U.S. patent number 3,898,991 [Application Number 05/424,433] was granted by the patent office on 1975-08-12 for electrosurgical apparatus and method of operating same.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Olympus Optical Co., Ltd.. Invention is credited to Yuji Ikuno, Yutaka Kato.
United States Patent |
3,898,991 |
Ikuno , et al. |
August 12, 1975 |
Electrosurgical apparatus and method of operating same
Abstract
An electrical surgical knife device for use with an endoscope
comprises a singular power source means which includes a high
frequency signal generator for generating a high frequency signal,
a low frequency signal generating means for generating a damped low
frequency signal and an amplitude modulator for
amplitude-modulating the high frequency signal by the damped low
frequency signal. A selector means is provided with a switch
coupled between the modulator and the low frequency signal
generator, to cause the modulated damped high frequency signals to
be supplied to the active and fixed electrodes of an electrical
surgical knife when the switch is in the on state and to cause the
unmodulated high frequency signal to be supplied to the electrodes
when the switch is in the off state.
Inventors: |
Ikuno; Yuji (Tokyo,
JA), Kato; Yutaka (Tokyo, JA) |
Assignee: |
Olympus Optical Co., Ltd.
(Tokyo, JA)
|
Family
ID: |
14969100 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/424,433 |
Filed: |
December 13, 1973 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
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Dec 20, 1972 [JA] |
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47-127805 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
606/37 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61B
18/1206 (20130101); A61B 18/12 (20130101); A61B
2018/0066 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61B
18/12 (20060101); A61b 017/36 () |
Field of
Search: |
;128/303.14,303.17,303.13,421-423 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Gaudet; Richard A.
Assistant Examiner: Cohen; Lee S.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Flynn & Frishauf
Claims
What we claim is:
1. An electrosurgical apparatus comprising:
an electrosurgical knife which includes an active electrode and a
fixed electrode;
a first oscillator means for generating a high frequency signal to
control the knife;
a second oscillator means for producing a damped lowfrequency
signal of lower frequency than said high frequency signal, said
second oscillator means comprising a low frequency generator and a
clamping and differentiator circuit means coupled to the output
thereof to clamp the output signal of the low frequency signal
generator at a given value and to differentiate it to produce said
damped low frequency signal;
a modulator coupled to the output of said first and second
oscillator means, the output of said modulator being coupled to
said electrosurgical knife; and
a selector means having a first condition to cause said modulator
to amplitude-modulate said high frequency signal by said damped low
frequency signal and having a second condition to cause said
modulator to couple said high frequency signal, unmodulated, to
said knife.
2. Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said selector means
comprises a switch connected between the modulator and the second
oscillator means.
3. Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said selector means
comprises means coupled to the second oscillator means for
controlling the oscillation condition of the second oscillator
means.
4. Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said selector means is
coupled to the second oscillator means for selectively turning the
second oscillator means on and off.
5. Apparatus according to claim 1 further compirsing a voltage
amplifier whose input terminal is connected to the output terminal
of said modulator, a power amplifier whose input terminal is
connected to the output terminal of said voltage amplifier, a
transformer whose input terminals are coupled to the output
terminals of said power amplifier and respective direct current
component blocking capacitors connected between the output
terminals of said transformer and said electrosurgical knife for
supplying the alternating current component of the output signal
from the transformer to the electrosurgical knife.
6. Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said clamping and
differentiator circuit means clamps the output signal of the low
frequency signal generator so that the output signal therefrom has
only positive values.
7. A power source for providing an alternating current output
signal for operating an electrical surgical knife comprising:
a first oscillator means for generating a high frequency
signal;
a second oscillator means for producing a damped low frequency
signal of lower frequency than said high frequency signal, said
second oscillator means comprising a low frequency generator and a
clamping and differentiator circuit means coupled to the output
thereof to clamp the output signal of the low frequency signal
generator at a given value and to differentiate it to produce said
damped low frequency signal;
a modulator whose input terminals are respectively coupled to the
first and second oscillator means and providing said alternating
current output signal; and
a selector means to selectively supply the damped low frequency
signal to the modulator.
8. A power source according to claim 7 wherein said selector means
comprises a switch connected between the modulator and the second
oscillator means.
9. A power source according to claim 7 wherein said selector means
comprises means coupled to the second oscillator means for
controlling the oscillation condition of the second oscillator
means.
10. A method of operating an electrosurgical knife apparatus
comprising steps of:
generating a high frequency signal;
generating a low frequency signal of lower frequency than said high
frequency signal;
clamping and differentiating said low frequency signal to produce a
damped low frequency clamped signal;
selectively amplitude-modulating said high frequency signal with
said damped low frequency signal to produce a modulated damped
signal; and
coupling one of the modulated damped signal and the high frequency
signal to said electrosurgical apparatus.
11. The method according to claim 10 wherein said step of
selectively amplitude-modulating said high frequency signal
comprises selectively coupling said damped low frequency signal to
said high frequency signal.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to an electrical surgical apparatus, and,
more particularly to an electric power source for operating the
apparatus and a method of operating same.
An electrosurgical apparatus is known wherein an active electrode
which is like an end of a needle or a blade and has a very small
contact area with a patient's body contacts a fixed electrode which
is a plate electrode and has a large contact area with the
patient's body, causing a high frequency signal to flow between the
active electrode and the fixed electrode through the patient's
body. In such a known surgical apparatus, the electric current
which is concentrated around the end of the active electrode whose
contact area is very small causes Joule heat to be generated and
this Joule heat introduces an explosion of a gas in a histology,
thereby enabling an operation or a cutting of a body tissue and a
thermocoagulation of the tissue protein at an operated or cut
surface to close a lymphatic vessel and a fine vessel, thereby
enabling an hemostasis.
In known electrosurgical devices, there is provided a first power
source for supplying a high frequency signal to the electrodes of
the surgical apparatus for performing an operation and cutting
having a high frequency generator, a high frequency output signal
from which is amplified in voltage and power amplifiers to supply
its output to the surgical apparatus. A second power source is
provided for hemostasis, having a high frequency generator which
generates a high frequency signal repeating a damped oscillation
with a certain period.
As the electric power sources for operations and for the hemostasis
are provided separately in the prior art, high frequency generators
and amplifiers are needed for each of the respective power sources
and the electrosurgical apparatus becomes large, needs a large
power supply and is difficult to operate. In addition,
particularly, the prior art high frequency oscillator included in
the second power source for hemostasis is complicated in
construction, thus increasing the cost of manufacture and reducing
the operational reliability thereof. Further, as the prior art
power sources mentioned above are bulky and need a large source of
input power, it is difficult to assemble the above-described power
sources in an endoscope through which the surgical knife device is
introduced into the abdominal cavity.
The object of the present invention is to provide an
electrosurgical apparatus and a method of operating same, wherein a
singular electric power source can be used for both the source for
performing the operation and cutting and the source for hemostasis,
thereby reducing the size and complexity of the power source and
enabling the power source to be assembled in the endoscope which is
to be inserted into a space inside of a patient's body.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
According to the present invention, there is provided an
electrosurgical apparatus comprising active and fixed electrodes
which comprise a surgical knife, a high frequency signal generator,
a low frequency signal supplying means for supplying a damped wave
signal of lower frequency than the high frequency signal, and an
amplitude-modulator for selectively amplitude-modulating the output
signal from the high frequency signal generator with the output
signal from a damped low frequency signal supplying means, the
output of the modulator being coupled to the electrodes. Further
provided is a selector means for selectively causing the high
frequency signal to be amplitude-modulated by the damped low
frequency signal. Power and voltage amplifiers are provided for
amplifying the output signal from the modulator to supply the
output signal to the electrodes. Further, there is provided a
method of operating the surgical apparatus.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of one embodiment of the present
invention;
FIGS. 2A to 2F show the waveforms at respective points in the block
diagram of FIG. 1; and
FIG. 3 is a circuit for a low frequency generator used in another
embodiment of this invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
As shown in FIG. 1, an output signal from a high frequency signal
generator 11 is supplied to a modulator 61 whose output signal is
supplied to an amplifier circuit 2 comprising the series
combination of a voltage amplifier 21 and a power amplifier 22. The
output from the power amplifier 22 is supplied to an
electrosurgical knife 4 having an active electrode 41 and a fixed
electrode 42 through an output circuit 3 comprising an output
transformer 31 and a blocking capacitor 32 for blocking the direct
current component from the output of the transformer 31. An
additional blocking capacitor 33 may be provided. A rectangular
wave whose positive side is larger than its negative side is
generated from the low frequency generator 51 and this rectangular
wave output from the generator 51 is differentiated by a clamping
circuit and differentiator circuit 52, the output of which is
supplied to the modulator 61 through a selector switch 53. A
clamping and differentiator circuit 52 converts the signal of FIG.
2B into the signal of FIG. 2D in a manner well known in the art.
The negative level of the output signal from the low frequency
generator is cut by the clamping circuit 52. The output signal from
the high frequency generator 11 is selectively amplitude-modulated
by the low frequency signal output of the clamping and
differentiator circuit 52 when the selector switch 53 is in the
"on" state. No modulation is effected when the switch 53 is in the
"off" state.
FIG. 2A shows the wave form of the output signal from the high
frequency generator 11, FIG. 2B shows the wave form of the output
signal from the low frequency generator 51 and FIG. 2C shows the
wave form of the output signal from the output circuit 3 which is
supplied to an electrosurgical knife 4, when the selector switch 53
is open, FIG. 2D shows the wave form of the output signal from the
differentiator circuit 52, FIG. 2E shows the wave form of the
output signal from the modulator 61 when the selector switch 53 is
closed. FIG. 2F shows the wave form of that output signal from the
output circuit 3 which is supplied to the surgical knife 4.
The high frequency signal generated in the high frequency signal
generator 11 has a frequency of 5 KHz and the low frequency signal
generated in the low frequency signal generator 51 has a frequency
of 500 Hz.
The operation of the apparatus of this invention shown in FIG. 1 is
as follows.
1. When the selector switch 53 is off, the low frequency signal
from the low frequency signal generator 51 is not supplied to the
modulator 61 and the high frequency signal from the high frequency
signal generator 11 is not amplitude-modulated, is supplied to
voltage amplifier 21 to be amplified in voltage and there is
amplified in power by the power amplifier 22. Any direct current
component in the output signal from the power amplifier 22 is
blocked by capacitors 32 and 33 of the output circuit 3 and the
alternating current component is supplied to the electrosurgical
knife 4. Accordingly, when the active electrode 41 of the knife 4
contacts with a diseased or other desired part of a patient 43, a
high frequency current flows through the body of the patient 43 and
the high frequency current concentrates at the contacting end of
the active electrode 41, thereby enabling the operation to be
performed.
2. When the selector switch 53 is closed, the output signal from
the low frequency oscillator 51 (FIG. 2B) is differentiated at its
positive-going edge by the differentiative circuit 14, to be
converted to a damped repetitive wave (FIG. 2D) which has a
repetition rate or frequency equal to the frequency of the
rectangular wave signal from the low frequency generator 51. The
damped wave (FIG. 2D) is supplied to the modulator 61, in which the
high frequency output signal (FIG. 2A) from the high frequency
oscillator 11 is amplitudemodulated by the damped wave to produce a
damped train of pulses (FIG. 2E) which repeat the damping cycle at
a repetition rate or frequency equal to the frequency of the damped
wave (FIG. 2D). The damped pulse train (FIG. 2E) is amplified in
the voltage amplifier 21 and power amplifier 22 and, after the
direct current component of the output signal from the power
amplifier 22 is blocked by the output circuit 3, the alternative
component of the output signal (FIG. 2F) from the output circuit 3
is supplied to the electrosurgical knife 4. Accordingly, when an
active electrode 41 of the electrosurgical knife contacts a part of
a patient 43 such as a diseased part of the patient 43, a high
frequency amplitude-modulated current comprising a damped pulse
train (FIG. 2F) flows in the body of the patient, enabling the
contacted part to be hardened or coagulated to thereby cause an
hemostasis.
It is clarified from the wave forms shown in FIGS. 2A to 2F that
there are selectively supplied to the electrosurgical knife 4 a
series of high frequency current pulses when the selector switch 53
is in the off state and a series of high frequency damped current
pulses repeating a damping cycle at the oscillating frequency of
the low frequency signal generator 51 when the selector switch 53
is in the on state.
It should be noted that the amplitude modulator 61 may be
controlled by controlling the oscillation condition, e.g. by the
on-off operation of the switch 16 connected to the generator 51 as
shown in FIG. 3 instead of by using the selector switch 53.
As stated above, by selectively amplitude-modulating the output
signal from the high frequency signal generator 11 by the output
signal from the low frequency generator 51 which is clamped and
differentiated to generate a repetitive damped signal, a singular
electric power source device can be used for both the source for
the operation (i.e. cutting) and the source for the hemostasis.
* * * * *