The conventional developing device of the type described causes no
trouble when the rate of movement of a copy sheet to undergo
developing, or the developing rate, is about 120 mm./sec. However,
when the developing rate is increased to a level about 150
mm./sec., the toner adhered to the photosensitive sheet is liable
to shift and slide in the direction of movement of the sheet,
thereby trailing and blurring the toner image. Since an increase in
the developing rate is an essential factor in increasing the
efficiency of copying apparatus, the problem of trailing of toner
images must be solved prior to increasing the developing rate.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with the present invention, it has been found that,
if at least one roller made of a material having a surface
resistance of less than 1 .times. 10.sup.7 ohm-cm. is disposed
opposite the metallic roller with the low resistance surface in
contact with the back surface of the sheet while the metallic
roller is in contact with the image bearing surface thereof, and
both rollers are maintained at the same potential or grounded
trailing of the toner image can be completely precluded even when
the developing rate is more than 150 mm./sec. In fact, this roller
combination in a developing device is effective to completely
preclude trailing of toner images even if the developing rate is
increased more than two-fold as compared with the current
developing rate of conventional apparatus.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a developing device for
electrophotographic apparatus incorporating one embodiment of the
toner image trailing precluding means according to this
invention;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a modification of the toner image
trailing precluding roller used in the means according to this
invention; and
FIG. 3 is a sectional view showing another form of the toner image
trailing precluding means according to this invention.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
FIG. 1 shows a developing device for electrophotographic apparatus
of the wet type incorporating therein the toner image trailing
precluding means, according to this invention, which concurrently
serves as a pair of squeeze rollers. In FIG. 1, a developing liquid
2 for electrophotography is contained in a developing liquid tank 1
in which one set of a number of guide fins having complementary
surfaces are disposed so as to provide a photosensitive sheet
passageway 5 therebetween.
Disposed in a position immediately upstream of the photosensitive
sheet passageway is a pair of photosensitive sheet conveyor rollers
6 which pass therebetween a photosensitive sheet (not shown) that
has been exposed to an optical image of an original to be
duplicated after being electrically charged. The rollers 6
introduce the sheet between the two guide fins 3 and 4 and while
the photosensitive sheet moves between the guide fins 3 and 4, it
is immersed in developing liquid. The photosensitive sheet
generally consists of a support layer of paper or other material
and a photoconductive material layer formed on one surface of the
support layer by applying zinc oxide or other photoconductive
material with a suitable resin serving as a binder. Developing
liquid 2 is generally an electrically insulating liquid mixed with
a so-called toner which is prepared by treating a pigment like a
carbon black in minute powder form with resin.
The photosensitive sheet moving along passageway 5 has an
electrostatic latent image formed on its photoconductive material
layer which is gradually developed and rendered visible by the
developing liquid 2. When it is released from developing liquid
tank 1, the photosensitive sheet is held between a metallic roller
7 and a toner image trailing precluding roller 8 pressing against
each other. Metallic roller 7 is disposed such that its peripheral
surface is brought into contact with the image bearing surface of
the photosensitive sheet, and toner image trailing precluding
roller 8 is disposed opposite metallic roller 7 with its peripheral
surface in contact with the back surface of the photosensitive
sheet and both rollers are driven in synchronism by drive means
9.
Roller 8 differs from conventional insulating squeeze rollers in
that it is made of a material having a surface resistance of less
than 1 .times. 10.sup.7 ohm-cm. Rollers 7 and 8 are grounded as
shown in the figure. A bias voltage of suitable polarity and the
same potential may be impressed on both rollers, however, in
accordance with the polarity of the toner, in place of grounding
them. The material used for precluding roller 8 may be natural
rubber, synthetic rubber or snythetic resin suitably blended with
powder metal or powder carbon black. In order that roller 8 may
serve concurrently as a squeeze roller, the material may have
considerable resilience.
By using roller 8 constructed as aforementioned, it is possible to
completely preclude trailing of the toner image on the
photosensitive sheet while the toner image is positively fixed and
excess liquid is squeezed out of the photosensitive sheet. The
results of experiments show that, when the surface resistance of
roller 8 is below 1 .times. 10.sup.7 ohm-cm., trailing of the toner
image can be effectively prevented even if the developing rate is
as high as 340 mm./sec. It has been found that very good results
can be achieved in precluding trailing of toner images when the
surface resistance is in the particular range from 1 .times.
10.sup.6 to 1 .times. 10.sup.2 ohm-cm.
A modification in accordance with the present invention is shown in
FIG. 2. Roller 8 may be replaced by a roller 23 which comprises a
small roller 21 made of metal, rubber or the like and an outer
peripheral marginal portion 22 made of the same material as roller
8 and fitted over small roller 21 as shown in FIG. 2. In case no
resilience is required of roller 23, a hard material may be used to
produce the outer peripheral marginal portion 22 of roller 23.
A further modification is shown in FIG. 3, wherein a metallic
roller 33 and a toner image trailing precluding roller 34 arranged
one above the other are provided along a photosensitive sheet
passageway 32 in close proximity to a developing liquid 31, and a
pair of conventional sqeeze rollers 35 is disposed on the
downstream side of rollers 33 and 34. Metallic roller 33 is
disposed such that its outer peripheral surface is brought into
contact with the image bearing surface of the photosensitive sheet,
and roller 34 is disposed opposite roller 33 with its outer
peripheral surface in contact with the back surface of the
photosensitive sheet. Roller 34 comprises a metallic roller 36 and
a small thickness layer 37 made of a hard material having a surface
resistance of less than 1 .times. 10.sup.7 ohm-cm. and fitted over
the outer periphery of roller 36. Rollers 33 and 34 are spaced
apart from each other a small distance and both grounded. Also, a
bias voltage of suitable polarity and the same potential may be
impressed on both rollers in accordance with the polarity of the
toner in place of grounding them.
By arranging rollers 33 and 34 as shown, the object of this
invention can be accomplished satisfactorily. Similar results can
be obtained by arranging rollers 8 or 21 in place of roller 34 as
shown in FIG. 3, or 21 or 34 in place of roller 8 as shown in FIG.
1.
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