U.S. patent number 3,882,839 [Application Number 05/391,630] was granted by the patent office on 1975-05-13 for capacitive discharge ignition system utilizing a feedback controlled oscillator.
Invention is credited to David P. Ganoung.
United States Patent |
3,882,839 |
Ganoung |
May 13, 1975 |
CAPACITIVE DISCHARGE IGNITION SYSTEM UTILIZING A FEEDBACK
CONTROLLED OSCILLATOR
Abstract
An ignition circuit includes a capacitor, an inductor, an
oscillator, and a semiconductor switch interconnected in a manner
directing the voltage of the inductance of an ignition coil
opposing cessation of current therein onto the capacitor. The
capacitor charge is then directed onto the inductor, which
activates the oscillator by a feedback loop responsive to the
current flowing in the inductor. The oscillator conducts to present
a current flowpath through the inductor to a battery, until the
current reaches a predetermined level, after which the oscillator
is turned off. The flyback voltage in the inductor is thereafter
applied to recharge the capacitor for the next cycle.
Inventors: |
Ganoung; David P. (Albuquerque,
NM) |
Family
ID: |
23547348 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/391,630 |
Filed: |
August 27, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
123/598;
315/209CD; 307/106 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F02P
3/0884 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F02P
3/08 (20060101); F02P 3/00 (20060101); F02p
001/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;123/148CD,148E
;307/108,106 ;315/209 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Myhre; Charles J.
Assistant Examiner: Cox; Ronald B.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Bachand; Richard A.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A capacitor-discharge ignition circuit comprising:
a capacitor,
an inductor,
an ignition coil having a primary winding
a source of direct current potential, and
a unidirectional current passing device,
said primary winding and said source of direct current potential
each being switchably connected in parallel across a winding of
said inductor, and said capacitor being switchably connected in
parallel across said primary winding,
said unidirectional current passing device and said capacitor being
connected in series, the series being connected in parallel with
said winding of said inductor, and being oriented to receive and
store a current maintaining voltage generated in said winding of
said inductor.
2. A capacitor-discharge ignition circuit comprising:
an inductor,
a first unidirectional current passing switch means,
a primary winding of an ignition coil connected in series with said
first unidirectional switch means, to form a first series
circuit,
a second unidirectional current passing switch means,
a direct current voltage source connected in series with said
second unidirectional switch means, to form a second series
circuit,
a capacitor,
a rectifier connected in series with said capacitor, to form a
third series circuit,
trigger means for rendering said first unidirectional current
passing switch means conductive,
and means for controlling the conduction of said second
unidirectional current passing switch means,
said first and said second series circuits being connected in
parallel across a winding of said inductor with said first and
second unidirectional current passing switch means being oriented
such that the voltages applied across said inductor winding by a
flyback voltage of said primary winding and by the voltage of said
direct current voltage source are in the same direction to create a
charging current in said inductor winding,
said third series circuit being connected in parallel with said
inductor winding, said rectifier being oriented to apply a current
maintaining voltage generated in said inductor winding to said
capacitor, to receive and store said current maintaining voltage,
said capacitor also being connected in parallel with said first
series circuit, whereby the operation of said first switch means
applies the voltage on said capacitor across said ignition coil
primary winding to produce a spark producing voltage.
3. The ignition circuit of claim 2 wherein said inductor further
comprises a second winding, one terminal of said second winding
being connected between said capacitor and said rectifier, and said
second winding being electromagnetically coupled to said first
mentioned inductor winding, oriented such that the voltage induced
in said second winding from said current maintaining voltage in
said first mentioned inductor winding reverse biases said
rectifier.
4. The ignition circuit of claim 2 wherein said means for
controlling the conduction of said second unidirectional current
passing switch means renders said second unidirectional switch
means non-conductive when said charging current reaches a
predetermined value.
5. The ignition circuit of claim 2 wherein said means for
controlling the conduction of said second unidirectional current
passing switch means supplies a forward bias to a control terminal
of said second unidirectional switch means in response to said
voltages across said first mentioned inductor winding to render
said second unidirectional switch means conductive.
6. The ignition circuit of claim 1 wherein said trigger means
provides forward biasing pulses to a control terminal of said first
unidirectional switch means, whereby said pulses are in synchronism
with an engine driven element.
7. The ignition circuit of claim 2 wherein said first
unidirectional switch means is a silicon controlled rectifier.
8. The ignition circuit of claim 2 wherein said second
unidirectional switch means is a transistor.
9. The ignition circuit of claim 8 wherein said second
unidirectional switch means further comprises a second rectifier,
said second rectifier being connected in series with a collector
terminal and an emitter terminal of said transistor.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to capacitor discharge ignition systems, and
more particularly to improvements in capacitor discharge ignition
systems including feedback oscillators.
2. Description of the Prior Art
A number of capacitor-discharge electronic ignition circuits are
known. Like most other types of electronic ignition circuits, the
majority of the capacitor-discharge circuits are intended to reduce
maintenance of the ignition system and/or to provide improved
ignition system performance, notably under high load and high speed
operation of the associated combustion engine. An important recent
consideration is the manner in which engine exhaust emission levels
are affected by ignition system characteristics. The
capacitor-discharge ignition circuits, in particular, have
generally been found to be detrimental to pollution levels of newer
cars in spite of advantages shared by no other type of electronic
ignition.
In actual practice, most capacitor-discharge ignition circuits
employ some type of free-running oscillator to charge the
capacitor; however, utilization of a single-shot oscillator can
provide an advantage if the duration of the oscillation may
conveniently be used to time a sub-circuit. Such a sub-circuit can
trigger one or more distinct and significantly delayed auxiliary
ignition sparks during a single combustion cycle thereby
eliminating the increased exhaust emission levels commonly
associated with capacitor-discharge ignition circuits.
One class of single-shot oscillator capacitor-discharge ignition
circuits is exemplified by the disclosures of Walters (U.S. Pat.
No. 3,169,212), Monpetit (U.S. Pat. No. 3,565,048), and Palmer
(U.S. Pat. No. 3,623,466). Aside from more serious drawbacks, this
class of circuits may not normally be adapted to multi-spark
operation because the single oscillation is completely controlled
by the ignition breaker points and consequently only one
oscillation, with the associated single distinct spark, is
available to each combustion cycle.
The circuits advanced by Sasayama (U.S. Pat. No. 3,626,200) employ
feedback to drive the main semiconductor switch of the single-shot
oscillator, so that the breaker points only initiate the single
oscillation. Consequently, these circuits represent another and an
improved class of single-shot oscillator circuits wherein the
oscillation concludes independently of the condition of the breaker
points. Although the objective of these more advanced feedback
driven circuits is superior performance and reduced cost, rather
than adaptability to multi-spark operation, these circuits are in
fact relatively expensive. For example, a conventional free-running
oscillator will commonly employ a pair of power transistors,
whereas a feedback driven oscillator such as that of Sasayama might
employ only one. Nevertheless, the single transistor is usually
more expensive than the combined cost of the pair of ordinarily
used transistors because the discharge subcircuit usually
associated with a free-running oscillator saves the ignition coil
flyback energy and thus allows transistors of significantly lower
current rating to be used.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In light of the above, it is, therefore, an object of the invention
to present an electronic ignition circuit which provides most of
the desirable advantages of known ignition circuits, but at a
relatively low cost.
It is also an object of the invention to provide a
capacitor-discharge ignition circuit which may conveniently and
inexpensively be adapted to multi-spark operation to affect a
recently well-known advantage of ultra-long spark duration.
It is still another object of the invention to provide a
capacitor-discharge ignition circuit which may conveniently and
inexpensively be adapted to multi-ignition coil, multi-trigger
source operation.
It is yet a further object of the invention to provide an ignition
circuit which inherently possesses desirable features not common to
known ignition circuits.
In accordance with the invention in its broad aspect, an ignition
circuit for connection to an ignition coil having a primary winding
is presented. The ignition circuit includes a capacitor, an
inductor, and a rectifier connected in a series loop, and an
oscillator which includes the inductor. The oscillation period of
the oscillator is initiated by a current flow in the inductor,
initiated by the flyback voltage of the ignition coil. During the
oscillation period, a current builds up in the inductor to
thereafter provide a charging voltage to the capacitor for the next
cycle. A semiconductor switch means to control the circuit is
provided in series with the inductor, the switch means and inductor
being in parallel with the capacitor, to apply the voltage across
the capacitor to the primary winding of the ignition coil, which
subsequently applies a current maintaining voltage to the capacitor
of opposite polarity from that of the charging voltage of the
inductor, thereby causing positive feedback to the oscillator to
initiate the oscillation period, after which the charging voltage
upon the inductor is reapplied to the capacitor to recharge it.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawing
wherein,
FIG. 1 is an electrical schematic diagram of an ignition circuit in
accordance with the principles of the invention.
FIG. 2 is an electrical schematic diagram of an ignition circuit
employing a voltage reducing coil in conjunction with the feedback
oscillator, in accordance with the invention.
And FIG. 3 is an electrical schematic diagram of an ignition
circuit illustrating trigger circuit and initial pulse charging for
use in combination with the circuit of FIG. 2.
In the figures of the drawing, like reference numerals are used to
denote like or similar parts.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The present invention employs feedback to drive one main power
transistor in a single-shot oscillator. Since the discharge circuit
of the present invention saves the ignition coil flyback energy, a
distinct cost advantage results. Perhaps more importantly, this
utilization of energy inherently eliminates the problem of its
dissipation. If the flyback energy is not dissipated through longer
spark duration, the solution becomes quite difficult, but short
duration sparks are especially desirable for multi-spark operation.
In actual operation, the present invention is distinguished by the
fact that the single oscillation can be, and preferably is,
initiated by a transfer of the ignition coil flyback energy rather
than by, for example, a condition of the breaker points or other
engine-driven trigger source. The oscillator of the present
invention also preferably includes a novel use of a transformer
that could possibly also be used advantageously in the oscillators
of other ignition circuits.
In addition to multi-spark operation, the present invention is
ideally suited to multi-ignition coil, multi-trigger source
operation. For instance, motorcycle engines commonly employ two or
more ignition systems, that, except for synchronization, are
entirely separate. The single main capacitor and associated
charging oscillator of the present invention may conveniently be
extended to operate such synchronized ignition systems simply by
duplicating the relatively inexpensive triggering and discharge
circuits of the invention. Multi-spark operation provides no
significant advantage for this application because motorcycles do
not usually have lean carburetor calibration or vacuum ignition
timing advance mechanisms.
FIG. 1 shows the circuit forming the basis for the preferred
embodiment of an ignition circuit in accordance with the invention.
The circuit includes a first inductor 10, a diode 11 and the
collector and emitter of a transistor 12 connected in series across
a DC voltage source such as a battery 13. A second inductor 14 is
electromagnetically coupled to the first inductor 10 by a common
core 15, and provides a feedback voltage to the base of the
transistor 12 via a diode 18. The relative inductive polarity of
the second inductor 14 with respect to the first inductor 10 is
indicated by the dots. The rectifiers 11 and 18 prevent the
transistor 12 from being damaged by large reverse voltages. A
rectifier 19 and a capacitor 21 are connected to the first inductor
10 to form a current conducting series loop therewith. A third
series connection of a silicon controlled rectifier 23 and the
primary winding 24 of an ignition coil 25 forms another current
conducting loop with the capacitor 21 as shown. The order of the
rectifier 19 and the capacitor 21 in the second mentioned series
connection may be reversed from that shown in FIG. 1, but such a
reversal is not desirable because it increases the difficulty of
triggering the controlled rectifier 23. Similarly, the order of the
third mentioned series connection is preferred as shown in FIG. 1
to facilitate triggering of the controlled rectifier 23. Also, the
rectifier 19 has alternative positions in the circuit of FIG. 1,
but the position shown facilitates the use of a third inductive
winding, below described.
A similar circuit may be constructed with a p-n-p polarity
transistor replacing the n-p-n transistor 12, but in either case,
the preferred connection requires that the transistor emitter be
connected to the source 13 and the collector be connected to the
main winding 10. The n-p-n polarity of the transistor 12 is
preferred mainly because of its lesser cost.
Finally, the secondary winding 26 of the ignition coil 25 delivers
spark producing voltage to a suitable distribution means 27 or
directly to a spark plug. The trigger shown generally as a block
30, below described in detail, fires the controlled rectifier 23,
and the initial pulse injector, illustrated by box 31, also
described below in detail, momentarily forward biases the
transistor 12 to initially charge the capacitor 21.
In operation, assuming no initial currents in the circuitry, but
assuming a charge being retained on the capacitor 21 by the
rectifier 19 and the controlled rectifier 23, a triggering pulse to
the gate of the controlled rectifier 23 from the trigger 30 will
cause the capacitor 21 to discharge through the primary winding 24
of the ignition coil 25, thereby producing sparking voltage at the
secondary winding 26 for distribution or application to a spark
plug (not shown). After the capacitor 21 is discharged, the flyback
energy of the primary winding 24 will charge the capacitor 21 in a
reverse direction, while simultaneously producing reverse-polarity
voltage in the secondary winding 26. The reverse charge will appear
as a substantial negative potential at the previously positively
charged plate of the capacitor 21, and it will be applied to the
inductor 10 to establish a forward current therein, and also to
establish a forward bias at the base of the transistor 12 via the
inductive coupling of the feedback inductor 14. In addition, the
reverse charge will reverse bias the controlled rectifier 23 from
cathode to anode, thereby rapidly rendering it unconductive. Such
reverse bias will occur, even if the capacitor 21 is not reverse
charged beyond the potential of the battery 13. The forward bias to
the base of the transistor 12 still exists when the transfer of
flyback energy, via the capacitor 21, to the inductor 10 is
complete. The potential of the battery consequently then continues
the increase of the forward current in the inductor 10. At a
predetermined shut-off current level the core 15 saturates thereby
causing the forward bias to the base of the transistor 12 to
vanish. The current in the inductor 10 continues to flow briefly
after the transistor 12 switches off, thus charging the capacitor
21 for a subsequent ignition spark to be delivered upon an
appropriate pulse to the gate of the controlled rectifier 23.
It should be appreciated that unlike present circuits, during the
significant time interval during which current is increasing in the
inductor 10, the absence of forward charge on the capacitor 21
provides protection against unwanted trigger pulses to the gate of
the controlled rectifier 23 which may arise, for instance, from
erratic high-speed operation of the trigger source 30. Another
example of an inherent advantage not common to known ignition
circuits is that, at a predetermined frequency of triggering pulses
to the controlled rectifier 23, the finite oscillation time and
resulting interference between oscillation cycles will cause
erratic, but safe, operation of the ignition circuit, thus
preventing the engine from over-speeding.
Since the transfer of the flyback energy of the ignition coil
primary 24 to the inductor 10 initiates the cycle of events leading
to the forward charging of capacitor 21, the initial pulse injector
31 is needed only to initiate the cycle establishing the first
charge on the capacitor 21, and it can be conveniently integrated
into the trigger circuit 30. The pulse injector 31 can be used to
initiate charging of the inductor 10 for every cycle, but this is
not preferred, since such operation increases the oscillation
duration.
FIG. 2 shows a circuit enabling the use of components, particularly
the transistor 12, having lesser voltage capabilities for
inexpensive fabrication. To provide this lower voltage capability,
a booster winding 33 and an associated rectifier 34 are provided.
The booster and rectifier reduce the charging voltage to which the
transistor 12 is subjected by a factor of n plus 1, where n is the
ratio of the number of turns in the booster winding 33 to the
number of turns in the inductor 10.
FIG. 2 also shows that the terminal of the capacitor 21 which is
referenced to the positive terminal of the battery 13 in FIG. 1 can
alternatively be referenced to the negative terminal, without
significant difference in the operation of the circuit. Similarly,
the cathode of the controlled rectifier 23 may alternatively be
connected to the negative terminal of the source 13 (connection not
shown) either in combination with, or not in combination with, the
alternative referencing of the capacitor 21.
FIG. 3 shows a working circuit according to a preferred embodiment
of the invention. A transistor 36 and associated resistor 37
provides feedback amplification so that a resistor 38 can have a
relatively large value to reduce losses through feedback winding 14
during the transfer of flyback energy if the feedback voltage
should become excessive. A resistor 39 serves to enhance the
operation of the transistor 12. A transistor 40 and associated
resistor 42 and diode 43 operate to prevent any chance of a second
oscillation overcharging the capacitor 21, and to limit the pulse
injection biasing of the power transistor 12 only to initial
charging cycles i.e., when there is no resting charge on the
capacitor 21. A Zener diode 45, resistor 46 and rectifier 48 serve
to apply a reduced voltage to a triggering capacitor 50 through a
resistor 51 and a diode 52. A resistor 49 serves to enhance the
operation of the silicon controlled rectifier 23. The reduced
voltage prevents the capacitor 50 from undesirably triggering the
controlled rectifier 23 when the breaker points 55 are closed and
the potential of the battery 13 varies, for example, upon dimming
the lights or operating an electrical accessory upon the vehicle.
The capacitor 50 and the resistor 57 apply the momentary triggering
and pulse injection voltages simultaneously when the points open,
with the resistor 58 serving to increase the pulse injection
voltage applied through the rectifier 60.
By way of example, typical component values and types which can be
employed in the circuit of FIG. 3 are as follows:
Transistors 12 2N5991 36 MJE200 40 HEP739 Rectifiers 23 2N6240 34
1N4006 800 piv (2 in series) 19) 18) 1N4005 600 piv 43) 11 MR754
400 piv 48) 52) 1N4001 50 piv 60) 45 1N4736 Inductors 25 std.
ignition coil, 12v 10 4.0 mh, less than 0.4 ohms 33 4.5x (turns of
inductor 10), less than 40 ohms 14 1.5x (turns of inductor 10),
less than 100 ohms Resistors 38 1K ohms 37 27 ohms 39 100 ohms 42
47K ohms 49 120K ohms 57 3.3K ohms 46 1K ohms 58 10K ohms 51 10K
ohms Capacitors 21 1.5uF, 600v 50 0.027uF
Although the invention has been described and illustrated with a
certain degree of particularity, it should be understood that the
present disclosure is made by way of example only and that numerous
changes in the arrangement and combination of parts may be resorted
to without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as
hereinafter claimed.
* * * * *