U.S. patent number 3,893,067 [Application Number 05/341,848] was granted by the patent office on 1975-07-01 for traffic signal control system.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Omron Tateisi Electronics Co.. Invention is credited to Minoru Nagao, Hiroo Watanabe.
United States Patent |
3,893,067 |
Watanabe , et al. |
July 1, 1975 |
Traffic signal control system
Abstract
Fail-safe apparatus is provided for controlling traffic signals
upon failure of an electronic computer. The computer normally
controls traffic signals at a multiplicity of intersections. The
computer and the fail-safe apparatus count the indication times of
the traffic signals in synchronism. The indications of the traffic
signals are controlled, upon failure of the computer, in accordance
with signals generated corresponding to each countout of the
indication times by the fail-safe apparatus.
Inventors: |
Watanabe; Hiroo (Mukou,
JA), Nagao; Minoru (Nagaokakyo, JA) |
Assignee: |
Omron Tateisi Electronics Co.
(JA)
|
Family
ID: |
12204682 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/341,848 |
Filed: |
March 16, 1973 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
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Mar 16, 1972 [JA] |
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47-26848 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
340/931 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G08G
1/081 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G08G
1/081 (20060101); G08G 1/07 (20060101); G08g
001/097 () |
Field of
Search: |
;340/35,37,40,41R,46 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Other References
"Computer-Controlled Vehicular Traffic," Gordon D. Friedlander,
IEEE Spectrum, February 1969, pages 30-43..
|
Primary Examiner: Claffy; Kathleen H.
Assistant Examiner: Myers; Randall P.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Craig & Antonelli
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A traffic signal control system for controlling traffic signals
at a multiplicity of intersections, comprising,
a computer for counting first phase time of traffic signals and
generating first signals for advancing phases of the traffic
signals upon each countout of the first phase times,
a fail-safe apparatus, in which second phase times of the traffic
signals are set, and to which said first phase advance signals
generated by said computer are supplied,
said fail-safe apparatus commencing the count of the second phase
times in accordance with said first phase advance signals from said
computer when said computer is normally operating, and for
generating second signals for advancing the phases of said traffic
signals upon attaining a count of said set second phase times,
and
logic switch means for transmitting said first phase advance
signals from said computer when said computer is normally
operating, and for transmitting said second phase advance signals
from said fail-safe apparatus when said computer fails.
2. A traffic signal control system according to claim 1, wherein
said fail-safe apparatus includes means responsive to said computer
for setting the second phase times in said fail-safe apparatus by
said computer.
3. A traffic signal control system according to claim 1, wherein
said fail-safe apparatus includes means for manually setting said
second phase times in said fail-safe apparatus.
4. A traffic signal control system according to claim 1, wherein
said fail-safe apparatus includes:
means for generating clock pulses,
first means in which the second phase times are set and providing
an output value indicative thereof,
second means for counting the clock pulses, and
third means for generating second phase advance signals upon
coincidence of the count value of said second means with said
output value of said first means.
5. A traffic signal control system according to claim 4, further
including means for interrupting the supply of said clock pulses to
said second means for a time period between the second generation
of the phase advance signal by the third means and the generation
of a first phase advance signal by said computer.
6. A traffic signal control system according to claim 4, wherein
said first means includes a plurality of registers, each of said
registers storing a value corresponding to a different phase time,
said third means comparing the value of each of said registers with
the count value of said second means for generating second phase
advance signals upon coincidence thereof.
7. A traffic signal control system according to claim 6, further
comprising means for sequentially supplying the output of each of
said registers to said third means.
8. A traffic signal control system according to claim 7, wherein
said means for sequentially supplying includes a counter for
enabling a gating means at the output of each of said registers in
a predetermined sequence.
9. A traffic signal control system according to claim 8, wherein
said registers store a signal value therein supplied by said
computer.
Description
The invention relates to a traffic signal control system, and
particularly relates to a centralized traffic signal control system
for controlling traffic signals at a multiplicity of intersections
from a central control station.
A centralized traffic signal control wherein traffic signals over a
wide territory are centralizedly controlled at a central control
station is well known. In such a traffic signal control, a central
processing unit and an electronic computer, to which traffic
informations at certain locations in the territory are supplied,
are provided at the central control station. At the locations where
traffic signals are installed, supersonic inductance or earth
magnetism vehicle detectors for collecting traffic informations are
profided. Such vehicle detectors are well known in which
information of vehicle movements obtained by such vehicle detectors
are supplied to the electronic computer. The computer computes
traffic volumes, time occupancy and speed of vehicles according to
the vehicle detection signals.
The computer computes traffic patterns to suit the conditions of
vehicular traffic flows, and makes decision ot timings of traffic
signals, such as times or respective phases of traffic signals.
Such times of phases of traffic signals are counted by the
computer. Each time the computer counts out the respective computed
values, a signal for advancing the phase of traffic signals is
transmitted to the traffic signals. The indication of the traffic
signals is switched over in accordance with the signal transmitted
from the central control station.
In the traffic signal control as above described, since the
informations of traffic flows over a wide territory are
continuously supplied to the computer, it is possible to
systematically control traffic signals at a multiplicity of
intersections.
However, if the computer fails, the systematic control of a
multiplicity of traffic signals can no longer be performed.
Therefore, a fail-safe apparatus, which continues, upon failure of
the computer, systematic control of the traffic signals according
to the traffic control pattern based on a pre-set program therein,
is provided at the central control station. This fail-safe
apparatus, as well as the computer, counts indication times of
traffic signals and transmits signals for advancing phases of
traffic signals. When the computer fails, each traffic signal is
switched according to the signals for advancing phases from the
fail-safe device, instead of the signals from the computer. In the
fail-safe apparatus, one traffic control pattern may be pre-set, or
two or three traffic control patterns, which are selected according
to the time of day, may be pre-set. The failsafe apparatus counts
the indication times independent of the computer during the normal
operation of the computer. The phase advancing signals generated
from the fail-safe apparatus are not supplied to the traffic
signals during the normal operation of the computer.
When the computer fails, the phase advance signals generated by the
fail-safe apparatus are supplied to the traffic signals. However,
since the count of the indication times by the fail-safe apparatus
is performed independent of the count by the computer, it takes a
certain time for transfering the control of the traffic signals by
the computer to the control by the fail-safe apparatus. Namely, if
the computer fails within a short time after right-of-way of a
certain main street has been given and the count of time by the
fail-safe apparatus is, at that time, approaching to a value to
finish the right-of-way of the main street, then the right-of-way
of the main street given by the computer will be finished within a
very short time by the phase advance signal from the fail-safe
apparatus. Accordingly, in the prior art, each traffic signal was
disconnected from the central control station at the time of
failure of the computer, and controlled independently by
corresponding local controller installed at corresponding
intersection for a certain time and the control by the respective
fail-safe apparatus was commenced at the time when the phase or
indication of the fail-safe apparatus coincides with that of the
local controller.
As can be understood from the above description, during the time
when the traffic signals are disconnected from the central control
station, the systematic control of the traffic signals cannot be
performed. Thus the traffic flows over a wide territory may be very
much confused for a certain time upon the failure of the
computer.
The object of the present invention is to provide a traffic signal
control system which can smoothly control traffic flows over a wide
territory by immediately transfering the control of traffic signals
by electronic computer to the control by fail-safe apparatus upon
failure of computer.
According to the invention, a fail-safe apparatus is provided at
the central control station or at other suitable location. In the
fail-safe apparatus, indication times of traffic signals such as
times of phases are pre-set.
The fail-safe apparatus counts the times of the indication of
traffic signals in synchronism with the time count of the computer.
The fail-safe apparatus is so constituted to commence the count of
each time in accordance with the phase advance pulses generated by
the computer, and also to commence the count of each time in
accordance with signals transmitted from the respective traffic
signals, as will be described later with respect to an embodiment
of the invention. In other words, the count of times by the
fail-safe apparatus according to the invention is not performed
independent of the count of time by the computer.
When the computer is operating normally, the indication of the
traffic signals is switched in accordance with the countout of the
respective indication times by the computer, and when the computer
fails, the indication of the traffic signals is switched in
accordance with countout of the respective indication times by the
fail-safe apparatus.
As described above, the unfavourable condition which has been
involved in the prior art can be prevented even if the control of
the traffic signals by the fail-safe apparatus is commenced
immediately after the failure of the computer.
The nature of the invention and various further objects will be
apparent from the following detailed description of a preferred
embodiment of the invention, as illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
In the drawing:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of the
invention,
FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating more particular constitution
of fail-safe apparatus in FIG. 1,
FIG. 3 is an explanatory drawing showing synchronous time counting
operation of computer and the fail-safe apparatus,
FIG. 4 is an explanatory drawing showing the manner of control
before and after failure of the computer, and,
FIG. 5 is an explanatoly drawing showing the mutual relationship of
phase advance signals for adjacent traffic signals.
In FIG. 1, a computer is shown as a block 100, and a fail-safe
apparatus is shown as a block 200. The phase advance signal SC
generated by the computer 100 is supplied respectively to one input
terminal of gate circuits 300, 301 and 302. Signal S1 is
respectively supplied to another input terminal of the gate
circuits 300, 301 and 302. The phase advance signal SC supplied to
the input terminals of the gate circuits 300, 301 and 302 appears
at the output terminals thereof according to presence of the signal
S1. The output signals of the gate circuits 300, 301 and 302 are
supplied to OR gates 400, 401 and 402. The signal S1 is present
when the computer 100 is normally operating, and is not present
when the computer 100 fails.
The phase advance signal SF generated by the fail-safe apparatus
200 is respectively supplied to one input terminal of INHIBIT gates
500, 501 and 502. The signal S1 is supplied to respective other
input terminal of the INHIBIT gates 500, 501 and 502. The signal SF
generated by the fail-safe apparatus 200 appears at the output
terminals of the gates 500, 501 and 502 when the signal S1 is
absent. The output signals of the gate circuits 500, 501 and 502
are supplied to respective other input terminal of the OR gates
400, 401 and 402.
The output signals of the OR gates 400, 401 and 402 are transmitted
to corresponding traffic signals 600, 601 and 602 through
transmission lines 700, 701 and 702.
Accordingly, the indications of the traffic signals are switched,
when the computer 100 is operating normally, in accordance with the
phase advance signal SC generated by the computer 100, and are
switched, when the computer 100 is in failure, in accordance with
the phase advance signal SF generated by the fail-safe apparatus
200.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the fail-safe apparatus 200 is
connected to the computer 100 through a control line CL and a bus
line BL. When the computer 100 is operating normally, control
parameters computed by the computer 100 are supplied to the
fail-safe apparatus 200.
FIG. 2 shows the fail-safe apparatus 200. Registers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
and 6 are provided in the fail-safe apparatus 200 for setting the
respective time of phase of the traffic signals 600. The fail-safe
apparatus may include additional registers and similar circuitry as
described below for control of traffic signals 601, 602. The data
to be stored in the registers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 are emitted at a
first bus line BL1 from the computer 100. The computer 100, in FIG.
1, is connected respectively to one input terminal of AND gates 21,
22, 23, 24, 25 and 26 through a bus line BL1, and also is connected
respectively to another input terminal of the AND gates 21 through
26 through a first control line CL1. The output terminals of the
AND gates 21 through 26 are respectively connected to the input
terminals of the registers 1 through 6. The data signals from the
computer 100 are conveyed on the bus line BL1 and appear at the
output terminals of the AND gates 21 through 26 when a signal is
supplied to a respective input terminal thereof from the computer
100 through the control line CL1. The output terminals of the AND
gates 21 through 26 are respectively connected to the input
terminals of the registers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. Therefore,
respective value of phase times computed by the computer 100 is
stored in the registers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 every unit time, for
example, five minutes. In the present embodiment, the value of the
time of a first phase is stored in the register 1, the value of the
time of a second phase is stored in the register 2, and in sequence
the value of the time of a sixth phase is stored in the register
6.
A counter 7 is provided for counting the respective time of phases.
The counter 7 advances in accordance with clock pulses generated by
a clock pulse generator 8, and is reset each time when a counter 9
advances. The clock pulses generated by the generator 8 are
supplied to the input terminal of a frequency divider 10. A decoder
11 is provided for controlling the divider 10, and the divider 10
generates at its output terminal pulse signals by dividing the
frequency of the clock pulses by the value instructed by the
decoder 11. The decoder 11 is controlled by the computer 100
through a bus line BL2. The pulse signals appearing at the output
terminal of the divider 10 are called "per-cent pulses." The output
terminal of the divider 10 is connected to both input terminals of
gate circuits 12 and 13. Both the output terminals of the gate
circuits 12 and 13 are connected to input terminal of OR gate 14,
and the output terminal of the OR gate 14 is connected to the input
terminal of the counter 7.
The signal S1 is supplied to the other terminals of the gate
circuits 12, 13. The set output terminal of a flip-flop 15 is
connected to the remaining input terminal of the gate circuit
13.
Accordingly, when the computer 100 is operating normally, the
counter 7 advances stepwise in accordance with the per-cent pulses
with the flip-flop 15 being set. When the computer 100 fails, the
counter 7 advances in accordance with the per-cent pulses
regardless of the state of the flip-flop 15.
The flip-flop 15 is set by the signal SC transmitted from the
computer 100. The signal SC is also supplied to the input terminal
of OR gate 16. The output terminal of the OR gate 16 is connected
to the reset terminal of the counter 7 and also to the counter 9.
The output terminal of the counter 9 is connected respectively to
one input terminal of AND gates 31, 32, 33, 34, 35 and 36. The
respective other terminal of the AND gates 31, 32, 33, 34, 35 and
36 are connected to respective output terminals of the registers 1,
2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. The data signals stored in the registers 1, 2, 3,
4, 5 and 6 appear at the output terminals of the AND gates 31, 32,
33, 34, 35 and 36, respectively, in accordance with the supply of
output signal from the counter 9 to the respective one input
terminal of the AND gates 31 through 36. The output terminals of
the AND gates 31 through 36 are connected to one input terminal of
a coincidence circuit 17. The output terminal of the counter 7 is
connected to the other input terminal of the coincidence counter
17. A signal S2 appears at the output terminal of the coincidence
circuit 17 upon coincidence of the count value of the counter 7
with the data signal from the AND circuits 31, 32, 33, 34, 35 and
36. The output terminal of the coincidence circuit 17 is connected
to the input terminal of a gate circuit 500 as well as to the reset
input terminal of the flip-flop circuit 15.
The counter 9 advances stepwise in accordance with the output of
the OR gate 16, and the output of the counter 9 in each stage opens
a corresponding one of the AND gates 31 through 36 in sequence. The
time value stored in each register 1 through 6 is supplied to the
coincidence circuit 17 respectively in accordance with
corresponding output of the counter 9 through the AND gates 31 to
36. Each time the counter 7 counts out the time stored in one of
the registers 1 through 6, a signal S2 appears at the terminal of
the coincidence circuit 17. The signal thus appears each time when
one of the time value stored in the registers 1 through 6 has
elapsed.
In the present embodiment, times of each phase computed by the
computer are set in the registers 1 through 6 respectively, and the
times of each phase are counted successively in the computer 100.
The computer 100 generates the signal SC when it counts out the
time of a respective phase. Since the counter 7 is reset by the
signal SC, the signal S2 at the output terminal of the coincidence
circuit 17 appears simultaneously with the signal SC generated by
the computer 100.
As shown in FIG. 3(A), if, for any reason, the signal SC from the
computer 100 is generated, during a phase (n), at the time t.sub.1
earlier than a time t.sub.2 where the signal S2 appears from the
coincidence circuit 17, then the counter 7 is cleared at the time
t.sub.1, and at the same time the counter 9 is advanced.
Accordingly, in the next phase (n+1), both the advance signal SC
from the computer 100 and the output signal S2 of the coincidence
circuit 17 are generated at a same time t.sub.3. On the other hand,
as shown in FIG. 3(B), if the output signal S2 of the coincidence
circuit 17 appears at a time t.sub.1 earlier than a time t.sub.2
where the signal SC is generated by the computer 100, then the
flip-flop 15 is reset at the time t.sub.1 thereby the percent
pulses are no longer supplied to the counter 7 and later on, the
counter 7 is reset and at the same time the flip-flop 15 is set by
the signal SC generated by the computer 100 at a time t.sub.2.
Accordingly, at the next phase (n+1), both the advance signal SC by
the computer 100 and the output signal S2 of the coincidence
circuit 17 appear at a same time T.sub.3.
As above described, when the computer 100 is operating normally,
the counter 9 is advanced by the advance signal SC, and the count
of time of the time counter 7 and the count of time of the computer
100 are commenced simultaneously, and accordingly, it will be
understood that the time when the signal SC is generated by the
computer 100 and the time when the output signal of the coincidence
circuit 17 appears are in coincidence in every phase. Therefore,
even if the computer 100 fails at a time t.sub.0 as shown in FIG.
4, since the phase of the counter 9 provided in the fail-safe
apparatus 200 is same to that of the traffic signal, and the value
of time count of the counter 9 in that phase is equal to that of
the computer 100, the control of the traffic signals 600, 601, 602
can be switched from the control by the computer 100 to the control
by the fail-safe apparatus without any troubles.
In the above, the description has been made in connection with the
traffic signal at one intersection. However, as is well known by
those skilled in the art, the signal SC from the computer 100 is
transmitted to the traffic signals at adjacent intersections with
an offset value OFV suited to the traffic flow. The mutual
relationship between phase advance signals transmitted to those
adjacent intersections are shown in FIG. 5. Namely, after the phase
advance signal SCO has been transmitted to the traffic signal 500
shown in FIG. 1, the phase advance signal SC1 is transmitted to the
adjacent traffic signal 501 with offset value OFV1 in that phase.
Similarly, after the phase advance signal SC1 has been transmitted
to the traffic signal 501, the phase advance signal SC2 is
transmitted to the adjacent traffic signal 502 with offset value
OFV2 in that phase. In this manner, the traffic signals are
systematically controlled.
Since the relationship between the phase advance signals generated
by the computer 100 and those of generated by the fail-safe
apparatus 200 are as described above, the systematic control of the
adjacent traffic signals can be realized immediately when the
computer 100 fails.
Further, a third bus line BL3 is provided for the purpose of
adjusting the phase of the counter 9, at a desired time, in
coincidence with the phase of traffic signals instructed by the
computer 100.
In the above described embodiment, the setting of the signal of
data to the registers 1 through 6 is performed by the computer 100,
however, it may be so constituted that the setting of signals of
data to the registers 1 through 6 is performed manually. The values
of data to be set in the registers 1 through 6 are not necessary in
coincidence with the phase times computed by the computor 100. The
only one condition necessary is that the sum of the data to be set
in the registers 1 through 6 are equal with respect to the
respective intersections to be systematically controlled.
* * * * *