U.S. patent number 3,898,897 [Application Number 05/464,999] was granted by the patent office on 1975-08-12 for adjustable socket wrench.
This patent grant is currently assigned to SKF Industrial Trading and Development B.V.. Invention is credited to Toivo Untamo Jauhiainen.
United States Patent |
3,898,897 |
Jauhiainen |
August 12, 1975 |
Adjustable socket wrench
Abstract
An adjustable socket wrench comprising at least two gripping
jaws having a concave adjusting portion which protrudes through
notches in a tubular head. An adjusting socket encircles the head
and is provided with means, which in cooperation with said concave
surface of the gripping jaws make the jaws pivot on a guiding
device between the jaws when the adjusting socket is advanced
longitudinally relative to the socket wrench.
Inventors: |
Jauhiainen; Toivo Untamo
(Hyvinkaa, SF) |
Assignee: |
SKF Industrial Trading and
Development B.V. (Jutphaas, NL)
|
Family
ID: |
8505453 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/464,999 |
Filed: |
April 26, 1974 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
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Apr 26, 1973 [SF] |
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1329/73 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
81/114;
279/69 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B25B
13/44 (20130101); Y10T 279/17701 (20150115) |
Current International
Class: |
B25B
13/00 (20060101); B25B 13/44 (20060101); B25B
013/32 () |
Field of
Search: |
;81/113-115,128
;279/36,40,69,70,114,116 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Smith; Al Lawrence
Assistant Examiner: Smith; James G.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Waters, Schwartz & Nissen
Claims
What I claim Is;
1. In an adjustable socket wrench having a substantially vertical
head which is substantially circular in cross section, at least two
gripping jaws symmetrically disposed with regard to the vertical
axis of the head, each jaw having a protruding gripping portion,
and an adjusting portion extending into the head and through a
notch provided in said head, and an adjusting socket surroudning
the head and the adjusting portions of the gripping jaws, said
socket being mounted on the head so as to be vertically movable
thereon, an improvement comprising a guiding device mounted on the
vertical axis of the head and pivotably supporting the adjusting
portions of said gripping jaws, said adjusting portions of the jaws
having outer surfaces which are substantially concave, said
adjusting socket including means for contacting said concave
surface of each jaw to adjust the size of the jaws of the socket
wrench by relative vertical movement of said adjusting socket with
respect to said head to cause the gripping jaws to pivot around
said guiding device.
2. An adjustable socket wrench according to claim 1, wherein said
guiding device comprises a ball and a shank supporting said ball
and threaded in said head such that the position of the ball with
regard to the head can be adjusted by threadably adjusting the
shank in the head, said adjusting portions of the gripping jaws
having corresponding recesses which accommodate said ball.
3. An adjustable socket wrench according to claim 1, wherein the
notches in the head extend longitudinally adjacent said adjusting
portions, said adjusting portions extending through said notches so
that the concave surfaces of said adjusting portions abut said
means on the adjusting socket which adjusts the size of the jaws of
the wrench.
4. An adjustable socket wrench according to claim 1, wherein said
means on the adjusting socket contact each said concave surface at
two points respectively located above and below said guiding
device.
5. An adjustable socket wrench according to claim 4, wherein said
means on the adjusting socket for contacting said adjusting portion
of each jaw comprises an encircling bulge on the inner surface of
said adjusting socket and a lower edge of the adjusting socket.
Description
The present invention relates to an adjustable socket wrench
comprising a head substantially circular in cross section, at least
two gripping jaws symmetrical with regard to the vertical axis of
the head, said gripping jaws consisting of a protruding gripping
portion and an adjusting portion extending into the head, and an
adjusting socket encircling the head and the adjusting portions of
the gripping jaws, which socket is displaceable in the direction of
the vertical axis of the head in relation to the head.
Adjustable socket wrenches which are intended to replace a whole
series of fixed socket wrenches are known. A typical adjustable
socket wrench is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 2,850,931, which socket
wrench is furnished with two gripping jaws which by turning of an
adjustable socket can be made to move toward and away from each
other. A reduction in the jaw diameter is achieved by means of
turning the adjustable socket so that the gripping jaws are urged
to move away from a head. By means of guiding pivots placed
transversely of the vertical axis and extending through angularly
disposed notches in the gripping jaws, the gripping jaws are at the
same time urged to move toward each other, whereby the jaw diameter
is diminished. An increase in the diameter is produced by turning
the adjusting socket in the opposite direction, whereby coil
tension springs between the gripping jaws and the head pull the
jaws away from each other owing to a cooperation of said pivots and
notches.
An adjustable socket wrench of this type has serious drawbacks. The
number of gripping jaws is limited to two, since the use of three
gripping jaws would render the construction, which as such is
complicated, much more complicated. The pivot-notch guidance is not
very successful in this connection, since there is a great risk
that the formation of rust after a period of use will hamper and
finally completely stop the movement of the gripping jaws. This is
especially true in regard to the jaw enlargening movement produced
by the coil springs, since the tensile force of the coil springs
decreases after a period of use. It is therefore probable that the
adjustable socket wrench according to U.S. Pat. No. 2,850,931 will
cease to function after a period of use.
An object of the present invention is to eliminate these drawbacks
and to provide an adjustable socket wrench of a simple
construction, in which the movements of the gripping jaws, both
ways, are guided with force without the aid of any springs. This
object is achieved by the adjustable socket wrench according to the
present invention which is mainly characterized in that the socket
wrench is equipped with a guiding device located on the vertical
axis of the head, which device is fastened to the head and which
supports the adjusting portions of the gripping jaws, the surface
of the adjusting portions which is turned outward from the vertical
axis of the head being substantially concave, the adjusting socket
being equipped with a member supporting said concave surface,
whereby the size of the jaw of the socket wrench is adjusted by
moving said supporting member of the socket wrench in the direction
of the vertical axis along the concave surface of the adjusting
portions, whereby the gripping jaws are made to swing around the
guiding device. Since the movements of the gripping jaws are
produced both ways directly by the adjusting socket, there is no
risk of endangering, in due course, the efficiency of the socket
wrench due to springs, the spring power of which has diminished. In
addition, the construction is very simple and sturdy.
An advantageous embodiment of the socket wrench according to the
invention is described in greater detail hereafter with reference
to the attached drawing, wherein
FIG. 1 shows the adjustable socket wrench according to the
invention in a closed position,
FIG. 2 shows the socket wrench in cross section along line II--II
in FIG. 3 in an open position,
FIG. 3 shows the socket wrench from above in an open position,
FIG. 4 shows the retaining ring in side view, partly in cross
section,
FIG. 5 shows the retaining ring from above,
FIG. 6 shows the head in side view,
FIG. 7 shows the head from above,
FIG. 8 shows the head from below,
FIG. 9 shows the inner side of one of the gripping jaws,
FIG. 10 shows the gripping jaw according to FIG. 9 in side
view,
FIG. 11 shows the gripping jaw according to FIG. 9 from above,
and
FIG. 12 shows the gripping jaw according to FIG. 10 from below.
The adjustable socket wrench according to the drawing consists
essentially of a head 1 substantially circular in cross section,
three gripping jaws 2 symmetrically disposed with regard to the
vertical axis of the head and extending into the head, and an
adjusting socket 3 encircling the head, which socket is placed on
the head 1 by means of threads 4. Threadably attached to the head
is a screw 5 located on the vertical axis of the head and
supporting at its other end a guiding device 6, which is
essentially of a ball-shape. Fastened to the upper end of the head
is a cover with a screw 8, and between the adjusting socket 3 and
the cover 7 is arranged a retaining ring 9, which is pressed
against the adjusting socket by a spring 10. The retaining ring 9
has a projection 11 fitting in grooves 12 at the upper edge of the
adjusting socket 3. The inner periphery of the retaining ring 9
also has a projection 13 fitting in a channel 14 in the head 1
(FIG. 6), whereby the retaining ring is prevented from rotating
around the head.
The gripping jaws 2 consist essentially of two portions, a gripping
portion 15 protruding from the head, and an adjusting portion 16
essentially located within the head. The gripping portion is
equipped with a groove 17, in which e.g., a nut can be fitted.
The adjusting portion of each jaw has on its side turned toward the
vertical axis a recess 18 of such shape that the ball-shaped
guiding device 6 is fitted therein. The opposite side of the
adjusting portion is substantially concave. Right in front of the
adjusting portions, the head 1 is furnished with longitudinal
notches 19 (FIG. 6) locking the gripping jaws laterally when
turning the socket wrench and through which the adjusting portions
may partly protrude. As can be seen especially from FIGS. 9 and 10,
the lower gripping portion of the gripping jaws is considerably
wider than the upper adjusting portion, and the adjusting portion
is in general curved.
The inner surface of the adjusting socket 3 has a peripheral bulge
20, the upper edge of which (FIG. 2) supports the concave surface
of the protruding adjusting portion at a point above the guiding
device 6. In addition, the lower edge of the adjusting socket 3
abuts the concave surface of the adjusting portion at a point below
the guiding device 6 (FIG. 2). The gripping jaws 2 thus have three
supporting points, i.e., the two above mentioned points on the
concave surface as well as the supporting surface against the
guiding device 6 located between the two first mentioned points.
The adjusting portion accordingly forms a lever arm.
The adjustable socket wrench according to the invention operates as
follows:
When the socket wrench is opened from the closed position in FIG. 1
to the position in FIG. 2, the retaining ring is lifted upwards
against the action of the coil spring 10 until the projection 11 is
located above the upper edge of the adjusting socket, whereby the
retaining ring no longer prevents the turning motion of the
adjusting socket. Thereafter the adjusting socket 3 is turned until
the projection 11 is located right above a groove 12, at which the
measure of the nut or screw head to be turned is indicated. When
turning the adjusting socket 3, it rises at the same time upwards
(FIG. 2) in the direction of the vertical axis due to the action of
the threads. Hereby the supporting points of the adjusting socket
bearing against the concave surface of the adjusting portion move
upwards, as a result of which the gripping portions of the gripping
jaws move away from each other and the upper ends of the adjusting
portions move toward each other. Thus the gripping jaws perform a
pivoting movement around the guiding device 6 under a guided motion
of the bulge 20 and the lower edge 21 of the adjusting socket. When
the opening between the gripping jaws is of a desired size, the
retaining ring 9 is released and it moves downwardly onto the
adjusting socket so that the projection 11 enters the desired
groove 12, whereby the adjusting socket is locked with respect to
the head. Finally an ordinary lever arm is inserted in an opening
22 in the head, and the nut engaged in the jaws is turned.
When turning the adjusting socket in the opposite direction, the
supporting points of the adjusting socket bearing against the
concave surfaces of the adjusting portions of the jaws move
downwards in FIG. 2, as a result of which the gripping portions of
the jaws move toward each other.
It should be noted that the range of regulation of the socket
wrench can easily be adjusted by raising or lowering the guiding
device 6 (FIG. 2), which in turn is effected by turning the screw
5.
The drawing and description are only intended to illustrate the
concept of the invention, and the socket wrench according to the
invention can be considerably varied within the framework of the
appended claims. The number of gripping jaws can, of course,
deviate from three, since the construction in no way prevents the
use, for example, of two gripping jaws. Likewise, the supporting
member of the adjusting socket (the bulge 20 and the lower edge of
the socket) can be formed in a number of different ways without
departing from the lever arm principle. The guiding surface of the
adjusting portion has been referred to as concave, but it need not
be such in the strictest sense of the word, and in practice, for
example, a saddle-shaped surface according to the drawing is more
fit for this purpose.
* * * * *