U.S. patent number 3,885,128 [Application Number 05/484,421] was granted by the patent office on 1975-05-20 for glass-ceramic plate heating unit cast-in heat spreader.
This patent grant is currently assigned to General Electric Company. Invention is credited to Raymond L. Dills.
United States Patent |
3,885,128 |
Dills |
May 20, 1975 |
Glass-ceramic plate heating unit cast-in heat spreader
Abstract
A glass-ceramic plate surface heating unit has a high thermal
conductivity layer such as aluminum or copper cast in a recess
formed on the underside of the plate, a metal sheathed electrical
resistance heating element with an underlying reinforcing member is
cast into the high conductivity layer, so that the said layer
serves both as a mechanical and thermal coupling means between the
heating element and the plate as well as a heat spreader means
across the plate. The underside of the plate is shown with a
plurality of cavities so as to increase the area of contact between
the high conductivity layer and the glass-ceramic plate.
Inventors: |
Dills; Raymond L. (Louisville,
KY) |
Assignee: |
General Electric Company
(Louisville, KY)
|
Family
ID: |
23924110 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/484,421 |
Filed: |
July 1, 1974 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
219/455.12;
219/530; 219/467.1; 219/468.1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H05B
3/748 (20130101); F24C 15/105 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F24C
15/10 (20060101); H05B 3/68 (20060101); H05B
3/74 (20060101); H05b 003/68 () |
Field of
Search: |
;219/439,449,457,458,459,461,462,463,464,467,530 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Mayewsky; Volodymyr Y.
Claims
What is claimed as new and desired to be secured by Letters Patent
of the United States is:
1. A surface heating unit comprising a glass-ceramic plate having
recess means formed on the underside thereof, the recess means
substantially covering a large area of the plate and being
substantially filled with a metal casting of high thermal
conductivity such as aluminum or copper that is formed in place, a
metal sheathed electrical resistance heating element with a
reinforcing member of open framework fastened across the underside
of the heating element, the heating element and reinforcing member
being partially embedded in the said metal casting, whereby the
metal casting serves as both a mechanical and thermal coupling
means between the heating element and the glass-ceramic plate as
well as the heat spreader means across the plate.
2. A glass-ceramic plate as recited in claim 1 wherein the said
recess means on the underside of the glass-ceramic plate is formed
with a plurality of cavities that are also filled with the metal
casting so as to increase the area of contact between the
glass-ceramic plate and the metal casting.
3. A surface heating unit as recited in claim 1 wherein there is a
reflector pan positioned beneath the glass-ceramic plate and having
a peripheral edge near the top portion of the pan on which the said
reinforcing member is seated, and fastening means joining the
reflector pan to the reinforcing member, the area of the
glass-ceramic plate in contact with the metal casting being
provided with a textured surface having a plurality of cavities for
increasing the area of contact between these two parts and hence
the thermal coupling action.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention:
The invention relates to glass-ceramic plate surface heating units
or cooktops with a metal sheathed heating element cast into a heat
spreading layer on the underside of the plate.
2. Description of the Prior Art:
In order to improve the cleanability of cooktops of domestic ranges
as well as built-in countertop cooktops, the standard porcelain
enamel cooktop surface with separate electrical heating elements or
gas burners has been replaced in certain models of appliances by
high resistivity glass-ceramic plates, which are heated by
electricity or gas. Such plates are of generally milk-white,
opaque, glass-ceramic or crystalline glass material sold under such
trademarks as "PYROCERAM", "CER-VIT", and "HERCUVIT". This
glass-ceramic material has a low thermal expansion coefficient, and
it has a smooth top surface of almost ground glass finish or
texture that presents a pleasing appearance and is also readily
cleanable. The continuous top surface prevents the drainage of
spillovers underneath the cooktop.
One such electrically heated glass-ceramic cooktop design is shown
in U.S. Pat. No. 3,632,983 of the present inventor, which is also
assigned to the assignee of the present invention.
Present day glass-ceramic surface units and cooktops are less
efficient thermally than standard porcelain enamelled steel
cooktops having metal sheathed electrical resistance heating
elements of spiral configuration. This is mainly because the
glass-ceramic material has a high thermal mass, thus a slow thermal
response requiring a longer time to heat up and cool down. The heat
is stored in the glassceramic plate as well as in the sheathed
heating element and in the insulating support block or pad for the
heating element. When open coil heaters are used at a spaced
distance below the plate there is also a poor thermal coupling
between the heater and the glass-ceramic plate. In order to
transfer the heat from an open coil heater to the glassceramic
plate, the heater has to operate at higher temperatures than
otherwise, which creates several problems such as poor efficiency
of the system, high heat losses, overheating of components, and
high cooktop temperatures. Glass-ceramic cooktops and surface units
with open coil heaters also present a safety hazard in the event
the glass-ceramic plate is broken and liquids should pass through
the crack and contact the open coil heater.
Another difficulty encountered in glass-ceramic plate heating units
is the rather poor quality of thermal conductivity through the
glass-ceramic material. Such material is used widely in other arts
as a thermal and electrical insulating material, rather than as a
thermal conductor in the present invention. Heat does not readily
diffuse laterally through the glass-ceramic plate, and during a
cooking operation heat will flow to the utensil only near the point
of contact. The remainder of the heated area may become very
hot.
One solution to this problem of low thermal efficiency in
glass-ceramic plate heating units is taught in U.S. Pat. No.
3,622,754 of Bohdan Hurko, which is also assigned to the present
assignee. This Hurko patent employs a metal sheathed heating
element that is attached to the underside of a thin composite plate
having a core of high thermal conductivity such as copper, silver
or aluminum. The composite plate is pressed against the underside
of the glass-ceramic plate.
The principal object of the present invention is to provide a
glass-ceramic plate surface heating unit or cooktop with a cast-in
heat spreader plate which also serves as a mechanical and thermal
coupling means for the heating element.
A further object of the present invention is to provide a
glass-ceramic plate heating unit or cooktop of the class described
with an enlarged area of contact between the cast-in heat spreader
plate and the glass-ceramic plate.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention, in accordance with one form thereof, relates
to a solid plate surface heating unit comprising a glass-ceramic
plate having a recess formed on the underside thereof, the recess
being substantially filled with a high conductivity cast-in heat
spreader layer. A metal sheathed electrical resistance heating
element with a reinforcing member of open framework is fastened
across the underside of the heating element that is in turn cast in
the said heat spreader layer so that the layer serves both as a
mechanical and thermal coupling means between the heating element
and the glass-ceramic plate, as well as a heat spreading means of
good thermal conductivity across the heated area of the plate.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
This invention will be better understood from the following
description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and
its scope will be pointed out in the appended claims.
FIG. 1 is a fragmentary, cross-sectional, elevational view through
about one-half of a solid glass-ceramic plate surface heating unit
embodying the present invention, showing an aluminum or copper
casting held in the underside of the glass-ceramic plate, with the
heating element confined therein.
FIG. 2 is a bottom plan view of the glass-ceramic plate of FIG. 1
showing a pattern of a plurality of cavities formed on the
underside of the glass-ceramic plate so as to increase the surface
area of contact between the heat spreader casting and the
glass-ceramic plate.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Turning now to a consideration of the drawings and in particular to
FIG. 1, there is shown a cross-sectional, elevational view of a
solid plate surface heating unit 10 having a thin glass-ceramic
plate 12 which is a molded part of generally circular configuration
having an inverted pan-shape by virtue of a recess 14 created on
the underside of the glass-ceramic plate due to the presence of a
down-turned peripheral wall 15. In other words, this glass-ceramic
plate is not a simple plate of uniform thickness throughout, as in
most, if not all, glass-ceramic cooktops sold widely on the market
today. While this invention is shown incorporated in a single solid
plate surface heating unit, it should be understood that it is
equally applicable in a cooktop having a plurality of heated areas,
where each heated area would have its own heat spreader layer
16.
This glass-ceramic material is electrically insulating and
thermally transmissive as well as being highly wear and thermal
shock resistant, and resistant to the physical and chemical attacks
of foods and liquids which may come in contact with the plate at
relatively high temperatures. While the term glass-ceramic material
or crystalline glass material is used throughout, it should be
understood that this invention encompasses other materials with
similar characteristics, such as quartz, high-silica glass,
high-temperature glasses and different ceramic materials.
It would be extremely difficult to maintain an even temperature
distribution across this glass-ceramic plate 12 if it were heated
directly by an open coil resistance heating element or a metal
sheathed resistance heating element of looped configuration. Heat
diffuses very slowly laterally through the glass-ceramic material,
and hence, hot spots would be created on the plate surface nearest
the areas of contact between the heater and the glass, as well as
between the glass and the warped bottom of a cooking utensil. This
type of glass cannot exceed an operational temperature of about
1300.degree.F at any point, hence, the total heat output of a
glass-ceramic surface heating unit would be reduced if the plate is
provided with an uneven temperature distribution. In the absence of
a temperature-limiting means, the plate would have to be
underheated in order to avoid damaging the glass-ceramic plate.
The present invention contemplates the casting of an aluminum or
copper layer 16 within the recess 14 on the underside of the
glass-ceramic plate 12. Before this metal casting is poured and
solidified, a sub-assembly of a metal sheathed electrical
resistance heating element 18 of spiral configuration is first
staked or otherwise mounted on a reinforcing support 20 of open
framework. This sub-assembly is placed in contact with the molten
metal 16 such that as the metal solidifies the heating element and
a portion of the reinforcing framework 20 will be cast into the
heat spreader layer 16. The sheathed heating element 18 is shown
with two vertically-arranged electrical terminals 21 and 22 for
joining the heating element in an electrical circuit.
A reflector pan 26 of rather deep configuration is positioned
beneath the heating unit 18 and reinforcing framework 20. The upper
perimeter of the reflector pan 26 has an outwardly extending ledge
28 on which the supporting framework 20 is seated. A J-bolt 32 is
hooked to the reinforcing frame 20 at its upper end 34, while the
lower threaded end of the J-bolt extends through an opening 36 in
the bottom of the reflector pan 26 and a nut 38 is tightened on the
bolt until the surface unit 10 is tightly held in the reflector pan
26.
It is important to limit the operating temperature of the
glass-ceramic plate 12 to a temperature below about 1300.degree.F.
This can best be done by introducing a temperature-limiting means
to the solid plate surface unit of the present invention such that
the power to the heating element 18 is cut off if the temperature
of the heat spreader casting 16 rises to a predetermined
temperature. This temperature-limiting means comprises a
temperature sensor 42 in the form of an elongated bulb which is
positioned outside the outermost coil of the heating element 18 and
is positioned on the reinforcing framework 20 and cast in the heat
spreader layer 16. This sensor 42 is a bulb-like member that is
filled with a high temperature thermostatic fluid such as sodium
potasium (NaK) or the like. The sensor communicates with a
temperature responder 44 by means of a capillary tube 46, which is
shown diagrammatically as a long dash line. This temperature
responder 44 is a single-point, temperature-limiting switch or
thermostat that is set at a critical temperature of about
1250.degree.F. This temperature responder 44 would include switch
means (not shown) in a series circuit with the heating element 18
such that if the critical temperature of the heat spreader casting
would be reached the power circuit to the heating element 18 would
be broken and the heating element de-energized. A similar
arrangement is utilized in the Hurko U.S. Pat. No. 3,622,754.
This solid plate surface heating unit 10 is shown mounted in a
cooktop 50 by means of a depressed circular ledge 52 that encircles
a cut-out opening 54. It is best to provide some means for holding
the surface unit 10 down in place, and this function is provided by
a trim ring 56 which has a transverse T-shaped cross-section with a
first vertical shank section 58 which is insertable into the narrow
gap between the periphery of the heating unit 10 and the vertical
side 60 created by the recessed ledge 52. The upper edge of the
vertical shank 58 is provided with a folded-over crown 62 which
overlies both the edge of the cooktop 50 and the edge of the
glass-ceramic plate 12.
Releasable means must be provided for holding the trim ring 56 in
place. For this purpose a series of widely spaced clip members 66
are attached to the shank portion 58 of the trim ring 56 at widely
spaced positions around the trim ring. Each clip member 66 is of
thin spring material of narrow width, and at its upper end it is
provided with an offset finger 68 which is adapted to extend
through a mating slot 70 formed in the shank portion of the trim
ring 56. The only way to insert the finger 68 through the slot 70
is to remove the surface unit 10 from the cooktop 50 and insert the
fingers at a generally perpendicular angle with respect to the
shank portion 58 of the trim ring, and then pivot or lower the clip
member down against the side of the shank portion, as is best seen
in FIG. 1. These fingers 68 become captured in place in the slots
70 due to the small clearance between the shank portion 58 and the
vertical side 60 of the cooktop edge. Each clip member 66 is
generally of Z-shape in side view having a generally vertically
upper flange 74, a generally horizontal mid-portion 76 and a wide
V-shaped lower portion 78. This lower V-portion 78 has an apex 80
that is directed generally toward the edge of the ledge 52 of the
cooktop 50 to serve as a detent member, such that when the surface
unit 10 is lowered onto the recessed ledge 52 of the cooktop 50,
the apex 80 tends to engage the innermost edge of the ledge 52
until additional force causes the clip member to spring away from
the ledge and then the apex to snap back beneath the ledge to serve
as a tight hold-down means.
There is a tendency for the metal casting 16 to contract slightly
from the glass-ceramic plate 12 as the casting solidifies. This
effect can be counterbalanced by providing a pattern of concavities
85 in the glass-surface in the recess 14, as is best seen in the
bottom plan view of FIG. 2. This increases the surface area of
contact between the metal casting and the glass-ceramic plate to
improve the thermal coupling between these two parts. Other
patterns of concavities 85 may be substituted such as a corrugated
surface, a pebbled embossed or textured surface.
Modifications of this invention will occur to those skilled in this
art, therefore, it is to be understood that this invention is not
limited to the particular embodiments disclosed but that it is
intended to cover all modifications which are within the true
spirit and scope of this invention as claimed.
* * * * *