U.S. patent number 3,882,478 [Application Number 05/359,849] was granted by the patent office on 1975-05-06 for gas and smoke alarm.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Malgard Corporation. Invention is credited to John S. Skarman.
United States Patent |
3,882,478 |
Skarman |
May 6, 1975 |
Gas and smoke alarm
Abstract
An alarm has a frame covered by a translucent detachable
U-shaped cover. The frame supports a transformer and an alarm horn.
A post supports a circuit board holding a semiconductor sensor and
the heater for the sensor with a signal lamp in series with the
heater and sensor. Preferably a reset switch and a heat responsive
switch acting as a time delay are in series, with the heat
responsive switch being actuable by a voltage regulating resistor
for the sensor. The cover and frame define a flue open at top and
bottom such that the heat of operation generates updrafts which
induce room air to flow through the alarm.
Inventors: |
Skarman; John S. (Whittier,
CA) |
Assignee: |
Malgard Corporation (Monterey
Park, CA)
|
Family
ID: |
23415547 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/359,849 |
Filed: |
May 14, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
340/628;
340/634 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G08B
17/117 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G08B
17/10 (20060101); G08B 17/117 (20060101); G08b
017/10 () |
Field of
Search: |
;340/237R,237S |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Caldwell; John W.
Assistant Examiner: Myer; Daniel
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Gribble; Wm. Jacquet
Claims
I claim:
1. A gas and smoke alarm comprising a frame, a semiconductor sensor
sensitive to the presence of gas and smoke, a heater for the
semiconductor sensor, a signal lamp in series with the sensor, a
power source electrically connected to the sensor through the lamp,
an alarm horn connected to the power source across the sensor, a
reset circuit adapted to restore pre-alarm discontinuity to the
horn, means for adjusting the sensitivity setting of the
semiconductor sensor; said sensor, heater, lamp and horn being
secured to said frame; a cover for the frame, and a heat flue
defined by the cover and the frame, said heat flue opening upon at
least one of said heater, lamp and semiconductor sensor so as to
induce convection flow in the flue for sampling ambient
atmosphere.
2. Apparatus in accordance with claim 1 further comprising a
central post supported on the frame; a circuitry board secured to
the post and holding said sensor, lamp and heater; and means on the
post securing the cover at an interval from the frame.
3. Apparatus in accordance with claim 1 wherein said frame
comprises parallel end pieces spaced from the cover, spaced central
ribs parallel to the end pieces, a back panel connecting the end
pieces and the ribs, and a bridge between the ribs intermediate the
back panel and the cover adapted to support the central post.
4. Apparatus in accordance with claim 3 wherein the cover comprises
a front panel secured to the post, and parallel spaced sides
surrounding the frame and extending at least between frame end
pieces.
5. Apparatus in accordance with claim 1 wherein said cover is light
permeable in the area of the lamp.
6. Apparatus in accordance with claim 1 further comprising time
delay means in series with said reset switch in the power circuit
for the alarm horn.
7. A gas and smoke sensitive alarm for use with an exterior power
source and comprising a frame adapted to mount to a wall, an alarm
horn fixed to the frame, a transformer fixed to the frame, a gas
and smoke sensor, a signal lamp, a voltage regulating resistor for
the sensor, electrical means linking the transformer, lamp and
sensor with the horn, said transformer being electrically connected
to the sensor through the lamp; means for adjusting the sensitivity
setting of the sensor, a reset switch electrically interposed
between horn and sensor, time delay means in parallel with the
reset switch responsive to the heat condition of the regulating
resistor for the sensor, a printed circuit board supporting the
lamp, resistor and sensor; a cover for the frame, means supporting
both the circuit board and the cover from the frame, and a heat
flue defined by the cover and the frame, said heat flue being open
to said regulating resistor, lamp and sensor.
8. Apparatus in accordance with claim 7 wherein the time delay
means comprises a heat sensitive switch that is normally closed
cold, and a heat transfer means in contact with the switch and
intervening between the switch and said heat resistor for the
sensor.
9. Apparatus in accordance with claim 8 further comprising a
central post supported on the frame; a circuitry board secured to
the post and holding the sensor, lamp and heater; and means on the
post securing the cover at an interval from the frame.
10. Apparatus in accordance with claim 8 wherein said frame
comprises parallel end pieces spaced from the cover spaced central
ribs parallel to the end pieces, a back panel connecting the end
pieces and the ribs, and a bridge between the ribs intermediate the
back panel and the cover adapted to support the central post.
11. Apparatus in accordance with claim 8 wherein the cover
comprises a front panel secured to the post, and parallel spaced
sides surrounding the frame and extending at least between frame
end pieces.
12. Apparatus in accordance with claim 8 wherein the cover is light
permeable in the area adjacent the lamp.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to gas and smoke sensor alarms such as those
used in fixed and mobile dwellings and in commercial establishments
wherein smoke is an early indication of fire and where poisonous or
noxious gases can be encountered. One of the problems with such
alarms is cost. Sensitivity can be achieved at a high cost and in a
compact package with conventional devices. However, the instant
invention provides a gas and smoke sensor alarm of controlled
sensitivity and extreme reliability at a cost substantially below
that of alarms of comparable quality. Known components are combined
in unique fashion to achieve the alarm of the invention.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention contemplates a gas and smoke sensor alarm that
comprises a semiconductor sensor sensitive to the presence of gas
and smoke, a heater for the sensor and a signal lamp in series with
the heater and sensor. An alarm horn deriving power from a source
also connecting to the sensor through the lamp is carried by a
frame. The frame combines with a U-shaped cover to define a heat
flue to which the heater and sensor are proximate. The cover may be
translucent. Preferably the circuit includes a reset switch in
parallel with a heat responsive switch which is part of a time
delay mechanism. The heat responsive switch is associated with the
voltage regulating resistor for the sensor such that the reset
button cutting off the horn is inoperative after the sensor heater
reaches operating temperature.
These and other advantages of the invention are apparent from the
following detailed description and drawing.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a side elevation, partly in section, of the alarm of the
invention;
FIG. 2 is a front elevation, with the cover removed, of the alarm
of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the electrical components of the
alarm; and
FIG. 4 is a fragmentary elevational detail of the time delay
assembly in the reset circuit.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
As seen in FIGS. 1 and 2, the gas and smoke sensor alarm 10 has a
frame 11 suitable for mounting the alarm to a wall or other support
surface. The frame has a back panel 12 with two discontinuous
segments 12A and 12B. Each segment has an end piece, 14 and 15,
respectively. The end pieces are substantially parallel. A pair of
spaced central ribs 16, 16A and an integral bridge 17 connect the
back panel segments 12A, 12B.
A 12-volt transformer 18 and an alarm horn 19 are fixed
respectively to panel segments 12A and 12B. Electrical control
components of the alarm are supported from bridge 17. A threaded
central post 21 is secured to the bridge by nuts 22, 22A on either
side of the bridge. A circuit board 24 is secured to the post and
bridge by the nut 22A. A spacer 25 separates the board from the
bridge, to adjust sensor position.
Remote from the bridge, central post 21 supports a U-shaped cover
27 secured to the post by a pair of nuts 28. The cover has a front
face 31 and parallel spaced sides 32, 33 which extend from the
front face to approximately even with back panel 12 of frame
11.
End pieces 14, 15 of the frame extend from the back panel a lesser
distance than do the parallel sides 32, 33 of the cover, such that
the open ends of the cover are not completely closed. A vertical
passageway indicated by the arrows is thus defined between the
frame and the front face of the cover.
As can be seen from FIG. 1, a semiconductor sensor 34, a signal
lamp 35 and a heating resistor 36, all of which give off heat
during operation, are proximate the flue indicated by the vertical
arrows. Thus, while the alarm of the invention is in operation, air
flow is induced by the alarm component heat rise and air from the
room is continuously drawn through the flue past the semiconductor
sensor such that the room is sampled continuously during the
operation of the alarm.
As inspection of FIGS. 1 and 2 shows, end piece 15 of the frame
mounts a reset switch 41 and an A.C. power cord 42, which is the
source of supply to the transformer. A grommet 43 secures the cord
in the end piece.
Preferably the transformer is similar to one marketed under the
name "Calrad" Model 45-729. As can be seen from the schematic
diagram of FIG. 3, the secondary coil of the transformer has a lead
44 to one contact of the horn through a diode 58. The other side of
the secondary coil connects by a lead 45 is parallel with the
sensor, a sensitivity potentiometer 46, a C.sub.2 capacitor 47, a
normally closed heat-responsive switch 48 and a reset switch 41, to
a silicon controlled rectifier 51 which is in series with the other
contact of the horn. The SCR.sub.1 diode 51 is similar to a General
Electric Model 106B1, while the simple diode 58 may be an
IN4001.
The center tap of the secondary coil connects the R.sub.1 heating
resistor 36 and the sensor 34. The sensor is connected to the horn
through the CR.sub.2 diode 53, the potentiometer 46 and R.sub.2
resistor 54. The other contact of the heat-responsive switch 48 is
to-connected with the silicon controlled rectifier 51 through lead
56 parallel with capacitor 47. Lead 44 from the secondary coil
connects through a CR.sub.1 diode 58 to the horn and to a C.sub.1
capacitor 59 in parallel with the horn 19.
A trim potentiometer 46 between the CR.sub.2 and CR.sub.1 diodes
may be adjusted to set the sensitivity of the sensor. Normally the
sensor is calibrated with reference to a mixture of 0.1% iso-butane
in argon, and set to trigger the alarm horn when smoke
concentration reaches 2 to 4%, a generally accepted danger level.
It has been found that a Taguchi 105 semiconductor sensor that
changes conductivity with dioxidation of a sensing surface in
response to the presence of gas or smoke operates with great
efficiency. A representative parts list is as follows:
Transformer (18) Calrad Model 45-729
Cr.sub.1 and CR.sub.2 Diodes (53, 58) IN4001
R.sub.1 resistor (36) 18mu - 2W 10%
R.sub.2 resistor (54) 470 mu - 1/4W 5%
R.sub.3 resistor (46) 2.5K Bourns
C.sub.1 capacitor (59) 250 mfd 15V. Mallory Electric
C.sub.2 capacitor (47) 50 mfd 15V Mallory Electric
Horn: Midi Horn 122 6V.D.C. (19)
Light (35) GE No. 51
The apparatus of the invention has a reset button 41 in the horn
circuit. Normally the button, after a service interruption, must be
held depressed for a long interval in order for the heater 63 of
the sensor 34 to warm to operating temperature so conductivity is
reestablished so that the reset mechanism may work. Conventionally
a complicated, expensive time delay mechanism is employed for the
warm-up period. The embodiment illustrated employs instead a unique
combination of inexpensive parts, including integral parts of the
device, to effect a time delay, at a minimum cost.
Adjacent the heating resistor 36 the alarm of the invention mounts
a heat sensitive switch 48 of conventional design, normally closed
when cold. Intervening between resistor and switch is a disc or
wafer 61 of ceramic, with a thickness calibrated in terms of heat
transfer commensurate with the warm-up period of the sensor 34 from
the heater 36. Thus, the switch opens when resistor heat sufficient
to actuate it penetrates the disc, effectuating the reset circuit.
A time delay in the reset circuit is thus established conveniently
and economically. The disc may comprise an epoxy bonding layer.
It can be observed that the signal lamp 35 is in series with the
sensor heater 63. When there is flow through sensor 34 current will
flow in the lamp. The signal lamp, therefore, indicates an
operating sensor, not just a supply of current available. Also,
since the sensor, lamp and heater resistor are adjacent the flue
established by the frame and cover, heat generated by their
functions induces a draft in the alarm that draws room air past the
sensor in an effective room monitoring pattern.
The invention disclosed herein is not restricted to the
illustrative embodiments shown and described. Other modifications
within the scope of the invention will occur to those skilled in
this art. For instance, proper selection of heat sensitive switch
components may obviate need of the ceramic disc. It is therefore
desired that the invention be measured by the appended claims
rather than by the illustrative disclosure herein.
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