U.S. patent number 3,901,631 [Application Number 05/452,502] was granted by the patent office on 1975-08-26 for pneumatic motor and housing assembly.
This patent grant is currently assigned to The Black and Decker Manufacturing Company. Invention is credited to Robert Anthony Meloni, Jack Ralph Veara, John Lupton Wickham.
United States Patent |
3,901,631 |
Wickham , et al. |
August 26, 1975 |
Pneumatic motor and housing assembly
Abstract
A pneumatic motor and housing assembly in which novel means are
provided for aligning the pneumatic motor within the housing, said
aligning means also providing for the flow of air from one end of
the pneumatic motor to the other so that the thrust exerted upon
the opposed ends of the rotor shafts of the pneumatic motor is
equalized. The aligning means are a pin-like element, a groove on
the cylindrical outer periphery of the end plates and tubular liner
of the pneumatic motor, the pin-like element being dropped into the
groove to hold the end plates and tubular liner from relative
rotation with respect to each other, and a tang which cooperates
with a slotted flange on one of the end plates of the motor, the
tang holding said end plate in alignment within the housing, and
the pin-like element holding the other parts of the pneumatic motor
in alignment with the end plate engaged by the tang. The slot and
the groove are of greater cross-sectional area than the tang and
the pin-like element so that air may flow between the housing and
the motor from one end to the other to equalize the thrusts on the
opposed ends of the rotor shafts.
Inventors: |
Wickham; John Lupton (Glen Arm,
MD), Meloni; Robert Anthony (Baltimore, MD), Veara; Jack
Ralph (Sykesville, MD) |
Assignee: |
The Black and Decker Manufacturing
Company (Towson, MD)
|
Family
ID: |
23796711 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/452,502 |
Filed: |
March 19, 1974 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
418/70; D8/68;
418/270; 418/82 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F01C
21/10 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F01C
21/10 (20060101); F01C 21/00 (20060101); F01C
021/00 (); F04C 015/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;418/70,82,181,270,268
;415/503 ;173/168,169 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Vrablik; John J.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Murphy; Edward D. Kovensky; William
Bloom; Leonard
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A pneumatic motor subassembly adapted for installation in the
housing of a portable pneumatic power tool, said subassembly
comprising a generally cylindrical rotor member having a plurality
of vanes disposed for radial movement therein; a pair of shaft ends
extending axially from the ends of said rotor; a tubular liner
surrounding said rotor; a pair of front and rear end plates
disposed at opposite ends of said liner and said rotor; a pair of
anti-friction bearings mounted in the surfaces of said end plates
remote from said rotor; means retaining said bearings on said shaft
ends of said rotor to hold said end plates, said liner and said
rotor in assembled relationship as a separate preassembled motor
subassembly; and means retaining said liner and said end plates in
predetermined aligned relative positions prior to and during
installation of said motor within a power tool housing, said
alignment means comprising corresponding grooves entirely contained
in the outer peripheries of said liner and of said front and rear
end plates, and a retaining pin disposed within all of said grooves
and also entirely contained in the outer peripheries of said liner
and of said front and rear end plates.
2. The pneumatic motor subassembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein
said anti-friction bearings each comprises an outer race mounted in
said corresponding end plate, an inner race disposed on said shaft
and a plurality of anti-friction rollers disposed between said
races; and wherein said means retaining said end plates on said
shaft ends comprises a press-fit between one shaft end and one
inner race of said pair of bearings; said retaining means further
comprising a groove in said other shaft end and a split washer
disposed in said groove to retain said inner race of said other
bearing.
3. A pneumatic motor and housing assembly comprising:
a pneumatic motor including a cylindrical front and rear end plate,
a tubular liner disposed between said end plates, a rotor having a
plurality of vanes mounted within the tubular liner, and an
interconnecting structure which extends between the front and rear
end plates and the tubular liner to hold the front and rear end
plates and the tubular liner from relative rotation with respect to
each other;
a housing having a generally cylindrical recess closed at one end
in which said pneumatic motor is mounted, the rear end plate being
disposed adjacent said closed end of the cylindrical recess and the
front end plate being disposed in part in the recess adjacent the
open end of the cylindrical recess, a portion of the front end
plate extending outwardly of the cylindrical recess in the
housing;
aligning means functionally separate of said interconnecting
structure and on said housing adjacent the open end of the
cylindrical recess which engages said portion of the front end
plate to hold said front end plate in a position of rotational
alignment within the cylindrical recess; and
said portion of the front end plate which extends outwardly of the
cylindrical recess comprising a radially outwardly extending
flange, said flange being provided with slot means, and wherein
said aligning means engages said slot means in said flange.
4. The pneumatic motor housing assembly set forth in claim 3, in
which said cylindrical recess is disposed within a barrel shaped
portion of the housing, and said aligning means being a tang which
extends beyond one end of the barrel-shaped portion adjacent the
open end of the cylindrical recess.
5. The pneumatic motor and housing assembly set forth in claim 3,
in which each of the front and rear end plates and tubular liner is
provided with an outer peripheral groove, and in which said
interconnecting structure is a pin-like element lying within all of
said grooves.
6. In combination, a housing, a pneumatic motor adapted for
mounting in said housing and comprising a tubular liner and front
and rear end plates positioned, respectively, at the front and rear
ends of said tubular liner, a rotor mounted in said liner, said
rotor comprising front and rear shafts extending frontwardly and
rearwardly outwardly therefrom, bearing means in said front and
rear end plates, respectively, receiving said front and rear
shafts, recess means extending across said liner and at least
portions of said front and rear end plates, said recess means
including a first portion adapted to receive means to interconnect
said end plates and said liner, and said recess means including a
second portion adapted to permit air flow independently of said
interconnecting means and between said front and rear end plate
bearing means, whereby the pneumatic forces on said rotor shafts
may be equalized to facilitate the rotation of said rotor within
said motor when mounted in said housing.
7. The combination of claim 6, said interconnecting means
comprising a pin member received in said first portion of said
recess, and said second portion of said recess comprising a through
recess extending from end to end of said liner and said end plates
and located radially outwardly of and overlying said first portion
of said recess.
8. The combination of claim 6, and alignment means cooperable with
at least one of said end plates to hold said liner, said rotor,
said end plates, and said interconnecting means in aligned
relationship within said housing, said alignment means being
adapted to not interfere with said air flow between said end
plates.
9. The combination of claim 8, said liner and said front and rear
end plates being of substantially cylindrical external
configuration and of substantially the same diameter, the front end
of said front end plate being formed with an enlarged flange
extending radially outwardly of said common diameter, said first
portion of said recess means extending across said liner and at
least part way into said front and rear end plates, said second
portion of said recess means extending from end to end of said
liner and said end plates and across said front end plate flange,
and said alignment means comprising a tang portion on said housing
positioned radially outwardly of the common diameter of said end
plates and said liner and adapted to be received in said second
portion of said recess in said flange portion and above said
interconnecting means.
10. The combination of claim 6, and holding means cooperable with
said shafts and with said interconnecting means to hold said liner,
said rotor, and said front and rear end plates into an integral
subassembly independently of said housing.
11. The combination of claim 10, said holding means comprising a
press fit between one of said rotor shafts and the corresponding
end plate bearing means, and said holding means further comprising
retaining washer means cooperable with the other of said rotor
shafts and the corresponding other of said end plates and its
bearing means.
12. A pneumatic motor and housing assembly comprising:
a pneumatic motor including a tubular liner, apertured front and
rear end plates disposed to either end of said tubular liner, each
of said end plates and liner having a generally cylindrical
periphery of the same diameter, a rotor having a plurality of vanes
mounted within the tubular liner and opposed shafts rotatably
journalled within the apertured end plates, longitudinally
extending recess means in each of said end plates and tubular liner
and interconnecting structure engagable with said longitudinally
extending recess means in each of said end plates and tubular liner
to hold the front and rear end plates and tubular liner from
relative rotation with respect to each other;
a housing having a cylindrical recess in which said pneumatic motor
is mounted, the cylindrical periphery of the end plates and liner
being substantially the same diameter as the cylindrical recess in
the housing whereby the flow of air between the cylindrical
surfaces from the outer end of one of the opposed rotor shafts to
the outer end of the other of the opposed rotor shafts is
substantially impeded; and
aligning means on the housing which engages the longitudinally
extending recess means in one of said end plates to hold said one
end plate in a position of rotational alignment within said housing
and to prevent rotation of the end plate within the cylindrical
recess;
said longitudinally extending recess means having a cross-sectional
area greater than each of said interconnecting structure and said
aligning means whereby air may flow from the outer end of one of
the opposed rotor shafts to the outer end of the other of opposed
rotor shafts so that the thrust exerted on the ends of the rotor
shafts is substantially equalized.
13. The pneumatic motor and housing assembly set forth in claim 12
wherein said longitudinally extending recess includes a
longitudinally extending slot formed in the cylindrical outer
periphery of said end plate and tubular liner, and a groove formed
within said slot, said interconnecting structure being a pin-like
element disposed within said groove, and said aligning means being
a tang which engages said slot, there being a gap between the
bottom of said slot and said tang.
14. The pneumatic motor and housing assembly set forth in claim 13,
wherein the groove in the rear end plate is of reduced diameter,
and wherein the pin-like element has a reduced end portion which is
disposed within said groove of reduced diameter.
15. A pneumatic motor and housing assembly comprising:
a pneumatic motor including front and rear end plates, a tubular
liner disposed between said end plates, a rotor having a plurality
of vanes mounted within the tubular liner, each of said end plates
and tubular liner having a generally cylindrical periphery of the
same diameter, the cylindrical periphery of each of the end plates
being provided with a grooved portion which extends longitudinally
from one end of the end plate adjacent said tubular liner towards
the other end of the end plate, the cylindrical periphery of the
tubular liner being provided with a corresponding groove which
extends longitudinally from one end of the tubular liner to the
other end of the tubular liner, and a pin-like element disposed
within all of said grooves to hold the front and rear end plates
and the tubular liner from relative rotation with respect to each
other;
a housing having a generally cylindrical recess in which said
pneumatic motor is mounted, the rear end plate being disposed
adjacent the closed end of the cylindrical recess and the front end
plate being disposed adjacent the open end of the cylindrical
recess;
aligning means on the housing which engages a portion of one of
said end plates to hold said one end plate in a position of
rotational alignment within the cylindrical recess;
said front end plate being disposed in part in the cylindrical
recess, a radially outwardly extending flange on said front end
plate being disposed outside of said cylindrical recess, said
radially outwardly extending flange being provided with slot means,
and said aligning means comprising an outwardly extending tang on
the housing received within said slot means.
16. A pneumatic motor and housing assembly comprising:
a pneumatic motor including front and rear end plates, a tubular
liner disposed between said end plates, a rotor having a plurality
of vanes mounted within the tubular liner, each of said end plates
and tubular liner having a generally cylindrical periphery of the
same diameter, the cylindrical periphery of each of the end plates
being provided with a grooved portion which extends longitudinally
from one end of the end plate adjacent said tubular liner towards
the other end of the end plate, the cylindrical periphery of the
tubular liner being provided with a corresponding groove which
extends longitudinally from one end of the tubular liner to the
other end of the tubular liner, and a pin-like element disposed
within all of said grooves to hold the front and rear end plates
and the tubular liner from relative rotation with respect to each
other;
a housing having a generally cylindrical recess in which said
pneumatic motor is mounted, the rear end plate being disposed
adjacent the closed end of the cylindrical recess and the front end
plate being disposed adjacent the open end of the cylindrical
recess;
aligning means on the housing which engages a portion of one of
said end plates to hold said one end plate in a position of
rotational alignment within the cylindrical recess;
each of said end plates being apertured, said rotor comprising
opposed shafts which extend through said apertures, the cylindrical
periphery of the end plates and the tubular liner being of
substantially the same diameter as the cylindrical recess in the
housing, whereby the flow of air between the cylindrical surfaces
from the outer end of one of the opposed rotor shafts to the outer
end of the other of the opposed rotor shafts is substantially
impeded, and further characterized by the provision of air passage
means extending along the outer periphery of the end plates and
liner adjacent said pin-like element and the aligning means to
provide for the flow of air from the outer end of one shaft end to
the outer end of the other shaft end, whereby the thrust exerted on
the outer ends of each of the rotor shafts is substantially
equalized.
17. The combination of a pneumatic motor and housing assembly
comprising:
a pneumatic motor including a tubular liner, apertured front and
rear end plates disposed to either end of said tubular liner, each
of said end plates and tubular liner having a generally cylindrical
periphery of the same diameter, a rotor having a plurality of vanes
mounted within the tubular liner and opposed shafts rotatably
mounted within said apertured end plates;
a housing having a cylindrical recess in which said pneumatic motor
is mounted, the cylindrical periphery of the end plates and tubular
liner being substantially the same diameter as the cylindrical
recess in the housing, the rear end plate being disposed adjacent
the closed end of the cylindrical recess and the front end plate
being disposed at least in part in the cylindrical recess adjacent
the open end of the cylindrical recess;
wherein the improvement comprises
the cylindrical periphery of each of the end plates being provided
with a groove portion which extends longitudinally from the end of
the end plate adjacent said tubular liner toward the other end of
the end plate, the cylindrical periphery of the tubular liner being
provided with a corresponding groove which extends longitudinally
from one end of the tubular liner to the other end of the tubular
liner, and a pin-like element disposed within all of said grooves
to hold the front and rear end plates and the tubular liner from
relative rotation with respect to each other;
aligning means on the housing adjacent the open end of the
cylindrical recess which engages a portion of the front end plate
to hold said front end plate in a position of rotational alignment
within the cylindrical recess; and
an air passage adjacent the pin-like element and the aligning means
whereby air may flow freely from the outer end of one of the
opposed rotor shafts to the outer end of the other of the opposed
rotor shafts so that the thrust exerted on the end of the rotor
shaft is substantially equalized.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates generally to pneumatic motors of the
type which may be employed in portable power tools such as, for
example, a screw driver, and more particularly, to a novel means
for aligning the pneumatic motor within the housing of the portable
power tool, the aligning means also providing for the flow of air
from opposed ends of the pneumatic motor's rotor shafts so that the
thrust exerted on the ends of the rotor shafts is equalized.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Pneumatic or air motors of the type generally employed in portable
power tools customarily include front and rear end plates, a
tubular liner, and a rotor having vanes disposed within the tubular
liner and opposed shafts which pass through apertures in the end
plates. It is necessary to precisely align the air motor assembly
within the cylindrical recess of the housing which receives the air
motor in order to properly mate the various air passages of the
housing with other air passages of the air motor. It is also
necessary to provide for the flow of air from the end of one of the
rotor shafts to the opposed end of the other shaft so that the
thrust forces exerted upon the opposed ends of the rotor shafts are
substantially equalized. If the thrust forces are not equalized,
the rotor may rub against the inner face of one or the other of the
end plates. Various structures have been employed in the prior art
to provide for the alignment of the air motor within the
cylindrical recess of the housing, however, the prior art
structures have numerous disadvantages. One widely employed system
for aligning the various components of the motor within the housing
is to provide a longitudinally extending bore through the various
components and to insert a pin through the bore, a portion of the
pin projecting beyond one of the end plates and being adapted to
engage a corresponding bore in the housing adjacent the bottom of
the cylindrical recess which receives the air motor. In practice it
is very difficult to accurately form such a bore in the various
components while maintaining proper alignment of the tool which
forms the bore. Additionally, when such an alignment device is
utilized it is frequently difficult to disassemble the parts as the
pin may become stuck within the corresponding bore. If a gear
housing or the like is to be screwed onto the housing about the
cylindrical recess, the gear housing including means which engage
one of the end plates to hold the air motor in the cylindrical
recess, additional problems may occur. Thus, it is possible as the
gear housing is being torqued into its final position for it in
turn to cause the end plate which it contacts to rotate, either
distorting the alignment pin, or, in extreme situations, even
shearing the alignment pin. In addition to the aforesaid
difficulties, it is also necessary to provide an additional air
passage from one end of the motor to the other so that the thrust
forces on the ends of the rotor shaft may be equalized.
Alternative approaches have been proposed in various U.S. Patents.
U.S. Pat. No. 2,159,232 to Shaff issued May 23, 1939 utilizes an
approach somewhat similar to the single bore and pin approach
referred to above, however in this design the tubular liner is not
bored throughout its entire length and two separate pins are
employed. While this overcomes some of the disadvantages of the
prior art approach initially referred to above, it is frequently
difficult to position one of the pins within the housing bore that
receives the pin, and it is also difficult to provide for such a
bore in the bottom of the cylindrical recess. Additionally, one or
both of the pins may become distorted or sheared when a gear
housing, which contacts an end plate, is torqued into its final
position. Another approach is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 3,097,571 to
Kaman issued July 16, 1963. In this proposal three different
alignment means are provided, one of them engaging a rear end
plate, another the intermediate tubular liner, and still another
engaging the front end plate. The utilization of three separate
alignment devices for each of the major components of the pneumatic
motor increases the time required to assemble the motor within the
housing and is also a somewhat costly approach.
OBJECTS AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the present invention to provide a novel
aligning means for a pneumatic or air motor which is adapted to be
disposed within a cylindrical recess of a housing.
More specifically, it is an object of the present invention to
provide a novel pneumatic motor design in which means are provided
on the front end plate to mate with a corresponding portion in the
housing to align the front end plate with the housing, and to
provide additional means which interconnect the front end plate,
tubular liner, and rear end plate of the pneumatic motor to hold
the various components in alignment with each other.
It is also an object of this invention to provide a novel pneumatic
motor design in which means are provided to retain the assembled
motor components in an aligned subassembly for convenient insertion
of the motor subassembly into the housing of a pneumatic tool.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a
longitudinally extending groove in the outer periphery of the end
plates and tubular liner of a pneumatic motor, the groove receives
a pin-like element which holds the various components from rotating
with respect to each other, and means on the housing which engages
one of the end plates to hold the pneumatic motor assembly in its
proper aligned position within the cylindrical recess of the
housing.
These and other objects and advantages of the present invention are
accomplished by providing a longitudinally extending recess in the
outer cylindrical periphery of the front and rear end plates and
tubular liner of a pneumatic motor, the recess including a groove,
by providing a pin-like element adapted to be dropped into said
groove, the pin-like element engaging the sides of the groove to
hold the various components of the pneumatic motor from relative
rotation with respect to each other, by providing an outwardly
extending slotted flange on one of the end plates, and by providing
a tang on the housing which engages the slot of the flange to hold
the end plate, and thus the other components, in their proper
aligned position within the cylindrical recess of the housing. In
addition, the cross-sectional area of the recess which receives the
pin-like element and the cross-sectional area of the slot which
receives the tang are greater than the cross-sectional area of
pin-like element or tang received within them so that air may flow
from one end of the motor to the other between the cylindrical
outer periphery of the pneumatic motor and the cylindrical recess
within the housing which receives the motor whereby air thrust
forces on the ends of the rotor shafts of the pneumatic motor may
be equalized.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a side view of a portable power tool in which the
pneumatic motor and housing assembly of this invention are
incorporated.
FIG. 2 is a sectional view through a portion of the portable power
tool shown in FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of the apparatus shown in
FIGS. 1 and 2.
FIG. 4 is a top view of various of the components of the pneumatic
motor of this invention.
FIG. 5 is a section taken along line 5--5 in FIG. 2.
FIG. 6 is a section taken along line 6--6 in FIG. 4, the alignment
tang on the housing being shown in its assembled relationship in
broken lines.
FIG. 7 is a right end view of the structure shown in FIG. 4.
FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the housing with a portion being
broken away.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
In the following description right-hand and left-hand reference
refers to the relative positions as they are shown in FIGS. 1, 2,
and 3. Similarly, front and rear reference is determined by viewing
the apparatus shown in FIGS. 1, 2, and 3 from the left-hand
side.
Referring now to the drawings, the pneumatic motor and housing
assembly of this invention may be incorporated in a plurality of
tools, and one such tool is shown in FIG. 1, this being an air
powered screw driver. The screw driver, which is indicated
generally at 10, includes a gear housing 12 and a main housing 14,
the main housing having a handle portion 16. A trigger or the like
18 is mounted in the main housing adjacent the handle portion 16
for the purpose of controlling the operation of the screw driver. A
pneumatic or air motor, indicated generally at 20 is mounted within
a cylindrical recess 22 of the main housing 14. The tool is
connected to a source of air under pressure through an air line 24,
and the housing 14 has a high pressure air passageway 26 which
leads from the air line 24 to control valve 28. The trigger 18 is
mounted on the valve stem 29 of the valve, and is normally biased
to the left. By moving the trigger to the right the valve 28 is
opened permitting air to flow to the air motor 20. The housing is
also provided with another high pressure air line or passageway 30
which leads to an arcuate port 32 in the housing. The arcuate port
32 is located at the bottom of the cylindrical recess 22 in the
housing 14, and an exhaust arcuate port 34 is also located in the
bottom of the recess. The exhaust portion 34 is adapted to
discharge exhausted air to the atmosphere through passageway 36. In
addition, the housing is also provided with an exhaust cut-out 38
along one side of the cylindrical recess, see FIG. 2, the exhaust
recess also being able to discharge air to the atmosphere through a
passageway 40.
The air motor 20 includes a tubular liner 42, an apertured right or
rear end plate 44, an apertured left or front end plate 46 and a
rotor, indicated generally at 48 (FIG. 5), the rotor having a
plurality of vanes 50 which are mounted within the tubular liner
42, and right and left-hand opposed shafts 52, 54 which are
rotatably journalled in the apertures of the end plates 44, 46. The
motor 20 is adapted to be disposed within the cylindrical recess,
the right or rear end plate 44 having an end face 45 which abuts
against the bottom of the cylindrical recess when the motor is
properly positioned within the recess 22, and the front end plate
46 having a radially outwardly extending flange 55 which is
disposed adjacent that portion of the housing which surrounds the
open end of the cylindrical recess 22. The liner 42, the right end
plate 44, and that portion of the front end plate disposed within
the cylindrical recess 22 each have a generally cylindrical
periphery of the same diameter, the cylindrical periphery of these
elements being of approximately the same diameter as the inner
periphery of the cylindrical recess 22. The tubular liner 42 is
provided with a cylindrical recess 56 that is disposed in an
off-center manner from its cylindrical periphery. The rotor 48 and
vanes 50 are located concentrically with the outer periphery of the
tubular liner, the vanes 50 cooperating with the surface of the
recess 56. The tubular liner is also provided with a high pressure
bore 58, exhaust bore 60, and exhaust ports 62. As is generally
conventional in the air motor art, the rear or right end plate 44
is provided with an inlet port 63 in communication with the arcuate
inlet port 32 in the housing 14, the inlet port of the rear end
plate also being in communication with the high pressure bore 58.
In turn, the high pressure bore 58 is in communication with the
inner surface of the liner through a pair of opposed cut-out
portions (not shown) as is also conventional. Similarly the low
pressure bore 60 is in communication with the interior of the
tubular liner through a corresponding pair of opposed cut-out
portions to permit the discharge of air through the low pressure
bore 60, a discharge port 64 in the rear end plate 44, the arcuate
exhaust port 34 in the housing 14, and the passageway 36. The
exhaust port 62 in the bottom of the liner also permits additional
air to be exhausted through the exahust cut-out 38 and its
corresponding passageway 40. The inner faces of both of the end
plates are provided with arcuate grooves 65, and internal
passageways 66 interconnect these grooves with the ports 63, 64 in
the rear end plate 44 and cylindrical cavities in the front end
plate. The purpose of the grooves is to provide for the flow of air
between the vanes and the rotor to force the vanes 50 outwardly to
facilitate start-up, and also to provide for the flow of air
between the ends of the rotor and inner faces of the end plates to
create an air-film bearing. When the front end plate 46 is
assembled next to the liner 42, the cavities in the front end plate
should be in line with the bores 58, 60, respectively.
The shafts 52 and 54 of the rotor 48 are journalled in bearings 69
and 95 which are mounted within apertures in the rear and front end
plates 44, 46, respectively. The bearings are preferably positioned
so that their axes of rotation are concentric with the cylindrical
outer periphery of the end plates. The forward or left-hand shaft
54 is splined and engages planet gears 70 of a planetary gear set
carried by the gear housing 12, the gear set including a ring gear
71. The carrier of the planetary gear set in turn drives the output
member of the screw driver 10. The gear housing 12 includes an
internally threaded barrel-shaped portion 72 which is adapted to be
screwed about the barrel-shaped portion 74 of the housing 14, the
cylindrical recess 22 being formed within the barrel-shaped portion
74.
Novel means are provided for aligning the pneumatic or air motor
within the cylindrical recess 22 so that the various passageways,
ports and cavities are properly aligned with each other. To this
end, longitudinally extending recess means are provided in the
cylindrical periphery of the tubular liner 42, the rear end plate
44 and the front end plate 46, the recess means including a slot 80
and a groove 82 formed within the slot 80. When the liner 42 is
disposed between the end plates 44, 46, the slots and grooves may
be disposed in an axially aligned position wherein they lie
parallel to the axis of the circumferential periphery of each of
their associated elements and when the recess means 80, 82 are so
aligned, the various air passageways in the end plate and liner are
properly aligned with each other. Interconnecting structure in the
form of a pin-like element 84 is dropped into the groove 82 and
when the pin-like element is so disposed in the groove the end
plates and intermediate liner will be held from relative rotation
with respect to each other. The dimensioning of the slot 80, and
pin-like element 84 is such that when the pin-like element is in
the groove 82 the entire assembly can be inserted into the
cylindrical recess with the cylindrical wall of the recess
maintaining the pin-like element 84 in the groove 82. As can best
be seen from FIG. 4, the groove 82 terminates between the ends of
the front end plate 46. The groove in the rear end plate 44 is of a
reduced diameter, and the pin-like element 84 has a reduced
diameter end portion 85 which is received in the reduced diameter
groove of the rear end plate.
In order to properly align the rear end plate 44 with the arcuate
ports 32, 34 in the bottom of the cylindrical recess, aligning
means, indicated generally at 86, is provided on the housing. The
aligning means engages the front end plate to hold the front end
plate in its desired position of rotational alignment. When the
front end plate is so held, the rear end plate will also be held in
its desired position of rotational alignment with the ports 32, 34
in the housing 14 since the pin-like element interconnects the
front end plate, the tubular liner, and the rear end plate. With
respect to the aligning means 86, it should be noted that the
barrel-shaped portion 74 of the main housing 14 is provided with an
outwardly extending tang 88. In addition, the front end plate 46 is
provided with a portion which extends outwardly of the cylindrical
recess 22 when the pneumatic motor is disposed within the recess,
this portion being the radially outwardly extending flange portion
55 which is also provided with a slot 80. When the pneumatic motor
is properly assembled within the housing 14 the tang 88 will be
disposed within the slot 80 of the flange 55 to hold the assembled
pneumatic motor in its properly aligned position within the
cylindrical recess 22.
When the tool is assembled the surface 90 of the gear housing will
abut against the forward face 92 of the front end plate 46, holding
the air motor within the cylindrical recess 22 with the rear face
of the rear end plate in abutting relationship with the bottom of
the cylindrical recess 22. As the gear housing 12 is torqued or
screwed into its final assembled relationship on the housing 14,
the frictional contact between the surface 90 and the face 92
imposes rotational forces upon the front end plate 46. However, the
interengagement of the tang 88 and slot 80 in flange 55 prohibits
such rotational movement, and thus the parts are maintained in
their properly aligned positions with respect to each other.
The flow of air from one end of the motor to the other is
substantially impeded as the diameter of the cylindrical periphery
of the motor 20 is substantially the same as the diameter of the
recess 22. However, an additional feature of the present invention
is to provide air passage means which extend from one end of the
pneumatic motor to the other so that the air pressure exerted upon
the ends of rotor shafts will be equalized so that the rotor will
run freely within the liner and between the end plates without
having one end or the other end of the rotor bearing against one of
the inner faces of the end plates. Accordingly, the housing 14 is
provided with a chamber 94 in the bottom of the recess. Similarly,
there is an air chamber 96 adjacent the forward end of the motor
and in communication with the forward end of the front rotor shaft
54. The rear end plate is provided with a channel or groove 98 on
its rear surface which is adapted to interconnect the chamber 94
with the slot 80. In this connection it should be noted that the
cross-sectional area of the slot 80 and groove 82 is greater than
the cross-sectional area of the pin-like element 84 as can best be
appreciated from an inspection of FIG. 5. Additionally, the reduced
diameter portion 85 of the pin-like element 84 does not interfere
with the flow of air from groove 98 to slot 80. Thus, air can flow
from the rear chamber 94 toward or from the front chamber 96 along
the groove 98 and slot 80. The tang 88 is also so dimensioned that
there is a gap between the lower surface 100 of the tang and the
bottom of the slot (see FIG. 6) so that air can move into or out of
the front chamber 96 through the air passageway between the tang
and the bottom of the slot. Thus, the aligning system of this
invention is also utilized to provide a convenient way for air to
move from one end of the pneumatic motor to the other whereby air
pressure on the ends of the rotor shafts is equalized.
During the manufacture of pneumatic tools in accord with this
invention, the bearing 69 receives the shaft by a press-fit within
its inner race. The further elements of the motor subassembly 20
are mounted and fixed in alignment as previously described. After
mounting of the forward bearing 95, a split washer 93 is installed
to retain these components in a completed, aligned subassembly as
illustrated at FIG. 3. This subassembly greatly simplifies the
assembly of the motor into the housing and thus reduces both the
time required for assembly and the potential errors which might
otherwise occur.
While the preferred structure in which the principles of the
present invention have been incorporated is described above, it is
to be understood that the invention is not to be limited to the
particular details, shown and described above, but that, in fact,
widely different means may be employed in the practice of the
broader aspects of the invention.
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