U.S. patent number 3,898,828 [Application Number 05/402,602] was granted by the patent office on 1975-08-12 for die assembly and method for interior roll-necking-in a tubular member.
This patent grant is currently assigned to American Can Company. Invention is credited to Eugene Cassai, Andrew Halasz, Edward Herman Hanke.
United States Patent |
3,898,828 |
Cassai , et al. |
August 12, 1975 |
Die assembly and method for interior roll-necking-in a tubular
member
Abstract
A die assembly and method for interior roll-necking-in an end
portion of a tubular member. The die assembly comprises an outer
reducing die and a rotatable spindle assembly
concentrically-mounted therewithin and axially-movable in relation
thereto. The spindle assembly includes a plunger having cam
surfaces thereon and a pilot in turn including a housing having an
axial bore therethrough and a radial slot communicating therewith,
and a free-wheeling roller axially-mounted between the legs of a
substantially U-shaped bracket radially slideably seated within the
slot. The bracket includes bracket cam surfaces cooperative with
plunger cam surfaces for moving the roller radially when the
plunger is moved axially through the housing. The pilot can include
biasing means for biasing the bracket and roller radially inward
toward the plunger, and cushioning means loosely pin-mounted within
cavities in the bracket legs to allow the shoes to slide radially
in the cavities to compensate for variations in wall thickness of
the tubular member. The method comprises providing an outer
reducing die having a chamber whose walls include an
inwardly-angled directing surface and a rim-forming surface,
providing a rotatable, radially-movable roller axially-mounted
interior of the die chamber, axially moving the marginal edge
portion of a tubular member into the chamber mouth, and
simultaneously moving the roller vertically toward the marginal
edge portion and spinning a portion thereof against the die chamber
walls to neck in the tubular member. The method can also include
allowing the roller to move radially inward away from a marginal
edge portion which is thicker than the rest of the wall of the
tubular member.
Inventors: |
Cassai; Eugene (Hackensack,
NJ), Halasz; Andrew (Pompton Plains, NJ), Hanke; Edward
Herman (Barrington, IL) |
Assignee: |
American Can Company
(Greenwich, CT)
|
Family
ID: |
23592585 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/402,602 |
Filed: |
October 1, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
72/117; 413/1;
72/123; 413/69 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B21D
51/2638 (20130101); B21D 41/04 (20130101); B21D
51/2615 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B21D
41/00 (20060101); B21D 41/04 (20060101); B21D
51/26 (20060101); B21D 041/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;72/94,117,122,123,91
;113/12AA |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Larson; Lowell A.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Auber; Robert P. Audet; Paul R.
Ziehmer; George P.
Claims
We claim:
1. A die assembly for interior roll-necking-in an end portion of a
tubular member comprising:
an outer reducing die having a chamber whose walls include an
annular inwardly-angled directing surface and an annular
rim-forming surface adjoining and axially interior of said
directing surface,
a rotatable spindle assembly concentrically mounted within said
outer reducing die, said spindle assembly including
a. an axially-movable elongated plunger having cam surfaces
thereon,
b. a hollow spindle having pilot mounting means thereon,
c. a pilot, said pilot including
i. a cylindrical housing mounted onto said pilot mounting means,
said housing having inner and outer end walls, a circumferential
sidewall, a bore running from said inner end wall axially through
said housing for receiving said plunger, a slot, and a slot
extension formed in said side wall, said slot communicating axially
with said bore and extending radially from said bore through said
slot extension,
ii. a free-wheeling roller mounted within said housing in a manner
that the axis of said roller is parallel to the axis of said
housing, said roller including a frustoconical portion and an
adjoining axially-interior cylindrical portion, the circumferential
profile of said roller substantially corresponding to the profile
of said outer reducing die chamber surfaces,
iii. means for mounting said roller within said housing slot so
that its axis is parallel to that of said housing and so that said
roller is radially movable within said slot,
iv. biasing means for biasing said roller radially inward toward
said plunger,
v. means for moving said roller radially outward to allow the outer
surfaces of said frustoconical and cylindrical roller portion to
protrude through said slot extension in said side wall to allow the
surfaces of said roller portions to engage the interior wall
surfaces of a tubular member placed within the outer reducing die,
and
vi. means for axially retaining said roller mounting means within
said slot;
vii. means for rotating said pilot housing; and means for
independently advancing and retracting said plunger such that when
a marginal edge portion of said tubular member is within said
reducing die chamber, all of said previously recited means
cooperate to move said roller axially outward and cause it to spin
against and neck-in said portion of said tubular member and to move
said roller radially inward away from said necked-in portion so
that said necked-in portion clears said roller when said tubular
member is withdrawn from said die assembly.
2. The die assembly of claim 1 wherein said roller mounting means
includes bracket means including a substantially U-shaped bracket
radially slideably seated within said slot, said bracket having a
backwall and legs extending perpendicularly from said backwall for
mounting said roller between the legs, roller pin holes extending
axially into said bracket legs, and a roller pin for pin-mounting
said roller thereon, said roller being pin mounted on said pin
between said legs.
3. The die assembly of claim 2 wherein said roller mounting means
includes bracket cam surfaces which cooperate with said plunger cam
surfaces to allow said roller to be moved radially outward and
inward as said respective cam surfaces engage and disengage each
other when said plunger is moved axially through said housing.
4. The die assembly of claim 3 wherein said biasing means includes
a helical spring mounted radially between and having its end
portions engaging portions of said housing and said bracket.
5. The die assembly of claim 4 wherein one of said bracket legs has
a cutout therein running substantially the length of and through a
portion of said leg, said cutout being for seating said helical
spring therein.
6. The die assembly of claim 2 wherein said roller mounting means
includes cam surfaces on said plunger, a pair of cavities in said
bracket, each cavity being cut vertically into said bracket
backwall and extending into one of said legs, a pair of shoe pins
for mounting shoes thereon, axial pin holes in said bracket each
pin hole communicating with each of said cavities, and a pair of
shoes, each of said shoes being pin-mounted in one of said
cavities, each of said shoes having a top and bottom, said bottom
having an angled cam surface thereon exposed beyond the plane of
said bracket backwall, each of said plunger and shoe cam surfaces
being cooperative to allow said roller to be moved radially outward
and inward as said respective plunger and shoe cam surfaces engage
and disengage each other when said plunger is moved axially through
said housing.
7. The die assembly of claim 6 wherein said bracket legs include
resilient cushioning means seated in said cavities and held there
by said shoe top walls, and wherein the diameter of said shoe pin
holes are larger than the diameter of said shoe pins so that said
shoes are loosely pin-mounted to said bracket, to allow said shoes
to slide radially in said bracket cavities and thereby compensate
for any variations in wall thickness of said tubular member.
8. The die assembly of claim 7 wherein said roller mounting means
includes bracket cam surfaces which cooperate with said plunger cam
surfaces to allow said roller to be moved radially outward and
inward as said respective cam surfaces engage and disengage each
other when said plunger is moved axially through said housing.
9. The die assembly of claim 8 wherein said biasing means includes
a helical spring mounted in said cutout radially between and having
its end portions engaging portions of said housing and said
bracket.
10. The die assembly of claim 9 wherein said pilot includes a
plurality of said rollers pin-mounted to said roller housing.
11. A method of interior roll-necking-in a tubular member which
comprises:
providing an outer reducing die having a chamber whose walls
include an annular inwardly-angled directing surface, and an
annular rim-forming surface adjoining and axially interior of said
directing surface,
providing a plurality of rotatable rollers pin-mounted to a pilot
axially interior of said die chamber in a manner that the axes of
the rollers are parallel to that of the pilot.
axially aligning the marginal portion of the wall of an open end of
a tubular member with the chamber mouth,
axially moving said marginal edge portion gradually into the die
chamber so that the outer wall surface of the marginal edge portion
engages one of said chamber surfaces, and
simultaneously with said axial moving step, moving said rollers
vertically towards said rim-forming surface in a manner that the
axes of the rollers remain parallel to that of the pilot, and
spinning a portion of said marginal edge portion against said
chamber surfaces so that said rim-forming surface imparts a neck of
reduced diameter to said portion of said marginal edge portion of
said tubular member.
12. The method of claim 11 wherein there is included the step of
compensating for extra thicknesses in said wall of said marginal
edge portion of said tubular member by allowing each of said
rollers to move independently radially inward away from said
marginal edge portion when each of said rollers engages a portion
of said wall marginal edge portion which is thicker than the rest
of the wall of said tubular member.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to the necking-in of tubular members and has
particular reference to an apparatus and method for necking-in
metal can bodies by use of rollers employed interior of the can
bodies.
The art of necking-in tubular members is known and involves
reducing the diameter of or forming a neck in one or both ends of
tubular members such as metal can bodies whose walls often have
side seams of double thickness, and coatings of enamels, inks and
other materials on their respective internal and external
surfaces.
To date, most necking-in of can bodies is effected by either moving
open ends of the bodies between an outer reducing die and an
interior pilot of a die assembly, or by rolling or spinning the
marginal end portions of the bodies inwardly against a mandrel by
use of exterior rollers. Necking-in by either approach has certain
disadvantages.
Necking-in with die assemblies usually is disadvantageous because
it involves pressing can body wall metal between rigid die
surfaces. This often forms folds, puckers, and other irregularities
in the metal which in turn form cracks in the necked-in area during
subsequent flanging and double seaming operations. Die necking-in
also often causes scratches and scores on interior and exterior
surface enamels and coatings. These can result in metal pick-up by,
and consequent deterioration of, container contents. Further, die
necking-in has certain limitations such as not being readily
adaptable for working certain materials, such as aluminums used in
forming drawn and ironed cans wherein compressive forces often
cause the aluminum can walls to buckle or bulge as the cans are
being forced into die assemblies. Also, current die assemblies
involve extensive machinery and exertions of great amounts of
force. With die assemblies, the angle of the shoulder obtainable
between the diameter of the regular can body wall and that of the
formed neck is usually limited to about 28.degree. or
30.degree..
Using exterior rollers to roll neck-in can bodies involves
progressively moving a roller along the exterior surface of the can
body wall. This process inherently initially forms flat areas in
the can body wall which, later on in the process, are usually
finally permanently iron out. Exterior roll-necking-in cannot be
employed to work harder can body materials such as DR-9 steel plate
which has a Rockwell hardness of for example about 80 to 82 on the
30T scale. Exterior roll necking-in of can bodies made of such
materials causes cracks and other imperfections in the can body
walls. Exterior roll necking-in also often causes dimensional
variations for example in the roundness, diameter and height of the
neck, for one reason because rolled wall material tends to spring
back outwardly to its original wall dimensions. Such dimensional
variations can cause subsequent problems in fitting end closures
onto and double seaming them to necked-in can bodies. Further, like
die necking-in operations, exterior roll necking-in requires
extensive machinery.
The apparatus of this invention overcomes the aforementioned and
other disadvantages by providing radially-moveable profiled rollers
interior of a can body. The profile of the rollers corresponds to
that of an outer reducing die and the rollers gradually interior
roll neck-in or spin the metal wall of a can body radially
outwardly against the reducing die surfaces as the marginal end
portion of the can is moved into the reducing die. Interior roll
necking-in does not involve compression of wall metal but rather a
gradual spinning of a progressively greater axial length of wall
metal outwardly against the interior surfaces of the outer die.
Interior roll necking-in prevents folds and cracks, and tends to
reduce scratches in can body wall surfaces. The subject invention
can be used to neck-in tubular members made of any strength metal,
without being limited by dimensional variations. Shoulder angles
can vary from 10.degree. to greater than 60.degree. for can bodies
and approaching even 85.degree. for other types of tubular members.
Also, less machinery and force are needed than with die assemblies
or exterior rollers because can body material is spun and moved
rather than being merely or mostly compressed.
Numerous other objects and advantages of the invention will be
apparent as it is better understood from the following description,
which, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings,
discloses a preferred embodiment thereof.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This invention is in a die assembly and method for interior
roll-necking-in an end portion of a tubular member. The die
assembly comprises an outer reducing die having a chamber whose
walls include an annular inwardly-angled directing surface and an
annular rim-forming surface adjoining and axially interior of the
directing surface, and a rotatable spindle assembly concentrically
mounted within the outer reducing die, the spindle assembly and
reducing die being axially movable in relation to each other. The
spindle assembly includes an axially-movable elongated plunger
having cam surfaces thereon, a hollow spindle having a
pilot-mounting means thereon, and a pilot, the pilot including a
cylindrical housing mounted onto the pilot mounting means, the
housing having inner and outer end walls, a circumferential side
wall, a bore running from the inner end wall axially through the
housing for receiving the plunger, and a slot communicating axially
with the bore and extending radially from the bore through a slot
extension in the side wall, a free-wheeling roller mounted within
the housing so that the axis of the roller is parallel to that of
the housing, the roller including a frustoconical portion and an
adjoining axially-interior cylindrical portion, the circumferential
profile of the roller substantially corresponding to the profile of
the reducing die chamber surfaces, and means for mounting the
roller within the housing slot so that its axis is parallel to that
of the housing and so that the roller is radially movable within
the slot. The roller mounting means can include a substantially
U-shaped bracket radially slideably seated within the slot, and
biasing means for biasing the roller radially inward toward the
plunger. The bracket has a back wall and legs extending
perpendicularly from the back wall for mounting the roller between
the legs, roller pin holes extending axially into the bracket legs,
and a roller pin for pin-mounting the roller thereon, the roller
being pin-mounted between the legs. The roller mounting means can
include bracket cam surfaces which cooperate with the plunger cam
surfaces to allow the roller to be moved radially outward and
inward as the cam surfaces engage and disengage each other and the
plunger is moved axially through the housing. The cam surfaces can
be on the bottoms of a pair of shoes, each of the shoes being
pin-mounted in cavities cut vertically into the bracket back wall
and extending into each one of the legs. The biasing means can
include a helical spring mounted in cutouts in the bracket legs so
that the helical spring runs radially between and has its end
portions engaging portions of the housing and the bracket. The
bracket legs include resilient cushioning means seated in the
cavities and held there by the shoes. The shoe pin holes can be
larger than the diameter of the shoe pins so that the shoes are
loosely pin-mounted to the bracket to allow the shoes to slide
radially in the bracket cavities and compensate for any variations
in wall thickness of the tubular member. The die assembly can
include a plurality of rollers pin-mounted within the roller
housing.
The method of this invention comprises providing an outer reducing
die having a chamber whose walls include an annular inwardly-angled
directing surface, and an annular rim-forming surface adjoining and
axially interior of the directing surface, providing a rotatable
roller axially-mounted on a pilot axially interior of the die
chamber, axially aligning the marginal edge portion of the wall of
an open end of a tubular member with the chamber mouth, axially
moving the marginal edge portion gradually into the die chamber so
that the outer wall surface of the marginal edge portion engages
the chamber surfaces, and simultaneously with the axial moving
step, moving said roller vertically towards the rim-forming surface
and spinning a portion of the marginal edge portion against the
chamber surfaces so that the rim-forming surface imparts a neck of
reduced diameter to the portion of the marginal edge portion of the
tubular member. The method can also include the step of
compensating for extra thicknesses in the wall of the marginal edge
portion of the tubular member by allowing the roller to move
radially inward away from the marginal edge portion when the roller
engages a portion of the wall marginal edge portion which is
thicker than the rest of the wall of the tubular member.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 shows the marginal end portion of a tubular can body aligned
with a reducing die, each being shown in partial cross section.
FIG. 2 is an end view of the die assembly of this invention showing
the outer reducing die and inner pilot with portions broken
away.
FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of the components of the
spindle assembly of this invention.
FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view of a bracket for
pin-mounting a roller therein according to this invention.
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the bracket of FIG. 4, after it has
been assembled and inverted.
FIGS. 6 through 12 are enlarged partial cross sections showing the
workings of the die assembly of this invention during a necking-in
operation. FIG. 6 shows the roller in a collapsed position radially
removed from the reducing die as the lip of a tubular member enters
the reducing die.
FIG. 7 is a partial cross section taken substantially along line
7--7 of FIG. 6.
FIG. 8 shows the roller in its expanded position abuttingly
engaging a marginal edge portion of the tubular member.
FIG. 9 shows the tubular member fully within the reducing die.
FIG. 10 shows the roller compensating for the double thickness of a
can side seam.
FIG. 11 is an enlarged cross section taken substantially along the
line 11--11 of FIG. 10.
FIG. 12 shows the necked-in can body removed from the die
assembly.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Referring to the drawings in detail, FIG. 1 is a cross section
through a die assembly, generally designated 10, and, aligned
therewith, a portion of a tubular can body, generally designated C.
Die assembly 10 is comprised of outer reducing die 12 and, to the
interior thereof, a rotatable spindle assembly generally designated
14. Outer reducing die 12 comprises a chamber 16 having at its
mouth an inwardly-angled orienting surface 18, a guiding surface
20, an inwardly-angled directing surface 22, a rim-forming surface
24, and a stopwall 25.
Spindle assembly 14 is concentrically mounted within reducing die
12 and includes an axially movable elongated plunger 26 having
angled cam surfaces 28 and 30, a hollow spindle 32 having a flange
33, and, a pilot generally designated 34 affixed to spindle flange
33 by bolt 35.
Pilot 34 includes a cylindrical housing 38 and a free-wheeling
roller 40 having an orienting surface 42, a large diameter first
cylindrical portion 44, a frustoconical portion 46 and a smaller
diameter second cylindrical portion 48. Housing 38 includes means
for mounting roller 40 within the housing, which includes roller
pin 50 in turn mounted within a substantially U-shaped bracket 52,
biasing means such helical springs 54, 56 for biasing the bracket
and roller radially towards plunger 26, and means for moving the
roller radially outward, including shoes 58, 60.
Housing 38 has inner end wall 62, outer end wall 64,
circumferential side walls 66, 68, and an axial bore 70 running
through inner end wall 62 and outer end wall 64, and defined by
bore edges 72 for receiving plunger 26. Housing 38 has a plurality
of radial slots generally designated 74 defined by wall 75 and
upper side walls 76 (FIG. 2). Slots 74 run axially through housing
38, and communicate with inner and outer end walls 62, 64 and
axially with bore 70.
Substantially U-shaped bracket 52 has vertically extending legs 78,
80 which receive roller pin 50, and which respectively have
vertical cutouts 82, 84 therein (82 shown). Helical springs 54, 56
are respectively mounted in cutouts 82, 84, helical spring 54 being
mounted between slot upper wall 75 and cutout bottom wall 94.
FIG. 2 is an end view of die assembly 10 with portions of the
assembly broken away. More particularly, FIG. 2 shows reducing die
orienting surface 18 and, axially interior thereto, directing
surface 20 and stop wall 25. FIG. 2 also shows spindle assembly 14
concentrically located within reducing die 12, the broken away
portion of housing face plate 36 exposing housing outer wall 64
having a bolt 35 (cross sectioned) and cavity 70 passing axially
therethrough. Bore 70 is defined by edges 72 and communicates with
slots 74 defined by upper wall 75 and side walls 76. Rollers 40 are
axially mounted by pins 50 through legs 80 of brackets 52 slideably
positioned within radial slots 74. Adjacent to the center of FIG.
2, a portion of shoe 60, axially mounted within bracket wall 80 by
shoe pin 124, abuttingly engages a planar surface of plunger
26.
FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of the components of spindle
assembly 14. More particularly, the left side of FIG. 3 shows
spindle 32 having a bore 32' and flange 33 for mounting thereto
adjacently shown pilot generally designated 34. Seated in pilot
housing bore 70 and slots 74 are brackets 52 whose legs 80 hold
roller pins 50 for mounting rollers 40. To the right of pilot
housing 38 is pilot faceplate 36 having bore 37 therethrough. FIG.
3 also shows plunger 26 having narrow relieved opposing planar
surfaces 27, cam surfaces 28, raised planar surfaces 29 and cam
surfaces 30. Plunger 26 passes through spindle bore 32', housing
cavity 70 and faceplate bore 37. Spindle 32, pilot 34 and faceplate
36 have three radially spaced holes for receiving bolts 35
therethrough for affixing the components together.
FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view of the means for mounting
roller 40 within housing 38 in a manner that positions the axis of
roller 40 parallel to that of the housing and that renders the
roller radially movable within slot 74 and slot extension 74'
through housing circumferential side walls 66 and 68. More
particularly, FIG. 4 shows that U-shaped bracket 52 of FIG. 1 has a
back wall 100 and two substantially vertically extending legs 78
and 80. The legs have holes 102, 104 respectively running axially
therethrough for receiving roller pin 50 and mounting free-wheeling
roller 40 thereon. Legs 78, 80 have cutouts 82, 84 running
substantially length of the legs toward back wall 100, cutout 82
having a bottom wall 94 and cutout 80 having a bottom wall 96.
Cutouts 82, 84 are for seating helical springs 54, 56 therein.
FIG. 4 also shows that bracket 52 has cavities 106 (not shown) and
108 (dashed line) each of which enters through the rear of back
wall 100, extends vertically into respective legs 78, 80. Bracket
52 also has pin holes 110, 112 which extend axially into legs 78,
80 and communicate with cavities 106, 108. Cavities 106, 108
receive resilient cushion pads 114, 116 and shoes 58, 60 the shoes
having shoe pin holes 118, 120 axially therethrough and being
pin-mountable in cavities 106, 108 by pins 122, 124 which can pass
through pin holes 110, 112 (see FIG. 5). Cavities 106, 108 extend
into cutout bottom walls 94, 96, and shoes 58, 60 have cutaway 59,
61 therein so that no portion of the shoes protrudes onto bracket
cutouts 82, 84. The interior surface of bracket back wall 100 is
concavely arcuate to allow for the mounting and rotation of roller
40 or pin 50 between legs 78 and 80.
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of bracket 52 and its components as
assembled, the bracket being shown in an inverted position. More
particularly, FIG. 5 shows that cavities 106, 108 extend vertically
into the rear of bracket back wall 100, that the bottom portions of
shoes 58, 60 have planar surfaces 126, 128 and angled cam surfaces
130, 132, and that shoes 58, 60 are mounted within bracket 52 by
pins 122 (not shown) and 124. Shoes 58, 60 hold cushioning pads
114, 116 in cavities 106, 108.
FIGS. 6-12 show the manner in which straight-walled can body C is
necked in with die assembly 10. The figures show what occurs at
various stages during the necking-in operation but do not
necessarily show that the operation stops at each stage.
Preferably, the operation is continuous. It is to be noted that
according to this invention, the can body, the outer reducing die,
the spindle assembly or any combinations thereof may be moved to
effect the relative movement between die assembly 10 and can body C
that is required to neck-in the can body.
FIGS. 6-12 shown the preferred method of effecting the necking-in
operation, that is, wherein outer reducing die is held steady, and
can body C is moved into die assembly 10 between outer reducing die
12 and spindle assembly 14. It is to be noted taht although FIGS.
6-12 only show an upper portion of die assembly 10 and only one
bracket 52, one roller 40, etc., it is to be understood that any
suitable number brackets and rollers, and that what is disclosed
applies to any of the brackets, rollers, etc., employed in the die
assembly and method of this invention.
FIG. 6 is an enlarged partial cross section of the upper portion of
die assembly 10 of FIG. 1, as the lip and marginal end portion of
substantially straight-walled can body C is brought into close
proximity with the die assembly. More particularly, FIG. 6 shows
that when the lip of the wall of can body C enters chamber 16 of
outer reducing die 12, plunger 26 is in its extended position and
protrudes beyond the vertical plane of housing faceplate 36, and
rollers 40 are therefore collapsed or radially inward and not in
working position for necking-in the marginal edge portion of can
body C. FIG. 6 shows that when plunger 26 is extended, the upper
end of helical springs 54 (not shown) and 56 abut upper wall 75 of
slot 74 and bias brackets 52 radially inward toward plunger 26 at
the center of spindle assembly 14. Because rollers 40 are axially
pin-mounted by pins 50 within holes 102, 104 of bracket legs 78,
80, rollers 40 are also biased radially inward toward the center of
spindle assembly 14. In this position, the exterior wall surface of
large diameter first cylindrical roller portion 44 is substantially
aligned with housing circumferential wall 68 and there is a large
gap between outer reducing die chamber walls 20, 22, 24 and roller
40. It is also to be noted that shoe bottoms 126, 128 respectively
abuttingly engage plunger planar surfaces 27, 29 and shoe cam
surfaces 130, 132 are respectively axially displaced from plunger
cam surfaces 28, 30.
FIG. 7 is a partial cross section taken substantially along line
7--7 of FIG. 6 and shows that when plunger 26 is extended and
rollers 40 are collasped, helical spring 56, between housing slot
upper wall 75 and bracket cutout bottom wall 96, biases bracket 52
radially inward toward plunger 26 leaving a gap between the upper
portion of bracket 52 and slot upper wall 75. Cushioning pad 116 is
not depressed and shoe bottom 128 is in contact with a planar
surface 29 of plunger 26. It is to be noted that shoe pin hole 120
has a larger diameter than shoe pin 124 and that when plunger 26 is
extended, pin 124 is eccentrically located toward the upper portion
of shoe pin hole 120.
As shown in FIG. 8, while plunger 26 is in its forward, extended
position, substantially straight-walled can body C is moved further
within outer reducing die chamber 16 until the marginal edge
portion of can body C is fully alongside the length of reducing die
guiding surface 20, and the edge of the can body wall is adjacent
inwardly angled rim-forming surface 22. Plunger 26 is then
withdrawn fully within housing 38. As plunger 26 is being fully
withdrawn (to the left) within housing 38, longitudinally
stationary bottom 126 of shoe 58 slides along plunger planar
surface 27 and is cammed radially outward (upward in FIG. 8) by
smaller diameter plunger camming surface 28 until shoe bottom 126
engages and rests upon larger diameter plunger planar surface 29.
Likewise, bottom 128 of shoe 60 slides along larger planar surface
29, is cammed upwardly by plunger cam surface 30 and, when plunger
26 is fully withdrawn shoe bottom 128 engages and rests on the
planar nose 31 of plunger 26. When shoes 58 and 60 are thereby
cammed radially outward cushioning pads 114, 116 remain normal,
i.e., not compressed, bracket 52 is moved radially outward against
the bias of springs 54, 56 (not shown), roller pin 50 and roller 40
are thereby moved radially outwardly, in a manner that the axis of
the roller remains parallel to the axis of the housing and the axis
of the pilot, to place roller 40 in an expanded position where it
protrudes through housing slot extension 74', and large diameter
cylindrical portion 44 of roller 40 engages the inner surface of
the marginal edge portion of substantially straight wall of
non-rotated can body C. As plunger 26 is being withdrawn within
housing 38, spindle assembly 14 is being rotated by drive means not
shown so that when cylindrical roller portion 44 contacts marginal
edge portion of can body C, rotational motion is imparted to
free-wheeling roller 40. FIG. 8 shows that shoe pins 122, 124 are
still in their eccentric upper positions relative to shoe pin holes
118, 120.
Once outer reducing die 12, can body C and spindle assembly 14 are
in the relative position shown in FIG. 8, can body C is gradually
moved fully into reducing die 12 (FIG. 9) while spindle assembly 14
rotates to gradually interior roll neck-in a marginal edge portion
of can body C to obtain a necked-in can body C'. While this is
occurring, the relative positions of plunger 26, shoes 58, 60,
cushioning pads 114, 116, bracket 52 and its components, are as
shown in FIG. 8. In FIGS. 8 and 9, there is no gap between bracket
52 and slot upper wall 75.
FIG. 10 shows the relative positions of the components of bracket
52 when roller 40 engages the double metal thickness of a can body
side seam SS. When this occurs, roller pin 50 and roller 40 do not
collapse but are axially displaced radially inward toward plunger
26. This action similarly displaces bracket 52 to put pressure upon
and compress resilient cushioning pads 114, 116 against the tops of
respective shoes 58, 60 which do not move radially because they
abut plunger 26. As bracket 52 is displaced radially inward, it
likewise displaces shoe pins 122, 124 within shoe pin holes 118,
120 so that, as also shown in FIG. 11, pins 122, 124 are
eccentrically positioned toward the bottom portion of shoe pin
holes 118, 120. FIG. 11 also shows that whereas the upper surface
of bracket leg 80 abutted upper slot wall 75 of housing 38 when
roller 40 engaged a can body wall of a single thickness (FIGS. 8
and 9), when roller 40 engages side seam SS of double wall
thickness, roller pin 50, roller 40 and bracket 52 are displaced
radially downward in slot 74 toward plunger 26, there is a gap
between bracket 52 and upper slot wall 75. A comparison of FIG. 8
and FIGS. 10 and 11 shows that the displacement of roller 40 caused
by the side seam is absorbed by cushioning pads 114, 116. It is to
be noted that the displacement action of one roller is independent
of and does not effect the position or operation of any of the
other rollers which might be mounted to pilot 34.
When spindle assembly 14 has rotated a sufficient number of times
to reduce the diameter of straight-walled can body C and form
necked-in tubular can body C', plunger 26 is then returned to its
extended, forward position so that the biases of helical springs
54, 56 put a radially downward pressure on bracket 52 and, as the
plunger is moved, shoes 58, 60 pass downwardly along angled plunger
cam surfaces 28, 30 to where they engage plunger planar surfaces
27, 29. This cooperative movement of shoes 58, 60 and plunger 26
move bracket 52, and pin 50 radially inward towards plunger 26 so
that free-wheeling roller 40 is similarly moved and collapsed,
leaving a large gap between roller 40 and reducing die chamber
surfaces 20, 22, 24. As shown in FIG. 12, when roller 40 is in its
collapsed position, roller 40 does not protrude through slot
extension 74' and necked-in tubular can body C' can be easily
removed without interference or obstructtion from roller 40 or
spindle assembly 14. Because bracket 52 is displaced radially
inward towards plunger 26, the gap between the upper surface of
bracket 52 and upper slot wall 75 is again enlarged to the extent
shown in FIGS. 1, 2, 6 and 7.
From the foregoing description, it can be seen that the method of
interior roll necking-in a tubular member in accordance with this
invention involves providing an outer reducing die having a chamber
which includes an annular inwardly-angled directing surface, and an
annular rim-forming surface adjoining and axially interior of the
directing surface, providing a rotatable roller mounted on a pilot
axially interior of the chamber, axially aligning the marginal edge
portion of the wall of an open end of a tubular member with the
chamber mouth, and axially moving the marginal edge portion
gradually into the die chamber so that the outer surface of the
marginal edge portion engages one of the chamber surfaces, and
simultaneously with the axial moving step, moving the roller
vertically towards the rim-forming surface and spinning a portion
of the marginal edge portion against the chamber surfaces so that
the chamber surfaces impart a neck of reduced diameter to a portion
of the marginal edge portion of the tubular member. The method can
also include the step of allowing the roller to move radially
inward away from the marginal edge portion to compensate for any
extra thickness in the wall of the marginal edge portion of the
tubular member.
Although the preferred method described involves moving a
substantially straight-walled tubular member or can body into die
assembly 10, there is no limitation to the sequence of operations
which can be employed, so that for example, the can body could be
held steady by conventional means while die assembly 10 is moved
into working relationship therewith. Similarly, although it has
been found advantageous to keep spindle assembly 14 rotating
continuously, rotation of the assembly can be effected only after
roller 40 contacts the can body wall. Any conventional means such
as a gear drive can be employed to rotate spindle assembly 14.
The components of die assembly 10 can be constructed of any
suitable materials. For example, outer reducing die 12 can be
constructed of carbide steel and roller 40 of hardened
chrome-plated steel. Any conventional means such as cam means can
be employed for independently advancing and retracting the reducing
die and the spindle assembly so that roller 40 is moved axially
inward and spins against and necks-in a marginal edge portion of
the tubular member, and then is moved radially outward to allow the
necked-in can to be removed from the die assembly.
Although roller 40 is shown having first and second cylindrical
portions 44 and 46, roller 40 need only comprise second cylindrical
portion 48 and frustoconical portion 46 and a small orienting
surface adjacent frustoconical portion 46, because the marginal
edge portion of can body C is substantially straight initially and
the only portions of die assembly 10 which actually reduce the
diameter of the can body wall are inwardly-angled outer die
directing surface 22, roller frustoconical portion 46, and outer
die rim-forming surface 24 and second cylindrical roller portion
48. When an outer die guiding surface 20 is employed, it has been
found advantageous to provide it with a diameter slightly larger
than the outer diameter of tubular can body C so that when the
marginal edge portion of the can body is between guiding surface 20
and, for example, cylindrical roller portion 44, a clearance is
provided which allows variations in thicknesses of can body walls
and facilitates moving of the can body wall marginal edge portion
into the groove a gap between die directing surface 22 and
frustoconical roller portion 46.
Although it has been found advantageous to employ three rollers
mounted within three brackets as shown in FIG. 3, more or less
rollers can be employed though the speed of the rotation of the
spindle must respectively be decreased and the speed of the feed of
the can body into the die assembly varied accordingly. Also,
portions of the means for mounting roller 40 need not be as shown,
for example, the camming surfaces on shoes 58, 60 and on plunger 26
could be reversed so that rollers 40 would be collapsed when
plunger 26 is fully withdrawn into die assembly 10, and fully
expanded when plunger 26 is extended forward but not outside the
plane of faceplate 36 of pilot housing 38.
It is thought the invention and many of its attendant advantages
will be understood from the foregoing description and it will be
apparent that various changes may be made in the form, construction
and arrangement of parts of the die assembly mentioned herein and
in the steps and order of their accomplishment in the method
described herein, without departing from the spirit and scope of
the invention or sacrificing all of its material advantages, the
die assembly and method hereinbefore described being merely a
preferred embodiment thereof.
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