U.S. patent number 3,895,347 [Application Number 05/491,902] was granted by the patent office on 1975-07-15 for system for transmitting information of reduced pneumatic pressure of tire.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Bridgestone Tire Company Limited. Invention is credited to Akira Fujikawa, Yasuaki Hanasaka, Akira Matsuda, George Matsuura, Kenzo Nakanishi, Takashi Takusagawa, Hideo Togawa.
United States Patent |
3,895,347 |
Takusagawa , et al. |
July 15, 1975 |
System for transmitting information of reduced pneumatic pressure
of tire
Abstract
A system for transmitting information of reduced pneumatic
pressure of tires comprising an electromagnetic wave radiation
mechanism of an electric field excitation system and at least one
receiver antenna of an electromagnetic field sensing type for
sensing a polarized wave of an electromagnetic field radiated from
the radiation mechanism. The radiation mechanism includes an
electromagnetic wave radiation member consisting of a substantially
concentric metal body opposedly and substantially provided on each
axle of a plurality of tire wheels for actuating as an electric
dipole together with the wheels and an oscillator electrically
coupled to the radiation member and energized by a switch actuated
in response to reduced pneumatic pressure of tire. The receiver
antenna is provided in the space between the ground surface and the
lower surface of the bottom plate of the car body in order to
screen external noise waves.
Inventors: |
Takusagawa; Takashi (Tokyo,
JA), Fujikawa; Akira (Tokyo, JA), Matsuda;
Akira (Tokyo, JA), Matsuura; George (Tokyo,
JA), Nakanishi; Kenzo (Kyoto, JA), Togawa;
Hideo (Kyoto, JA), Hanasaka; Yasuaki (Kyoto,
JA) |
Assignee: |
Bridgestone Tire Company
Limited (Tokyo, JA)
|
Family
ID: |
26340387 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/491,902 |
Filed: |
July 25, 1974 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
|
|
|
|
|
Sep 10, 1973 [JA] |
|
|
48-101962 |
Jan 10, 1974 [JA] |
|
|
49-6287 |
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
340/447;
200/61.25 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G01L
11/00 (20130101); G01L 17/00 (20130101); B60C
23/0428 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B60C
23/02 (20060101); B60C 23/04 (20060101); G01L
11/00 (20060101); G01L 17/00 (20060101); B60c
023/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;340/58
;200/61.22,61.25 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Waring; Alvin H.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Sughrue, Rothwell, Mion, Zinn &
Macpeak
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A system for transmitting information of reduced pneumatic
pressure of tires, comprising an electromagnetic wave radiation
mechanism of an electric field excitation system having an
electromagnetic wave radiation member consisting of a substantially
concentric metal body opposedly and substantially concentrically
provided on each axle of a plurality of tire wheels for actuating
as an electric dipole together with the wheels and having an
oscillator electrically coupled to said radiation member and
energized in response to reduced pneumatic pressure of tires; and
at least one receiver antenna of an electromagnetic field sensing
type provided in the space between the surface of the ground and
the lower surface of the bottom plate of the car body for sensing a
polarized wave of an electromagnetic field radiated from said
radiation mechanism in order to screen external noise waves.
2. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said electromagnetic
wave radiation body consists of a metal ring having a common axis
to metal wheel for holding the tire, said metal ring is
electrically insulated and opposedly arranged to said metal wheel,
and is used as a radiation antenna for the output of an oscillator
energized in response to reduced pneumatic pressure of the
tire.
3. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said metal ring is
formed into the shape of an open ring with a cutout portion,
whereby the electromagnetic wave having a standing wave generated
in the form of the metal ring is radiated.
4. The system as claimed in claim 2, wherein said metal ring is
embedded in an annular insulating body made of a material selected
from hard plastic materials, hard rubbers or the like, and said
insulating body is fitted to a rim of the wheel.
5. The system as claimed in claim 1, further including a
loop-shaped projected member positioned inwards in the radial
direction from the rim portion of the wheel and substantially
concentrically projected in the direction of the axle of the wheel,
said projected member being integrally formed with the wheel, and
an electromagnetic radiation member consisting of a loop-shaped
metal body being provided in opposition to said projected
member.
6. The system as claimed in claim 4, wherein the oscillator and a
power supply source thereof are embedded in said annular insulating
body.
7. The system as claimed in claim 4, wherein the annular insulating
body is detachably fitted to the rim of the wheel by means of a jig
along the inner surface in the radial direction thereof.
8. The system as claimed in claim 7, wherein the power supply
source embedded in the annular isulating body is small mercury dry
cell.
9. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said receiver antenna
is an antenna of an electric field sensing type for sensing a
horizontally polarized wave of an electric field radiated from said
electromagnetic wave radiation mechanism.
10. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said receiver antenna
is an antenna of a magnetic field sensing type for sensing a
vertically polarized wave of a magnetic field radiated from said
electromagnetic wave radiation mechanism.
11. The system as claimed in claim 10, wherein said antenna of
magnetic field sensing type is consisted of a bar-shaped magnetic
core, a sense winding wound around said magnetic core, and an
electrostatic shielding cylinder provided around said winding, and
the axis of said magnetic core is coinsided with a perpendicular
dropped from the bottom surface of the car body onto the surface of
the ground.
12. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the receiver antenna
is a bar-shaped receiver antenna, and said antenna is substantially
arranged along the axle direction of the car body.
13. The system as claimed in claim 12, wherein the bar-shaped
receiver antenna is substantially arranged along the forward
direction of the car body.
14. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein use is made of two
rod-shaped receiver antennas, and said antennas are so arranged
that its axes are intersected each other.
15. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the substantial
center of at least one receiver antenna is arranged at an
intersection of diagonal lines from four wheels of a four-wheel
vehicle.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a system for transmitting
information of reduced pneumatic pressure of tire by sensing
reduction of pneumatic pressure of a tire and by informing the thus
sensed information to an operator when the pneumatic pressure of
any one of tires of vehicles is reduced by some reason while
running or parking.
Reduction of the pneumatic pressure of a tire to less than a
predetermined value while running, particularly running at high
speed, is very dangerous because it causes a puncture or a lowering
of steerage. Therefore, an operator should sense such reduction
with the use of some means. In order to meet such requirement,
various devices have hitherto been developed. However, this kind of
conventional device has many defects, some of which are
complication of an electromagnetic wave radiation mechanism to the
signal of an oscillator for sensing reduction of pneumatic pressure
of a tire and difficulty for mounting such device to a vehicle.
Other defect is in the construction of an antenna mechanism for
receiving an electromagnetic wave transmitted from such radiation
mechanism. For example, in a system for receiving electromagnetic
waves from oscillators of each wheel, it is difficult to mount the
antenna mechanism on the vehicle, and in an antenna mechanism which
utilizes the conventional antenna for receiving broadcasting or
other antenna provided for the same purpose for the electromagnetic
waves from the oscillators of each wheel, broadcast waves,
communication waves and other noise waves are stronger than the
electromagnetic waves from the oscillators to be used, so that it
becomes difficult to discriminate a desired signal from others, and
thus erroneous information is produced.
For example, a wave radiation mechanism of a conventional
transmitter for sensed information of reduced pneumatic pressure
shown in FIG. 1 consists of a signal oscillator 1, a sensing switch
2 for closing its contacts when the internal pressure of a tire is
lowered to less than a predetermined value, an electric power
supply source 3 for suppplying voltage to the oscillator through
said switch 2 at the closing thereof, and a loop-shaped
electromagnetic radiation member, i.e., a radiation coil 4, for
transmitting the output of said oscillator 1. This oscillator 1 is
provided with a resonance circuit 5 for carrying out oscillation
and for amplifying an oscillated signal and an output coil 6
magnetically coupled thereto, so that voltage induced in the coil 6
is supplied through a conductor wire 7 to said electromagnetic
radiation member 4, so as to flow an AC current therethrough and to
radiate an induced electromagnetic field from the elctromagnetic
radiation member 4.
The loop-shaped electromagnetic radiation member 4 of such wave
radiation mechanism, as shown in FIG. 2, is actually constructed in
such a manner that its diameter is made larger than the outer
diameter D of a rim 11 of a disc wheel 10 and is embedded in a ring
12 made of rubber or the like, and an inner peripheral portion 13
of this rubber ring 12 is pressed between an inner wall portion 14
of the rim 11 and a contact surface 16 of the rim 11 of a tire 15.
Accordingly, in case of mounting this rubber ring 12 on a wheel
with a tire, the wheel is removed from a fitting portion 18 of a
hub 17, air in the tire 15 is completely reduced, and the inner
peripheral portion 13 of the rubber ring 12 embedded the
loop-shaped electromagnetic radiation member 4 therein is pressed
between the inner wall portion 14 of the rim 11 and the rim contact
surface 16 of the tire 15, or the rubber ring 12 is mounted to the
rim 11 and then the tire 15 is mounted to the rim 11, so that it
becomes very difficult to fit the rubber ring 12 to the wheel with
the tire. In FIG. 2, the internal pressure sensing switch 2, the
power supply source 3 and the oscillator 1 are not illustrated, but
they should be provided on the surface portion of the wheel and
protected by a wheel cap or the like. Therefore, it also becomes
difficult to fit these components to the wheel. In addition, the
conductor wire 7 between the output coil 6 and the loop-shaped
radiation coil 4 should be introduced into the rear surface side
from the front surface side of the wheel through a gap provided in
a portion of the wheel under the rim 11 therof, so that the fitting
operation thereof becomes troublesome.
Moreover, an electromagnetic wave radiation mechanism of a
conventional device shown in FIG. 3 is composed by providing an
electromagnetic wave radiation member or radiation members 4' at
one or several portions of a rim bottom portion 19 of the wheel 10
and adjacent the rim bottom portion so as to radiate
electromagnetic waves from an oscillator through a rubber layer of
the tire 15. The electromagnetic wave radiation mechanism having
such construction requires a suitable machining operation, i.e.,
machining of a screw hole 20, for securing the radiation member
around the rim bottom portion 19, and the position for fitting the
radiation member is so positioned that a plurality of radiation
members can precisely keep their static and dynamic balancing to
rotation of wheels, or in case of fitting one radiation member, it
is necessary to fit a balance weight having the same mass as the
radiation member at the position diametrically opposed to the wheel
of the radiation member.
Further, in an antenna mechanism for receiving an electromagnetic
wave from an electromagnetic wave radiation mechanism, in case of
providing a receiver antenna corresponding to electromagnetic wave
radiation member of each wheel, the electromagnetic wave (or
inductive electromagnetic wave) from the radiation member is
absorbed by metal members such as a mudguard or the like provided
near the tire, so that it is necessary to set the receiver antenna
in the space where the shilding and absorption hardly occur, and
very near to each radiation member. Therefore, in the device having
a receiver antenna 21, i.e., a senser coil for reception of the
wave is fitted to a part of a wheel suspension portion such as a
housing of the hub 17 which is at rest against rotation of wheels,
and is not changed crossing of magnetic flux against vertical
movement of wheels or against angle displacement of front wheels,
i.e., a peripheral portion of a brake drum 22 by means of a metal
fixture.
In a four-wheel vehicle, the senser coils 21 are secured as
described above to the radiation coils 4 of wheels, respectively,
and the output lead wires of the senser coil 21 are passed through
the car body or connected to a receiver along the bottom portion of
the car body.
The receiver of the aforementioned conventional device has the
following defects.
That is, the radiation coil 4 and the senser coil 21 are
magnetically coupled with each other, and when these coils are so
mounted that relative intervals thereof are varied while running,
the degree of magnetic coupling is varied, so that it is impossible
to transmit signals with satisfaction. Particularly, the front
wheels of the vechicle are accompanied by angle displacement for
steering, so that mounting of these coils is very difficult. The
induction magnetic field of the radiating coil 4 has sharp
directivity, and large magnetic absorption and attenuation at the
steel portions such as wheels, hubs or the like, so that large
electric supply power is required for excitation of the coil.
From the above points, the radiation coil inevitably has the outer
diameter larger than the diameter of the rim and it cannot be
avoided to arrange the radiation coil along the tire side wall of
the rear surface of the wheel. As a result, repair or exchange of a
punctured tire becomes very inconvenient.
Further, in the device having the construction shown in FIG. 3, it
is necessary to provide a receiver antenna 23 at the position
opposed to the tire of a mudguard 24.
Then, fitting of the receiver antenna and wiring between the
antenna and a receiver provided in the operator cabin become
troublesome.
Further, in case of using the antenna for receiving broadcasting or
the antenna mechanism corresponding thereto, provision is made of a
receiver for receiving the induced voltage of the antenna regarded
as the same potential as the ground surface in relation to the
incoming wave through the electrostatic capacitance between the car
body and the ground surface or for receiving the induced current
flowing through said electrostatic capacitance from the antenna to
the ground surface, but in case of receiving the electromagnetic
wave from the radiation member of the oscillator near the wheel,
the electromagnetic wave from each radiation member is reflected
from or absorbed in the side surface of the car body so that
radiation energy flowed to a desired receiver antenna becomes a
little. On the contrary, the electromagnetic waves for broadcasting
and communication and other incoming noise waves are received by
the receiver with large energy, so that at an input path of the
receiver, the ratio of the signal component of the elctromagnetic
wave from said radiation member and the signal component (noise
signal) of other incoming waves (the so-called signal-to-noise
ratio) becomes lessened and discrimination of a desired signal
becomes very difficult, so that stability of reception necessary
for this kind of devices is spoiled.
One of various defects of the aforementioned device according to
the conventional technique is that in case of utilizing an electric
characteristic of the electromagnetic wave radiation member for the
oscillator, i.e., induction magnetic field in radio engineering,
the receiver antenna mechanism must be arranged near each radiation
member of wheels. Therefore, in this point these defects cannot be
avoided. When a receiver antenna mechanism of one system is
arranged at the upper portion of the car body, the electromagnetic
wave radiated from the radiation member for the oscillator can be
received, but the received energy is weakened as described in the
foregoing.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An object of the present invention is to eliminate the
aforementioned various defects and to provide a system for
transmitting information of reduced pneumatic pressure of tires
comprising a plurality of electromagnetic wave radiation members
corresponding to each tire wheel and an antenna mechanism for
reliably receiving electromagnetic waves from each radiation
member.
Another object of the invention is to provide a system for
transmitting information of reduced pneumatic pressure of tires,
which can easily be mounted on the car body and manufactured
inexpensively.
Further object of the invention is to provide a system for
transmitting information of reduced pneumatic pressure of tires, in
which electromagnetic wave radiation having wide directivity can be
possible by means of an oscillation circuit having low electric
supply power, and instead of providing a number of sensing receiver
coils corresponding to a number of wheels, only one antenna can
receive information, and the system being easily mounted on the
surface of a wheel.
The system for transmitting information of reduced pneumatic
pressure of tires according to the present invention comprises an
electromagnetic wave radiation mechanism of an electric field
excitation system and a receiver antenna of an electric field
sensing type or a magnetic field sending type. The electromagnetic
wave radiation mechanism includes an electromagnetic wave radiation
member consisting of loop-shaped metal body opposedely provided on
the wheel surface of a plurality of tire wheels and an oscillator
coupled to the radiation member and energized in response to
reduced pneumatic pressure of the tire. The receiver antenna is
provided in space between the surface of the ground and the lower
surface of the bottom plate of the car body and sense a
horizontally polarized wave of an electric field or a vertically
polarized wave of a magnetic field radiated from said radiation
mechanism, respectively. The electromagnetic wave radiation member
is a metal ring having a common axis to metal wheels for holding
the tire. The metal ring is electrically insulated and opposedely
arranged to the metal wheel and is used as a radiation antenna for
the output of an oscillator energized in response to reduced
pneumatic pressure of the tire. The metal ring is embedded in an
annular insulator which is fitted to a rim of wheel.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of a transmitter for reduced pneumatic
pressure signals of tires according to a conventional system;
FIGS. 2 and 3 are cross-sectional views of the conventional
system;
FIG. 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of transmitter of the system
according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing the positional relation of
an electromagnetic wave radiation mechanism according to the
present invention which consists of a tire wheel and an
electromagnetic wave radiation member opposedly provided
thereto;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of the
electromagnetic wave radiation mechanism according to the present
invention;
FIG. 7A is a schematic side view showing a receiver antenna
mechanism mounted at the bottom surface of a car body;
FIG. 7B is a schematic bottom view of the receiver antenna
mechanism shown in FIG. 7A;
FIG. 8 is a plan view showing a receiver antenna of an electric
field sensing type particularly a dipole antenna for use in the
system according to the present invnetion;
FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing a receiver antenna of a
magnetic field sensing type for use in the system according to the
invention;
FIG. 10 is a fundamental view showing another embodiment of tire
wheel provided with the transmitter device according to the
invention;
FIG. 11 is a partially sectional view of the tire wheel provided
with the transmitter device shown in FIG. 10;
FIG. 12 is a partially perspective view of wheel provided with the
transmitter shown in FIG. 11;
FIG. 13 is a view showing distribution of electric field in case of
cutting the radiation mechanism in the plane inclusive of the wheel
of the vehicle; and
FIG. 14 is an explanatory view showing strength of electric field
which is received by a receiver antenna AB from the center (0) of a
radiation member.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring to FIG. 4, one embodiment of a fundamental construction
of the system according to the present invention is shown. An
electromagnetic wave radiation mechanism of the system comprises an
oscillator 1 and an electromagnetic wave radiation member 4 in each
wheel.
Here, said radiation mechanism means a mechanism comprising a tire
wheel 10 and a radiation member 4 for forming an electric dipole.
The radiation member 4 consisting of a metal body is electrically
connected to the output side of the oscillator 1 through a
conductor wire 7. The oscillator 1 is further connected to a switch
2 having an electric contact 2a which closes when a pneumatic
pressure of the tire is lowered to less than predetermined value
and an electric power supply source 3. The oscillator 1 operates
when the contact 2a is closed by lowering the pneumatic pressure of
the tire and a closed circuit containing the power supply source 3
is formed. The operation of the oscillator is continued while the
contact 2a is closed. Then, an electromagnetic wave is radiated
from the radiation member 4 by this oscillation.
In the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 5, the
radiation member 4 is arranged on the same axis as that of an axle
at the position opposed to the surface of the wheel 10, so as to
form an electric dipole between the radiation member 4 and the
surface of the wheel 10 and to connect the wheel surface to the
surface of the ground (connect a feedback path 8 of the oscillator
to the wheel). The power supply source 3 is preferablly a small
mercury dry cell.
That is, the elctromagnetic radiation body can be formed into a
dome, a loop, a ring or a disc having no hole, or a polygon, and
can concentrically be arranged and fitted to the wheel.
Accordingly, the shape of the enveloping surface of an electric
line of force 9 formed between the surface of the radiation member
4 and the wheel surface becomes dome-shape or cylindrical under the
condition that it coindides with the axis of the wheel. The more
preferable enveloping surface by means of the electric line of
force is, as shown in another embodiment of FIG. 6, is obtained by
providing a loop-shaped projection member 10a on the surface of the
wheel 10 and by arranging the radiation member 4a opposedely
thereto. Its shape is therefore cylindrical or drum-shape. As
described in the foregoing, the loop-shaped radiation member 4 or
4a has its axis coincided with the axis of the wheel and is
provided opposedly to the surface of the wheel 10, so that lowering
of the output of the oscillator caused by increasing electrostatic
capacitance between a projection 10b of a supporting member of a
bearing provided in the front wheels or the like of the vehicle and
the radiation member 4 or 4a can be prevented. It means that the
output of the electromagnetic wave radiation is made equal as
possible as compared with the case of the surface of the wheel
having no projection such as rear wheels.
The shape and arrangement of the antenna mechanism according to the
invention will be explained with reference to embodiments shown in
FIGS. 7A and 7B.
A receiver antenna mechanism suitable for receiving the
horizontally polarized wave of a radiation electric field from the
electromagnetic wave radiation mechanism of the transmitter is
arranged in the space sandwiched by a bottom plate 30 of a car body
and the ground surface 31 at the position adjacent the bottom plate
30 and in flat plane 32 almost paralled to said bottom plate 30.
When an antenna 33 is secured to the car body at a right angle
between the front wheels and the rear wheels, the antenna 33
receives an electric field wave component polarized in the
direction at right angles to the forward direction of the vehicle,
while the antenna 33a secured parallel to the car body receives an
electric field wave component polarized paralled to the forward
direction of the vehicle. These antennas 33 and 33a can be used
separetely or together as an electrostatic field antenna. Further,
the receiver antenna can be a crossed dipoles consisting of a pair
of antennas 34a and 34b, i.e., the so-called shortened type, which
make the length of one segment shorter than or in a fraction of the
wave length of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the radiation
member 4.
Further, an embodiment of the receiver antenna having a mechanism
different from the above electrostatic field receiver antenna is
shown in FIG. 9. The antenna in this embodiment is made by applying
a winding 36 to a bar-shaped magnetic core 35 which has axis on a
perpendicular dropped from the bottom surface of the car body onto
the ground surface. Around the outer periphery of the winding 36 is
provided a metal plate for compensating the electrostatic potential
caused by the electric field of the electromagnetic wave, and
further provided an electrostatic shielding cylinder 37 having such
a structure that a part of the periphery thereof is not short
circuited against the induced voltage caused by the core 35. These
are a magnetic field type antenna for obtaining the voltage induced
in the winding 36 by a change of the flux passed through the
magnetic core 35 at the output terminal 38. Such magnetic field
type antenna as shown in the drawing is provided at the middle of
the front and rear wheels or at the rear of the rear wheels of the
car body.
The system of the above described construction according to the
invention is operated as follows.
When pneumatic pressure of either one or a plurality of tires of a
vehicle is lowered to less than a lower limit value, the contact of
the switch 2 is closed to form the closed circuit inclusive of the
power supply source 3 so that the voltage of the power supply
source 3 is applied to the oscillator 1, and thus the oscillator 1
is energized. The output of the oscillator is supplied to the
radiation member 4 through the line 7. The line 8 of the oscillator
1 is connected to the surface of the wheel 10 and the radiation
member 4 and the surface of the wheel 10 are opposedly provided
with each other to form electric dipole, so that if they are
excited by the oscillator, the electric lines of force 9 generated
between both of them become an alternating electric lines of force
equal to the excitation frequency. These electric lines of force
are, as shown in FIG. 5, enveloped around the axis of the wheel in
the form of a dome. Further, in another embodiment shown in FIG. 6,
the electric lines of force form a drum-shaped by the loop-shaped
projection 10a on the wheel surface. Therefore, the so-called
electromagnetic wave is generated by groups of these electric lines
of force, and three-dimensionally propagated around the dipole.
A preferable embodiment for securing the system according to the
invention to the wheels of the vehicle will be explained with
reference to FIGS. 10, 11 and 12. In the present embodiment, the
electromagnetic wave radiation member consists of a loop-shaped
radiation antenna 4b made of a metal wire as shown in FIG. 10, the
radiation antenna 4b is embedded in a ring-shaped insulator body 12
made of a material selected from hard plastics and hard rubbers or
the like as shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, the loop antenna 4b is
arranged adjacent the outer wall of the rim 11 in the space of the
outer wall portion of the rim, and the ring-shaped insulator body
12 is fitted to the rim 11 by means of a ring-shaped fitting jig
39, 40 so as to coincide the axis of the ring with the axis of the
wheel 10. Further, the power supply source 3 and the oscillator 1
are accommodated in a part of the ring-shaped insulator body 12 as
shown in FIG. 11. The power supply source 3 is preferablly a small
mercury dry cell. One end 5A of the resonance circuit 5 of the
oscillator 1 is connected to the antenna 4b, while the other end 5B
is grounded to the rim 11 by means of a grounded fixture (not
shown) provided at a part of the insulator body 12. The internal
pressure sensing switch 2 of the tire is secured to a valve and
connected to the oscillator through the conductor wire as shown in
FIG. 10.
In the above described construction, when the internal pressure of
the tire is lowered to less than a predetermined value and the
sensing switch 2 is closed, the voltage of the power supply source
3 is applied to the oscillator 1 and a resonance voltage is
generated between the terminals 5A and 5B of the resonance circuit
5. The terminal 5B is at grounded potential, so that the voltage
applied to the terminal 5A, i.e., the antenna 4b, is generated by
the driving of a constant current from an active element for
oscillation in a parallel circuit consisting of the coil 5L,
capacitor 5C and the capacitance 4C, provided that the value of
electrostatic capacitance 4C of the wheel to the antenna 4b is Ca
and the value of the leakage resistance 4R of the wheel to the
antenna 4b is Ra, so that if the current is i and the impedance of
the parallel circuit is z, the voltage applied to the antenna
becomes iz, which is in proportion to the impedance z. The
impedance z is z.apprxeq.Ra during resonating, so that in order to
make the impedance large, it is preferable to provide the large
leakage resistance of the ring-shaped insulator body 12.
On the other hand, in case that the resonance circuit 5 actuates
with the same frequency, the output voltage thereof is in
proportion to Q of the coil 5L, i.e., the ratio of the reactance
.omega.L and the internal resistance re of the coil 5L,
.omega.L/re, so that in order to make L large, the even
electrostatic capacitance of the wheel to the antenna should be
made small, and in order to make the radiation efficiency of the
antenna large, it is necessary to make the radiation effective area
large. The loop or ring-shaped antenna made of a metal conductor
according to the invention is to make the even electrostatic
capacitance of the wheel to the ring conductor small and make the
radiation area large by an envelope effect to the high frequency
voltage, so that only a small power is required for electric field
excitation, the directivity becomes maximum on the plane parallel
to the bottom surface of the car body, and in the vehicle, the
electromagnetic wave from the radiation antenna of each wheel can
be received by only one receiver antenna.
Further, it is possible to provide the radiation antenna and
circuit elements such as oscillator or the like inside the wheel
cap, but if all the circuit elements are embedded in the
ring-shaped insulator body 12 and integrated by arranging the
mounting jig 39 to the outer wall portion of the rim 11 as shown in
the present embodiment, not only detachability to the wheel 10
becomes very easy, but also connection of the internal pressure
senser fitted to the valve with the transmitter becomes easy. In
addition, there is another advantage that the outer diameter of the
metal ring as a radiation antenna can be made large.
As described in the foregoing, the electromagnetic wave
three-dimensionally propagated around the dipole for one radiation
mechanism is designated by cut by planes inclusive of axle of each
wheel of the vehicle as shown in FIG. 13. In FIG. 13, the forward
directions by propagation of the electric field polarized wave of
the electromagnetic wave along the x-y plane becomes radial around
the radiation member, and thus groups of electric line of force
(.alpha.) are estimated on any plane. The density of electric line
of force at any point (P) on this plane (flux of electric line of
force passing through a unit area .DELTA.s parallel to the z
coordinate at this point) becomes maximum when the unit area is at
a right angle to the line. Supporting that this maximum state is D,
when the unit area is at an angle .theta. to the x-y plane, it
becomes D.sub..theta.=D.sub.cos.sub..theta.. From this equation,
when the unit area becomes at right angles to the x-y plane the
density of electric line of force is maximum.
A receiver antenna 33 or 33a consisting of a straight metal
conductor is placed at its center portion of diagonal lines of
wheels in the x-y plane or the parallel plane adjacent the x-y
plane.
The antenna 33 receives the effective mean electric field shown by
a curved line portion MN which is extended along the mean intensity
of electric line c of force is the electric lines a and b of force
passing through the segment AB of the antenna for the
electromagnetic wave radiated from the wave radiation mechanism of
one of wheels and which is determined by the intersections of the
mean intensity of electric line c of force and the normal lines m
and n through both ends A and B or the segment from the center 0 of
the electromagnetic wave radiation member as shown in FIG. 11. The
middle point P of the segment AB is at equal distances from the
wave radiation mechanism of each wheel, so that the voltage induced
in the antenna becomes almost equal even by any radiation member.
The antenna 33a shown in FIG. 7B corresponds to the segment AB of
the antenna shown in FIG. 14 rotated 90.degree. around the middle
point P, and the electric field intensity where the segment is
positioned is slightly different from in the antenna 33, but the
distance from each wave radiation member is same as that of the
antenna 33, so that almost equal induced voltage for the
electromagnetic wave from any wave radiation member can be
obtained. In the receiver antenna consisting of two lines
perpendicularly intersecting each other shown in FIG. 8, when the
impedance of a path inclusive of the load Z induced by the receiver
paths r and s from each middle point P and Q of the segments AB and
CD of two antennas 34a and 34b is properly chosen and one of the
segments AB or CD is made one-half or one-fourth of the wave length
of the electromagnetic wave generated from the radiation member,
the phase of the potential or current of the middle points P and Q
can be made an opposite pole relation which is phase shifted by
180.degree., so as to form a dipole antenna and a large antenna
gain can be obtained as compared with the antenna 33 or 33a.
A receiver antenna of magnetic field type will be explained
hereinafter. As shown in FIG. 13, the antenna can receive a
magnetic field polarized wave presenting in the vertical direction
to the group of the electric lines of force on the x-y plane and
the electric field intensity is the strongest on the x-y plane, so
that it can easily be found that the magnetic field intensity at
right angles thereto is also the strongest according to a well
known therom of pointing. If the receiver antenna of magnetic field
type is mounted vertical to the bottom plate 30 of the car body and
at the central portion of the diagonal line of each wheel, a single
antenna can equally receive magnetic field polarized waves from the
radiation mechanism of each wheel at the magnetic field intensity
corresponding to the aforementioned effective electric field
intensity of the receiver antenna 33 or 33a of the electric field
type.
The receiving function for the electromagnetic wave of the wave
radiation mechanism is explained with reference to each embodiment
of the antenna mechanism according to the present invention in the
foregoing, and the effect for removing other electromagnetic waves
transmitted from the radiation mechanism other than that of each
antenna mechanism will be explained hereinafter. In the
aforementioned embodiments, the receiver antenna mechanism of the
electric field type according to the invention is arranged in the
plane inclusive of each axle within the space between the bottom
portion of the car body and the ground surface parallel thereto or
along the plane adjacent the bottom portion of the car body, and
the receiver antenna mechanism of the magnetic field type is so
arranged that the bar-shaped antenna has the axial direction
vertical to the plane of the bottom surface of the car body.
Accordingly, the electromagnetic wave from the radiation member in
the space can be received by an antenna mechanism of one system
with the strongest magnetic field intensity. On the other hand, the
communication or broadcasting wave is screened in said space from
the antenna placed at this position through the electrostatic
capacitance of the car body to the ground, so that the electric
field intensity of the electromagnetic wave around the antenna is
considerably reduced. Further, even if the ground potential of the
car body caused by these waves is present, the car electrostatic
capacitance of the antenna adjacent the bottom portion of the car
body is considerably larger than the ground electrostatic
capacitance of the antenna, so that the antenna per se becomes
almost same potential as that of the car body. Therefore, the
voltage induced by these undesirable incoming waves is reduced, and
thus it has no influence as noises upon reception of the
electromagnetic wave from the radiation mechanism of each desired
wheel.
Next, how to treat noises generated from the ignition system of the
engine of the vehicle and noise generator is explained. The
electromagnetic noise wave generated by the vehicle itself is
strongly present in the space extended from the lower opening
portion of the engine room of the vehicle to the ground surface,
and then such noise becomes disturbing in the receiver antenna
arranged at the aforementioned position. In order to remove this
noise, the mounting position of the receiver antenna mechanism is
preferably shifted from the central position of the diagonal line
of each wheel to the opposite side of the engine room. An
embodiment of this case (antennas 33b, 40a shown by a dot-dash line
in FIG. 7) belongs to the category of the present invention.
As explained in detail, the electromagnetic wave radiation
mechanism according to the present invention can radiate the
electromagnetic wave with a constant intensity regardless of
rotation and rest of wheels, and further radiate the strongest
electric field polarized wave or magnetic field polarized wave in
the vertical direction thereto on the plane inclusive of each axle
or in the space between this plane and the bottom surface of the
car body. Accordingly, if one system of the electric field type or
magnetic field type receiver antenna mechanism is arranged in the
space, any electromagnetic wave from any radiation member of the
wheel can be received with almost equal electric and magnetic field
intensity. Further, the ring-shaped or dome-shaped radiation member
is arranged on the same axis as that of the wheel by facing to the
wheel surface, while the oscillator circuit and the power supply
source are also accommodated in the central portion of the
radiation member and integrally formed with each other, so that any
fault caused by unbalanced mass to rotation of the wheels can be
eliminated. The device according to the present invention can
easily be mounted by the use of a hub bolt for fitting the wheel of
a vehicle or by operation similar to the fitting operation of the
wheel cap. Furthermore, the receiver antenna mechanism can receive
the electromagnetic wave from the desired radiation member with the
strong intensity of electric or magnetic field, and reduces
unnecessary waves by screening effect provided by utilizing the
electric ground characteristic of the car body, and can stabilize
reception of desired electromagnetic wave. The receiver antenna
mechanism according to the present invention is not a conventional
system for arranging a plurality of antennas but one system, so
that the mounting of the antenna and the installation of the
conductor wire to the receiver can be simplified.
In the aforementioned embodiments, the radiation antenna is a
closed ring, but the present invention does not limit it thereto.
The radiation antenna can be a ring opened at one point. In this
case, the central point to the segment is made a contact with the
output of the oscillation circuit, so that a standing wave is
generated to the whole length of the ring and the voltage feeding
can be formed, or one end of the open ring is connected to the tap
down point of the oscillation coil 5L, so that current feeding can
be formed. In this case, the directivity of the radiation electric
field becomes the strongest along the vertical plane to the bottom
surface of the car body, but the effect thereof is as well as the
aforementioned one.
Further, the tire can be used as an insulator body for the
aforementioned radiation antenna. However, even if it is embedded
in the tire, the same effect as the aforementioned embodiment can
be obtained.
* * * * *