U.S. patent number 3,881,446 [Application Number 05/434,114] was granted by the patent office on 1975-05-06 for magnetic brush developing apparatus.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Minolta Camera Kabushiki Kaisha. Invention is credited to Takao Fujiwara, Takaji Kurita.
United States Patent |
3,881,446 |
Kurita , et al. |
May 6, 1975 |
Magnetic brush developing apparatus
Abstract
An efficient magnetic brush developing apparatus for the
development of an electrostatic latent image which generally
comprises a housing with an opening adjacent to a photoreceptor
surface, a magnetic brush developing roller, a toner powder
dispenser, and a rotatable vaned cylinder with a plurality of
outwardly extending vanes forming buckets for transporting
developer material, the mixing and diffusion for the developer
material being carried out during the rotation of the vaned
cylinder without causing the fatigue of developer material, and
thus uneven density of the developed image being eliminated.
Inventors: |
Kurita; Takaji (Kawachinagano,
Osaka, JA), Fujiwara; Takao (Sakai, Osaka,
JA) |
Assignee: |
Minolta Camera Kabushiki Kaisha
(Osaka, JA)
|
Family
ID: |
11759152 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/434,114 |
Filed: |
January 17, 1974 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
|
|
|
|
|
Jan 25, 1973 [JA] |
|
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48-10756 |
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
399/254; 399/269;
399/279 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G03G
15/09 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G03G
15/09 (20060101); G03g 013/08 () |
Field of
Search: |
;118/637,104 ;355/15
;117/17.5 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Stein; Mervin
Assistant Examiner: Salser; Douglas
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Wenderoth, Lind & Ponack
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A magnetic brush developing apparatus for developing an
electrostatic latent image which comprises a housing structure with
an opening adjacent to a photoreceptor surface, a magnetic brush
developing roller provided at the lower part of said housing and
adjacent to said photoreceptor surface, a toner powder supplying
means provided above said developing roller, a vaned cylinder
having a plurality of outwardly extending vanes which form buckets
for transporting developer material rotatably provided close to the
surface of said developing roller and a used developer material
sump provided under said vaned cylinder, the majority of developer
material on said developer roller being scraped off by vane tips of
said vaned cylinder, carried upward in said buckets, and
subsequently emptied into said used developer sump for mixing and
diffusing of said developer material as said vaned cylinder
rotates.
2. A magnetic brush developing apparatus as claimed in claim 1,
which further comprises a developer material sump provided under
said used developer material sump and said developing roller, and
also a slit adjusting plate movably attached to the underside of
said used developer material sump for adjusting the width of a slit
between said used developer material sump and said developer
material sump.
3. A magnetic brush developing apparatus as claimed in claim 1,
further comprising a second developing roller below said
firstmentioned developing roller, said developing rollers rotating
in the same direction.
4. A magnetic brush developing apparatus as claimed in claim 1,
further comprising a magnetic brush bristle tip adjusting plate
provided under and close to said developing roller.
5. A magnetic brush developing apparatus for developing an
electrostatic latent image which comprises a housing structure with
an opening adjacent to a photoreceptor surface, an upper developing
roller and a lower developing roller in said housing structure in
parallel to each other and close to said photoreceptor surface, a
vaned cylinder having a plurality of outwardly extending vanes
which form buckets for transporting developer material rotatably
provided above said lower developing roller and also close to said
upper developing roller, a toner supplying means provided over said
vaned cylinder, and a used developer material sump provided under
said vaned cylinder, the majority of developer material on said
lower developing roller being scraped off by vane tips of said
vaned cylinder and carried upward in said buckets being
subsequently emptied into said used developer sump for mixing and
diffusion with the remaining part of said developer material in
said buckets being supplied onto said upper developing roller as
said vaned cylinder rotates.
6. A magnetic brush developing apparatus as claimed in claim 5,
which further comprises a developer material sump provided under
said lower developing roller and a slit adjusting plate movably
attached to the underside of said used developer material sump for
adjusting the width of a slit between said used developer material
sump and said developer material sump.
7. A magnetic brush developing apparatus as claimed in claim 5,
wherein a magnetic brush bristle tip adjusting plate is provided
under and close to said lower developing roller.
Description
The present invention relates to a developing apparatus and, more
particularly, to improvements in a magnetic brush developing
apparatus wherein a developer material comprising a magnetizable
carrier and toner is adhered magnetically to the surface of a
developing roller, the tips of magnetic brush bristles being
rubbed, at a developing position, against an electrostatic latent
image bearing surface of a photoreceptor to be developed thereby
effecting the development thereof.
According to a conventional developing apparatus of a similar
character, developer material is stored in the bottom of the
apparatus, while an adjusting plate for adjusting the tips of
magnetic brush bristles, a cleaning plate for cleaning the used
developer material, a toner supplying means, a developer material
stirrer, etc. are arranged near a developer material storing
portion.
Accordingly, heat has been produced particularly in the portions
such as the bristle tip adjusting plate, the cleaning plate, the
developer material stirrer, etc. through the rotation of the
developing roller and the developer material stirrer, resulting in
the fatigue of the developer material. Especially, the fatigue of
the developer material tends to increase with an increase of the
number of revolutions of the developing roller. The fatigue of the
developer material results in insufficient image density of the
copies obtained even when the frequency of toner replenishment is
increased also bringing about deterioration of the latent
image-bearing photosensitive surface of the photoreceptor.
On the other hand, a drastic decrease of the number of rotations of
the developing roller to relieve the fatigue of the developer
material will give rise to the deterioration of image density of
the copies to be obtained resulting in frequent uneven
developments.
In the conventional developing apparatus of the above construction,
it is sometimes difficult to carry out efficient mixing of the
developer material only by the developer material stirrer provided
in the storing portion for the developer material, the toner
supplied to the magnetic brush bristles not being uniform in some
cases with resultant uneven density of the image in
development.
Therefore, in order to overcome the disadvantages inherent in the
above-mentioned apparatus, a magnetic brush developing apparatus
has been proposed wherein the developer material stored in the
bottom is transported upwards by means of a developer conveyor
comprising a belt and a plurality of buckets, with a toner
supplying means positioned in the transporting path thereof, the
developer material to be supplied being adapted to fall on the
developing roller to effect the mixing and diffusing operation of
the toner and the carrier material.
However, the above apparatus also has such disadvantages that
although the fatigue of the developer material arising from the
rotation of the developing roller is reduced by the considerable
distance between the developing roller and the developer material
storing portion the intermittent supply of the developer material
to the developing roller effected by the falling of the developer
material from each of the conveyer buckets tends to cause uneven
supply of developer material and consequent unevenness in the
developing density unless the developer conveyer is driven at high
speeds.
Accordingly, an essential object of the present invention is to
provide a magnetic brush developing apparatus which provides copies
without uneven density of the developed image even at high speed
development with substantial elimination of the disadvantages
inherent in the conventional developing apparatus.
Another important object of the present invention is to provide a
magnetic brush developing apparatus which provides stable density
of developer material through sufficient mixing and diffusion of
the developer material during transit in the apparatus with minimum
fatigue of the developer material.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the
magnetic brush developing apparatus comprises a housing with an
opening adjacent to a conventional photoreceptor surface, a
magnetic brush developing roller provided at the lower part of the
housing close to the opening of the housing and adjacent to the
photoreceptor surface bearing an electrostatic latent image to be
developed, a magnetic brush bristle tip adjusting plate provided
under and close to the developing roller between the developing
roller and the photoreceptor surface, a developer material sump
provided under the developing roller, a toner powder dispenser
provided above the developing roller to supply the toner, a vaned
cylinder having a plurality of vanes forming buckets for conveying
developer material rotatably provided above and close to the
surface of the developing roller, a used developer material sump
provided under the vaned cylinder and a slit adjusting plate
movably attached to the underside of the used developer material
sump close to the surface of the developing roller so as to adjust
the width of a slit between the developing roller and the used
developer material sump, the magnetic brush developing roller
further comprising an outer cylinder of non-magnetic material
within which elongated bar magnets for the formation of magnetic
brush bristles are rigidly fixed on a fixed metallic fixture with
the outer cylinder adapted to rotate counter-clockwise in relation
to the fixed metallic fixture.
In the above construction of the magnetic brush developing
apparatus according to the present invention, one of the most
essential features resides in that the mixing and diffusion of the
developer material is carried out while the vaned cylinder having a
plurality of buckets formed by vanes rotates as a developer
conveyer, requiring no separate stirrer for the developing material
which will generate heat by consuming electric power, with
consequent reduction of the fatigue of the developer material, and
also in that, since the tips of the vanes of the vaned cylinder
serve as cleaning plates for scraping the used developer material
off the surface of the developing roller, it is not necessary to
provide separate cleaning plates as in a conventional apparatus,
thus eliminating the possibility of the developer material
accumulating on the cleaning plates generating heat which results
in the fatigue of the developer material.
Furthermore, the provision of the slit adjusting plate to adjust
the width of the slit between the developing roller and the edge of
the used developer material sump is effective because the amount of
the developer material to be supplied to the developing roller is
adjusted by the slit adjusting plate, and at the brush bristle tip
adjusting plate, only slight stroking of the tips of the magnetic
brush bristles by the adjusting plate is sufficient for the tip
adjusting purpose with minimum heat being generated thereby.
These and other objects and features of the present invention will
become apparent from the following description taken in conjunction
with the preferred embodiment thereof with reference to the
accompanying drawings, in which;
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a sectional side view of a
magnetic brush developing apparatus according to an embodiment of
the present invention,
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a sectional side view of a
magnetic brush developing apparatus according to a second
embodiment of the present invention, and
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a sectional side view of a
magnetic brush developing apparatus according to a third embodiment
of the present invention.
Before the description of the present invention proceeds, it is to
be noted that like parts are designated by like reference numbers
throughout the several views of the accompanying drawings.
Referring now to FIG. 1, the magnetic brush developing apparatus
which extends the width of a known photosensitive photoreceptor 10
of an electrostatic copying machine generally comprises a housing H
having an opening Ha adjacent to the photoreceptor 10, a magnetic
brush developing roller 1 located at the lower part of the housing
H close to the opening Ha, a toner powder dispenser 11 provided
above the developing roller 1 and a vaned cylinder 14 also provided
above the developing roller 1. The photosensitive photoreceptor 10
is a known device driven by conventional means.
The magnetic brush developing roller 1 further comprises an outer
cylinder 8 of non-magnetic material which extends the width of the
housing H and within which elongated bar magnets 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7
extending nearly the entire length of the outer cylinder 8 are
rigidly secured on a fixed metallic fixture 2, the outer cylinder 8
being adapted to rotate counter-clockwise in relation to the fixed
metallic fixture 2.
A brush 12 made of resilient fibers connected to a conventional
driving means such as a motor (not shown) is rotatably provided at
the lower part of a toner powder box 11a of the toner powder
dispenser 11 immediately above a hole 13 formed at the bottom of
the toner box 11a so as to apply a fixed amount of toner power
continuously over the developing roller 1. The vaned cylinder 14
also connected to a suitable driving means (not shown) has a
plurality of vanes 15 outwardly, almost tangentially extending from
the surface of the cylinder 14 with the tips of the vanes 15
located close to the surface of the developing roller 1, each space
between the vanes 15 forming a bucket 16 for cleaning and carrying
used developer material form the developing roller 1.
A sump portion 17 for the used developer material is provided in
the housing H immediately below and close to the vaned cylinder 14,
and a slit adjusting plate 18 is movably attached to the underside
of the sump portion 17 close to the developing roller 1 so as to
adjust the width of a slit A between the developing roller 1 and
the edge of the sump portion 17, thus making the amount of
developer material to be fed to a developing position B by the
developing roller 1 equal to that to be applied to the developing
roller 1 through the slit A by the rotation of the vaned cylinder
14.
A developer material sump 19 for supplying developer material to
the developing roller 1 is provided at the bottom of the housing H
immediately below and close to the developing roller 1, and an
adjusting plate 9 for adjusting the tips of magnetic brush bristles
formed on the developing roller 1 by the magnetic force from the
magnets 3 and 4 is also provided under and close to the right of
the developing roller 1 between the developing roller 1 and the
photoreceptor 10.
By this arrangement, the developer material composed of a
magnetizable carrier material and an electroscopic toner power
supplied to the developer material sump 19 is attracted to the
surface of the outer cylinder 8 of the developing roller 1 by the
attraction of the magnet 3, forming magentic brush bristles
radially outwardly extending from the surface of the outer cylinder
8, the brush bristles of developer material subsequently attracted
by the magnets 4 and 5 being transferred to the developing position
B as the developing roller 1 rotates and thus development of the
latent image on the photoreceptor 10 being effected in a known
manner.
It should be noted here that the bristle tip adjusting plate 9 is
adapted to adjust the tips of the magnetic brush bristles formed by
the magnets 3 and 4 to such an extent that the tips are slightly
longer than the distance between the developing roller 1 and the
latent image-bearing surface of the photoreceptor 10.
After the developing operation has been completed, the used
developing material is gradually delivered upwardly with the
rotation of the developing roller 1 by the action of the magnets 5,
6 and 7, while the toner is supplied from the toner powder
dispenser 11, at the position of the magnet 7. Thereafter, the
majority of the supplied toner scraped off by the vanes 15 with the
rotation of the developing roller 1 and the vaned cylinder 14
enters the buckets 16 formed by the vanes 15, and is carried
upwards. At about every half turn of the vaned cylinder 14, the
mouths of approximately half of the buckets face downward, emptying
the content onto the sump 17. At this time, an effective mixing and
diffusion operation between the toner and the carrier is performed.
Thereafter, the developer material in the sump portion 17 falls
onto the developer material sump 19 successively through the slit
A, which is adjusted by means of the slit adjusting plate 18, with
the counter-clockwise rotation of the vaned cylinder 14, thus the
mixing and diffusion operation between the toner and the carrier
being conducted again, with the developer material kept in the sump
19 in a sufficiently stirred condition. A similar action is
subsequently repeated.
The slit A does not have to be necessarily located between the
developing roller 1 and the vaned cylinder 14, but it may be
located, for example, at any place along the bottom of the sump
17.
As described in detail hereinbefore, according to the first
embodiment of the present invention, no separate stirrer is
required for stirring the developer material, since the stirring
thereof is effected by the rotation of the vaned cylinder 14.
Consequently, since the consumption of electric power, or the heat
produced resulting from the stirring action is almost negligible,
the fatigue of the developer material is greatly reduced. As the
rotating buckets formed by the vanes 15 carry out not only the
cleaning and conveying, but also the storing of the developer
material the replenishment of the developer material to the
developing roller 1 is effected properly. Furthermore, since all
the developer material is mixed and diffused, while falling down,
the stirring efficiency thereof is highly satisfactory, whereby, a
stabilized density of developer material can be obtained. In the
second embodiment of the present invention described later, the
same advantage as described above can also be obtained.
In the developing apparatus according to the present invention as
the used developer material is scraped off the surface of the
developing roller 1 as the vanes 15 of the vaned cylinder 14
rotate, without requiring any other cleaning plates, efficient
operation of the developing apparatus can be expected with minimum
fatigue of the developer material as compared with the conventional
developing apparatus in which a fixed cleaning plate is adopted
with the possibility of the developer material which has
accumulated on the cleaning plate generating heat.
Furthermore, in the developing apparatus according to the present
invention, since the width of the slit A between the developing
roller 1 and the edge of the sump 17 can be varied by moving the
slit adjusting plate 18 to adjust the amount of the developer
material to be supplied to the developing roller 1, slight stroking
of the tips of the magnetic brush bristles by the adjusting-plate 9
is sufficient for the purpose with minimum heat being generated
thereby.
Referring now to FIG. 2 showing the second embodiment of the
present invention, two developing rollers 1' and 1 closely located
in parallel to each other close to the surface of the photoreceptor
10 at the developing position B are employed, each of which is
adapted to rotate in the same direction. In this case, the vaned
cylinder 14 is on the left close to and slightly above the upper
developing roller 1' in the same manner as in FIG. 1, while the
lower developing roller 1 is provided below the vaned cylinder 14.
The developing rollers 1' and 1 comprise outer cylinders 8' and 8
respectively within which three elongated bar magnets 3', 5' and 7'
for the roller 1' and two elongated bar magnets 3 and 5 for the
roller 1 are secured on the fixed metallic fixtures 2' and 2, each
of the outer cylinders 8' and 8 being adapted to rotate
counter-clockwise in relation to the fixed metallic fixtures 2' and
2 respectively. As the function of the developing apparatus is
similar to that in the first embodiment, the description thereof is
abbreviated for brevity.
Referring now to FIG. 3 showing the third embodiment of the present
invention, two developing rollers 1' and 1 closely located in
parallel to each other close to the surface of the photoreceptor 10
at the developing position B are employed, but the rollers 1' and 1
are adapted to rotate in opposite directions. The vaned cylinder 14
is on the left close to and between the lower roller 1 and the
upper roller 1' and the toner powder dispenser 11 is located above
the vaned cylinder 14. The developing rollers 1 and 1' comprise
outer cylinders 8 and 8' respectively within which three elongated
bar magnets 3, 5 and 7 for the roller 1 and two elongated bar
magnets 20 and 21 for the roller 1' are secured on the fixed
metallic fixtures 2 and 2', the outer cylinder 8 being adapted to
rotate counter-clockwise and the outer cylinder 8' clockwise in
relation to the fixtures 2 and 2' respectively.
It should be noted here that the direction of rotation for the
vaned cylinder 14 is opposite to that for the developing roller
1.
As the vaned cylinder 14 rotates, the used developer material on
the surface of the lower developing roller 1 is scraped off by the
tips of the vanes 15, accumulated on the sump 17 and subsequently
carried by the buckets 16 formed by the vanes 15, during which time
part of the developer material falls into the sump 19, thoroughly
mixed and diffused during falling, through the slit A adjustable by
means of the slit adjusting plate 18, while the developer material
remaining in the buckets 16 is supplied to the upper developing
roller 1'.
The toner powder is supplied to the buckets 16 formed by the vanes
15 on the vaned cylinder 14 by means of the toner powder dispenser
11, the amount of toner being adjusted by the slit adjusting plate
18 movably attached to the underside of the sump 17 at the edge
thereof opposite to the lower developing roller 1. On the other
hand, the amount of toner to be supplied to the upper developing
roller 1' is adjusted by the distance between the vaned cylinder 14
and the developing roller 1' and also by the location and magnetic
field strength of the magnet 20 for developer material
attraction.
It should be noted here that in the upper developing roller 1', the
developer material carried by the buckets 16 formed by the vanes 15
of the vaned cylinder 14 is attracted by the magnet 20 and then
forwarded to the main magnet 21 where magnetic brush bristles are
formed for the first development of the latent image on the
photoreceptor 10, while the lower developing roller 1 carries out
the development in the same manner as in FIG. 1.
As described hereinabove, according to the third embodiment of the
present invention the rotating buckets formed by the vanes on the
vane cylinder carry out not only the cleaning and transporting
operation of the used developer material, but also the storing
operation of the developer material, so that the developer material
is supplied smoothly to the developing rollers with all the
supplied developer material sufficiently mixed and diffused during
falling, through the slit A, thus resulting in a stabilized density
of the developer material. Carrying out the developing operation at
two places by means of two developing rollers allows extremely
clear and vivid picture images to be obtained even in a high speed
developing operation.
Although the present invention has been fully described by way of
example with reference to the attached drawings, it is to be noted
that various changes and modifications will be apparent to those
skilled in the art. For example, the slit A in FIG. 3 which is
described as provided at the edge of the used developer material
sump opposite to the lower developing roller may be provided at the
bottom portion of the sump. Therefore, unless otherwise such
charges and modifications depart from the scope of the present
invention, they should be construed as included therein.
* * * * *