U.S. patent number 3,895,262 [Application Number 05/501,707] was granted by the patent office on 1975-07-15 for apparatus for coating articles by means of electrostatically charged articles.
This patent grant is currently assigned to GEMA AG. Invention is credited to Peter Ribnitz.
United States Patent |
3,895,262 |
Ribnitz |
July 15, 1975 |
Apparatus for coating articles by means of electrostatically
charged articles
Abstract
An apparatus for coating articles or the like by means of
electrostatically charged particles comprising at least two
electrodes associated with an atomizer nozzle for these particles
and a regulatable or controllable high-voltage generator for
delivering a respective potential of different magnitude but the
same sign to both electrodes. A stabilizing stage is provided
between the high-voltage generator and the electrodes, this stage
maintaining constant the potential difference between the
electrodes at a predetermined value over the entire regulation
range of the operating voltage of the high-voltage generator with
regard to the articles.
Inventors: |
Ribnitz; Peter (St. Gall,
CH) |
Assignee: |
GEMA AG (St. Gall,
CH)
|
Family
ID: |
4390177 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/501,707 |
Filed: |
August 29, 1974 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
|
|
|
|
|
Sep 13, 1973 [CH] |
|
|
13191/73 |
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
361/227;
361/235 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H02M
7/10 (20130101); B05B 5/10 (20130101); G05F
3/18 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B05B
5/10 (20060101); B05B 5/08 (20060101); H02M
7/10 (20060101); G05F 3/08 (20060101); G05F
3/18 (20060101); B05b 005/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;317/3 ;321/15 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Hix; L. T.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Kleeman; Werner W.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. An apparatus for coating articles by means of electrostatically
charged particles, comprising at least two electrodes operatively
associated with an atomizer nozzle for the particles, a regulatable
high-voltage generator for delivering to both electrodes a
respective potential of different magnitude but the same sign, the
improvement comprising a stabilizing stage provided between the
high-voltage generator and the electrodes, said stabilizing stage
maintaining substantially constant at a predetermined value the
potential difference between the electrodes over the entire
regulation range of the operating voltage of the high-voltage
generator with regard to the articles.
2. The apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein said stabilizing
stage contains a diode operating in the cut-off range and the
breakdown voltage of which essentially corresponds to said
predetermined value.
3. The apparatus as defined in claim 2, wherein said high-voltage
generator is provided with a circuit arrangement having two
different stages connected with the electrodes, said diode bridging
both of said different stages.
4. The apparatus as defined in claim 3, wherein said circuit
arrangement defines a voltage divider-circuit arrangement.
5. The apparatus as defined in claim 3, wherein said circuit
arrangement defines a voltage multiplying-circuit arrangement.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a new and improved construction of
apparatus for coating articles or the like by means of
electrostatically charged particles and comprising at least two
electrodes associated with an atomizer nozzle for these particles,
and a regulatable high-voltage generator which delvers to both
electrodes a respective potential of different magnitude but the
same sign.
With such type equipment it is known that there are formed two
electrostatic fields. One of these fields, hereinafter referred to
as the transport field, exists between the electrodes on the one
hand and on the other hand the articles to be coated which as a
general rule are grounded. The field intensity of this transport
field is essentially dependent upon the operating voltage of the
high-voltage generator with regard to the article, i.e. the
absolute value of the potential delivered by the high-voltage
generator to the electrodes as well as upon the spacing between the
electrodes and the article. Further parameters which influence the
local value of the field intensity of the transport field are, for
instance, the geometric shapes of the articles or the electrodes
and the atomizer nozzle respectively. The field intensity of the
transport field is regulated from case to case to an optimum value
by adusting the high-voltage generator especially if the transport
field is not solely decisive for the transport of the charged
particles to the article to be coated. Quite to the contrary, for
this transport there is decisive both the propellant gas used for
the atomization of the particles as well as also the transport
field.
The second field which is formed at such equipment exists between
the electrodes and is hereinafter referred to as the "charging
field". Its field intensity is dependent upon the potential
difference between both electrodes which normally is only a
fraction of the absolute value of the electrode potential, and upon
the spacing between both electrodes which, in comparison to the
spacing between the electrodes on the one hand and the article on
the other hand, is very small. Therefore as a general rule the
field intensity of the charging field attains higher values than
the field intensity of the transport field. This charging field is
decisive for the charging of the particles. It should be self
evident that the charging of the particles is of paramount
importance for the quality of the attainable coating. Therefore
attempts are made to maintain this charging and therefore also the
field intensity of the charging field always at a maximum
value.
However with the heretofore known equipment of the previously
mentioned type this is not possible because the setting of the
working or operating voltage at the high-voltage generator
automatically also influences the field intensity of the charging
field. In other words with the heretofore known apparatuses the
field intensity of the charging field is a function of the field
intensity of the transport field and therefore cannot have an
optimum value for all cases.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Hence it is a primary object of the present invention to provide an
improved construction of apparatus for coating articles or the like
by means of electrostatically charged particles in a manner not
associated with the aforementioned drawbacks and limitations of the
prior art proposals.
It is another important and more specific object of the invention
to provide an improved apparatus of the previously mentioned type
wherein the field intensity of the charging field remains
practically constant throughout the entire regulation range of the
absolute voltage of the high-voltage generator.
Now in order to implement these and still further objects of the
invention, which will become more readily apparent as the
description proceeds, the proposed apparatus of this development is
manifested by the features that there is provided a stabilization
stage between the high-voltage generator and the electrodes and
which maintains constant at a predetermined value the potential
difference between the electrodes throughout the entire regulation
range of the operating voltage of the high-voltage generator with
regard to the articles.
In this connection it is to be understood that this stabilization
stage can contain a diode operating in the cut-off range and the
breakdown voltage of which essentially corresponds to the
predetermined value.
If for the apparatus there is provided a high-voltage generator
possessing a voltage divider arrangement or voltage multiplier
circuit arrangement, of which arrangement two different stages are
connected with the electrodes, when it is advantageous to bridge
both of these different stages by means of the diode.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
The invention will be better understood and objects other than
those set forth above, will become apparent when consideration is
given to the following detailed description thereof. Such
description makes reference to the annexed drawing wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an exemplary embodiment of
apparatus designed according to the teachings of the invention;
and
FIG. 2 schematically illustrates part of a variant embodiment.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Describing now the drawings, with the equivalent or apparatus 10
illustrated in FIG. 1 there will be recognized an atomizer nozzle
11 constructed as a tube or pipe. The atomizer nozzle 11 is charged
in the direction of the arrow 12 with a suspension of particles in
a propellant gas. At the region of the outlet of the atomizer
nozzle 11 there are provided four electrodes 13, 14, 15 and 16, of
which two are always arranged in spaced relationship from the
remaining two. In the exemplary embodiment the electrodes 13 and 15
and the electrodes 14 and 16 are arranged in offset relationship in
the peripheral direction by 90.degree. with respect to one another.
Both of these electrode pairs can be located at the same height in
the atomizer nozzle 11 or also offset in lengthwise direction. At a
spacing D from the atomizer nozzle 11 there is located an article
or object 17, hereinafter simply referred to as article, which is
grounded by means of the conductor or line 18. This conductor 18 as
a general rule is formed by the support or holder by means of which
the article 17 is held in front of or moved past in front of the
atomizer nozzle 11.
The illustrated apparatus also possesses a high-voltage generator
19 which is constructed as follows. A regulatable or controllable
alternating-current voltage source 20 supplies the primary winding
21 of a transformer 23, the secondary winding 22 of which is
grounded at one end and at the other end is coupled with a voltage
multiplying cascade. This cascade or circuit arrangement possesses
two columns of capacitors 24, 25 with intermediately connected
diodes 26. As best seen by referring to FIG. 1 the last stage of
the cascade is connected through the agency of a current limiting
resistor 27 and the conductors or lines 28, 29 and 30 with the
electrodes 14 and 16. Both of these electrodes therefore always
possess the same potential. The third last stage of the cascade is
connected on the other hand via a resistor 31 as well as the
conductors 32, 33 and 34 with the electrodes 13 and 15. Both of
these electrodes 13 and 15 therefore possess the same potential
which however is different from the potential of both electrodes 14
and 16. This potential difference between the electrodes 13 and 15
and 14 and 16 as well as the distance d between the electrodes 15
and 16 are decisive for the field intensity of the charging field
which prevails at the region of the outlet opening of the atomizer
nozzle 11. Between the conductors 28 and 32, as best seen by
referring to FIG. 1, there is connected a diode 35 which bridges or
shunts both of the last stages of the cascade. This diode operates
in its cut-off range and maintains the charging voltage of the
capacitors 24 and 25 of the last two stages of the cascade at a
value which approximately corresponds to the diode breakdown
voltage. Accordingly the potential difference prevailing between
the electrodes 13, 15 and 14, 16 equals the breakdown voltage of
the diode 35 and thus is almost constant. This constant potential
difference is however independent of the value of the operating
voltage of the high-voltage generator 19 which has been set at the
alternating-current voltage source 20.
If it is assumed that the regulating range of the high-voltage
generator 19 for the coating work to be undertaken is in the order
of between 40 and 100 kV, and that the potential difference which
is ideal for the charging is in the order of between 5-10 kV, then
it is sufficient to select a diode 35, the breakdown voltage of
which in the cut-off range is in the order of 5-10 kV. The fact
that there exists a voltage drop at both last stages of the voltage
multiplier cascade is a phenomenon which can be readily accepted in
order to obtain as effective as possible a charging field.
It has been found that with the illustrated apparatus it is
possible to optimumly charge the particles even with a slight field
intensity of the transport field, so that it is readily possible to
electrostatically coat hollow spaces enclosed by conductive walls,
in which as is known the transport field cannot extend. The
transport of the particles in such hollow spaces occurs primarily
by means of the propellent gas.
With the exemplary embodiment depicted in FIG. 2 there will be
recognized the conductors or lines 28 and 32 leading to the
electrode pairs 14, 16 and 13, 15 which have been omitted in this
case as a matter of convenience in illustration. There will also be
recognized the resistors 27 and 31 as well as the diode 35. In this
case the diode 35 bridges or shunts the last two resistors 36 of an
ohmic voltage divider 37 which is grounded at one end and connected
at the other end at location 38 to a not particularly illustrated
high-voltage source. The mode of operation of the variant
embodiment shown in FIG. 2 is essentially the same as the
embodiment of FIG. 1 discussed above.
While there is shown and described present preferred embodiments of
the invention, it is to be distinctly understood that the invention
is not limited thereto but may be variously embodied and practiced
within the scope of the following claims. Accordingly,
* * * * *