U.S. patent number 3,885,252 [Application Number 05/346,900] was granted by the patent office on 1975-05-27 for device for uniting the thigh and lower leg.
Invention is credited to Hirofumi Nakajima.
United States Patent |
3,885,252 |
Nakajima |
May 27, 1975 |
Device for uniting the thigh and lower leg
Abstract
A device comprising an upper joint member having a portion to be
secured to the thigh, a lower joint member having a portion to be
secured to the lower leg, and an intermediate joint member uniting
the upper and lower joint members by an upper pin and lower pins
pivotably at upper and lower two positions.
Inventors: |
Nakajima; Hirofumi (Soraku-gun,
Hyoto-fu, JA) |
Family
ID: |
12446825 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/346,900 |
Filed: |
April 2, 1973 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
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Apr 7, 1972 [JA] |
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47-35618 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
623/20.24;
623/39 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61F
5/0123 (20130101); A61F 2/384 (20130101); A61F
2/644 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61F
5/01 (20060101); A61F 2/38 (20060101); A61F
2/60 (20060101); A61F 2/64 (20060101); A61f
001/24 () |
Field of
Search: |
;3/1,2,22-29
;128/8C,8F,8R,88,92C |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Frinks; Ronald L.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Hall & Houghton
Claims
What I claim is:
1. A device for uniting the thigh and the lower leg to one another
comprising a frame element forming an upper joint member, said
frame element including an upper face to be secured to the distal
end of the thigh and a pair of opposite side walls, the
undersurface of each wall provided with a recess having a
semicircular surface to form a pair of laterally spaced pin bearing
portions, a lower joint member disposed beneath said upper joint
member, said lower joint member including a bottom plate having an
underface which is to be secured to the proximal end of the lower
leg and an upper element extending upwardly from said bottom plate,
said upper element having a recess formed in its upper edge, said
recess having a semicircular surface and forming a centrally
positioned pin bearing portion, an intermediate joint member
positioned between said upper joint member and said lower joint
member, said intermediate joint member having a configuration in
the form of a crank and including a pair of laterally spaced
vertically disposed leg portions, an upper, horizontally disposed
pin portion connecting the upper end of each leg portion to one
another, a lower, horizontally disposed pin portion extending
outwardly from the lower end of each of said leg portions, each of
said lower pin portions being fitted in the respective formed pin
bearing portions of said formed upper joint member, and the upper
pin portion of said intermediate joint member being fitted in the
centrally positioned pin bearing portion of said lower joint
member, thereby enabling the thigh and lower leg to be united
pivotally at two upper and two lower positions.
Description
The present invention relates to improvements in a device for
uniting the thigh and the lower leg together, more particularly to
improvements in knee prosthesis and knee joint brace for uniting
the thigh and the lower leg together.
The natural knee joint is adapted for smooth articulation by virtue
of special mode of sliding contact between the distal end of the
femur and the proximal end of the tibia which have unique surfaces
respectively. It is well known that the knee motion is not a simple
uniaxial motion.
However, conventional devices for joining the thigh and the lower
leg together, whether knee prostheses or knee joint braces, are of
such construction that the upper and lower joint elements to be
fixed to the thigh and the lower leg respectively are pivotably
united together only at one position by one pin. Consequently, the
known devices give a uniaxial motion as entirely distinct from the
actual knee motion, resulting in serious objections during walking
or when the knee is stretched or flexed as will be described
below.
With knee prostheses heretofore proposed, the motion of extension
and flexion always takes place about only one support point without
permitting the displacement of the support point, so that the
motion lacks comfort and smoothness and involves extreme
difficulties. In addition, the body movement is unnatural and
unsightly. The known devices furthermore require a strong muscular
power for extension and flexion, hence unapplicable to those who
have a weak muscular power, and are unserviceable over a prolonged
period of time inasmuch as the anchorage of the device to the
support bones is subject to loosening. Thus the conventional
devices have found applications only to extremely limited kinds of
pathologic changes and are generally of poor practical value. For
the same reasons, knee joint braces so far have the serious
drawback of being unable to properly follow the motion of the
actual knee joint, failing to alleviate the load on the knee joint
to any significant extent. When worn, they produce abrasion in the
skin due to the reciprocal frictional contact with the thigh and
the lower leg and are therefore unapplicable continuously.
A main object of this invention is to provide a mechanism for
uniting the thigh and the lower leg together by upper and lower
pins so as to unite them at two positions, i.e. at the upper and
the lower and to thereby render them pivotably movable in the same
manner as the natural joint.
Another object of this invention is to provide a device which
incorporates the mechanism to unite the thigh and lower leg
together and by which the motion of actual knee joint can be
reproduced accurately to assure knee extension and flexion with
comfort and smoothness, the device therefore being operable very
satisfactorily where hardly any muscular power is available, free
of loosening at its anchorage to the support bone, serviceable over
a long period and applicable to a wide variety of pathologic
changes.
Still another object of this invention is to provide a knee joint
brace which incorporates the above-mentioned muchanism to unite the
thigh and the lower leg together and which is capable of following
the motion of the natural joint properly, making it sure to
mitigate the load on the knee joint and assuring continuous use
without causing skin abrasion where the brace is applied.
According to this invention there is provided a device comprising
an upper joint member, a lower joint member disposed under the
upper member and an intermediate joint member interposed between
the upper and lower joint members, the upper joint member having an
upper portion to be secured to the thigh and a lower pin bearing
portion, the lower joint member having a lower portion to be
secured to the lower leg and an upper pin bearing portion, the
bearing portion of the upper joint member being pivotably engaged
with the lower ends of the intermediate joint member by lower pins,
the bearing portion of the lower joint member being pivotably
engaged with the upper end of the intermediate joint member by an
upper pin, whereby the thigh and lower leg can be united together
pivotably at two positions, i.e., at the upper and the lower.
By securing the upper joint member to the thigh and the lower joint
member to the lower leg, the thigh and the lower leg can be united
together by upper and lower pins pivotally at two positions, i.e.,
at the upper and the lower, with the result that the pivotal motion
takes place about two support points in the joint which are
displaceable as desired in the same manner as the actual knee joint
motion.
Accordingly, the joint mechanism of this invention, when embodied
as a knee prosthesis, assures reproduction of the actual knee joint
motion to permit trouble-free and smooth extension and flexion of
the knee and satisfactory application where hardly any muscular
power is available. Since the present prosthesis is serviceable
over a prolonged period of time free of loosening at its anchorage
to the support bone, it has the great advantage of being applicable
to a wide variety of pathologic changes.
Further when embodied as a knee joint brace, the present joint
mechanism properly follows the motion of the actual knee joint,
making it sure to lessen the load on the joint and to render the
brace bearing part free from skin abrasion, hence serviceable
continuously with safety.
For a better understanding of the present invention, a detailed
description will be given below with reference to accompanying
drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view showing an embodiment of the
joint mechanism of the invention as it is applied to knee
prosthesis;
FIG. 2 is a rear view of the same as it is assembled;
FIG. 3 is a side elevation of the same;
FIG. 4 is a view illustrating the same in a flexed state;
FIG. 5 is a front view partly in vertical section showing an
embodiment of the joint mechanism of this invention as it is
applied to knee joint brace;
FIG. 6 is a side elevation of the same;
FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing the same in a flexed state
with part omitted; and
FIG. 8 is an enlarged view in section showing the pivotally movable
portion of the same.
The knee prosthesis embodying this invention is molded of hard
plastic, metal or like material which is inactive in vivo.
An upper joint member A is in the form of a casing-like frame 1
which is open at its bottom and at least one side for housing an
intermediate joint member. The upper joint member A comprises a
securing portion including a projection 3 projecting from the upper
face of the upper wall 2 of the frame 1 to be anchored in the
distal end of the femur, a bearing portion including a pair of
recesses 5 and 5 formed in the under faces of the opposite side
walls 4 and 4 of the frame 1 and defining semicircular surfaces,
and a front wall 6 of the frame 1.
The lower joint member B comprises a securing portion including a
projection 8 projecting from the under face of a disc 7 to be
anchored in the proximal end of the tibia, a bearing portion
including a recess 10 formed in the upper face of a support 9
extending upward from the plate 7 and having a semicircular
surface, and a stopper in the shape of a stepped portion 11 formed
in a lower front part of the support 9.
The intermediate joint member C comprises a pin 13 connecting the
upper ends of legs 12 and 12 spaced apart by a required distance
and pins 14 and 14 in alignment with each other and extending
outward from the lower ends of the legs 12 and 12, the intermediate
joint member C being in the form of a crank.
The upper pin 13 of the intermediate member C is fitted in the
semicircular recess 10 in the lower joint member B, and the lower
pins 14 and 14 of the intermediate joint member C are fitted in the
semicircular recesses 5 and 5 in the upper joint member A, whereby
the upper and lower joint members A and B are united together for
pivotal movement about the upper and lower pins 13 and 14, i.e., at
two positions of the lower and the upper.
According to the foregoing mode of embodiment of this invention,
the projection 3 of the upper join member A is anchored in the
distal end of the femur where the disabled joint element has been
removed, and the projection 8 of the lower joint member B anchored
in the proximal end of the tibia from which the disabled joint
element has been removed. When thus installed in place to unite the
thigh and the lower leg together, the present device achieves
excellent effects as described below.
The uppper and lower pins 13 and 14 which unite the thigh and the
lower leg together pivotably provide two support points for the
knee motion which can be displaced as desired as illustrated in
FIG. 4 permitting smooth and trouble-free extension and flexion of
the knee in the same manner as the actual knee motion without
requiring hardly any muscular power, hence applicable where almost
no muscular power is available. The stable performance of the
device eliminates an objectionable eccentric load acting on the
portions where the projections 3 and 8 of the joint members A and B
are anchored in the support bones, rendering the anchors free of
loosening to assure trouble-free use over a long period of time.
The ability to simulate the actual knee motion renders the device
applicable to a wide variety of pathological changes.
The securing portions or anchorages for the upper and lower joint
members A and B in the foregoing embodiments need not necessarily
be in the form of projections 3 and 8 but may alternatively be
coarse-surfaced portions or planer surfaces insofar as the device
can be secured to the upper and lower support bones.
The knee joint brace shown in FIGS. 5 to 8, another embodiment of
the present invention, has the following construction.
An upper joint member D comprises a securing portion and a pin
bearing portion, the securing portion including a cylindrical cover
22 of a desired size to be fitted around the thigh and having free
front ends 21 and 21 spaced apart by a required distance l in
opposing relation to each other and a fastening string 23 extending
between the opposing free ends 21 and 21 in engagement with hooks
21' thereon to reduce the distance l and to thereby fit the cover
22 intimately around the thigh, the pin bearing portion including
connecting bars 24 and 24 vertically extending from the opposite
sides of the cover 22 and formed with pin holes 25 in their lower
ends respectively.
Similarly, a lower joint member E comprises a securing portion and
a bearing portion. The securing portion includes a cylindrical
cover 27 of a desired size to be fitted around the thigh and having
free front ends 26 and 26 spaced apart by a require distance l' in
opposing relation to each other and a fastening string 28 extending
between the opposing free ends 26 and 26 in engagement with hooks
26' thereon to reduce the distance l' and to bring the cover 27
into intimate contact with the periphery of the lower leg. The
bearing portion includes connecting bars 29 and 29 extending
vertically from the opposite sides of the cover 27 and formed with
pin holes 30 in their upper ends respectively.
An intermediate joint member F comprises a pair of short links 33
and 33 formed with pin holes 31 and 32 at their opposite ends
respectively. Pins 34 and 34 are inserted into the holes 31 and 31
at the lower ends of the links 33 and 33 and into the holes 25 and
25 at the lower ends of the connecting bars 24 and 24 of the upper
joint member D respectively to connect both the joint members D and
E pivotably. Likewise, pins 35 and 35 are inserted into upper holes
32 and 32 in the links 33 and 33 and into the holes 30 and 30 at
the upper ends of the connecting bars 29 and 29 of the lower joint
member E to connect both the joint members E and F pivotably. In
this way, the upper and lower joint member D and E are united
together pivotably about the two upper and lower positions, i.e.,
about the pins 34, 34 and 35, 35 respectively.
To use the second embodiment of this invention described as a knee
joint brace, the covers 22 and 27 of the upper and lower joint
members D and E are fitted around and fastened to the thigh and the
lower leg with the intermediate joint member F positioned at the
opposite sides of the knee, whereby the following excellent effects
and advantages will result.
The knee joint brace unites the thigh and the lower leg pivotably
at the two upper and lower support points, which can be displaced
as desired to produce a motion resembling the actual knee joint
motion permitting the brace to properly follow the motion of the
knee joint and making it sure to alleviate the load on the knee
joint to achieve a remarkable efficacy in the remedy of the
disabled knee joint. The above-mentioned ability of the present
device to properly follow the knee motion serves to prevent the
covers 22 and 27 from causing skin abrasion during extension,
flexion and like knee motion while it is applied to the thigh and
the lower leg. This ensures continuous use with safety.
The covers used as the joint members in this mode of embodiment
must be made of a material having the desired body and soft feel
and adapted for intimate contact. The connecting bars and links may
suitably be made of a tough metal.
Although principal embodiments are given above, they are intended
for illustrative purposes only and are not limitative in any way.
One skilled in the art may be able to make various other
alterations and modifications, which are to be included within the
scope of this invention as set forth in the appended claims.
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