U.S. patent number 3,880,193 [Application Number 05/440,513] was granted by the patent office on 1975-04-29 for surge absorber for cryogenic fluids.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Hydril Company. Invention is credited to George E. Lewis.
United States Patent |
3,880,193 |
Lewis |
April 29, 1975 |
SURGE ABSORBER FOR CRYOGENIC FLUIDS
Abstract
A surge absorber for cryogenic fluids comprises A. a first
container for containing pressurized gas, and B. a second container
to receive surging cryogenic liquid via an inlet to the second
container, the upper interior of the second container being in open
communication with the interior of the first container so that gas
in the first container is increasingly pressurized as cryogenic
liquid is received into the second container.
Inventors: |
Lewis; George E. (Arcadia,
CA) |
Assignee: |
Hydril Company (Los Angeles,
CA)
|
Family
ID: |
23749052 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/440,513 |
Filed: |
February 7, 1974 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
138/26; 62/50.7;
62/46.1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F16L
55/045 (20130101); F16L 55/04 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F16L
55/045 (20060101); F16L 55/04 (20060101); F16l
055/04 () |
Field of
Search: |
;62/45,52,53,55,514
;159/2R,3,4E ;138/26 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Perlin; Meyer
Assistant Examiner: Capossela; Ronald C.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Haefliger; William W.
Claims
I claim:
1. In a surge absorber for cryogenic fluids,
a. a first container for containing pressurized gas, and
b. a second container to receive surging cryogenic liquid via an
inlet to the second container, said inlet located near the bottom
of the second container and there being a cryogenic liquid inlet
pipe passing through the wall of the first container near the
bottom thereof to terminate proximate said inlet, the upper
interior of the second container being in open communication with
the interior of the first container so that gas in the first
container is increasingly pressurized as cryogenic liquid is
received into the second container, the second container extending
into the first container, the two containers having annular
upstanding walls which are substantially everywhere closely spaced
apart.
2. The absorber of claim 1 wherein the containers are vertically
elongated and there are insulative spacers located between the
walls of the two containers.
3. The absorber of claim 2 including a baffle within the second
container to impede the flow of cryogenic liquid entering the
second container.
4. The absorber of claim 2 including an electric heater proximate
the lower extent of the second container for transferring heat to
incoming cryogenic liquid to vaporize a portion thereof, thereby to
assure the presence of said gas in the first container and within
the upper interior of the second container above the surface level
of cryogenic liquid received into the second container.
5. The absorber of claim 4 including a thermostat located to sense
the presence of said incoming cryogenic liquid and operatively
connected with said electric heater to activate the electric heater
in response to said sensing.
6. The absorber of claim 1 including a main conduit for said liquid
and having a side port in communication with said inlet.
7. The absorber of claim 6 including said liquid in said main
conduit and in said second container, and said gas in the first
container.
8. The absorber of claim 7 wherein said gas consists of a
hydrocarbon gas, and said liquid consists of said gas in liquified
state.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates generally to surge absorbers, and more
particularly concerns surge absorbers for cryogenic liquids.
Hydro-pneumatic accumulators have been used on liquid transporting
lines to reduce the water hammer produced by sudden closure of
valves. These units, usually of the separator type having a
diaphragm or floating piston to separate the fluid and gas volumes,
are quite satisfactory as long as the operating temperature is
moderate and relatively constant. When operating a cryogenic line,
the temperature in the surge absorber may vary from plus
60.degree.F to minus 260.degree.F in as little as 7 seconds. This
represents a very severe thermal shock on the pressure vessel.
To my knowledge, no way was known prior to the present invention,
to eliminate the thermal shock problem, and particularly in the
unusually advantageous manner as now afforded by the present
invention.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is a major object of the invention to provide a cryogenic fluid
surge absorber overcoming the above described problem. Basically,
it comprises:
A. A FIRST CONTAINER FOR CONTAINING PRESSURIZED GAS, AND
B. A SECOND CONTAINER TO RECEIVE SURGING CRYOGENIC LIQUID VIA AN
INLET TO THE SECOND CONTAINER, THE UPPER INTERIOR OF THE SECOND
CONTAINER BEING IN OPEN COMMUNICATION WITH THE INTERIOR OF THE
FIRST CONTAINER SO THAT GAS IN THE FIRST CONTAINER IS INCREASINGLY
PRESSURIZED AS CRYOGENIC LIQUID IS RECEIVED INTO THE SECOND
CONTAINER.
As will appear, the second container preferably extends into or
within the first container; the two containers have spaced walls to
allow reception of gas into the interwall space, and the liquid
thus being confined within the inner or second container. Further,
a heater may be provided to heat and vaporize a portion of the
liquid rising into the second container to assure the presence of a
gas cushion in the first or outer container, and a thermostat may
be located to sense the incoming cryogenic liquid so as to activate
the heater. Further, a surge of cryogenic liquid rising into the
second container may be baffled to prevent displacement of liquid
into the gas space between the two containers.
These and other objects and advantages of the invention, as well as
the details of an illustrative embodiment, will be more fully
understood from the following description with reference to the
drawing.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The illustrated surge absorber 10 for cryogenic fluid comprises a
first container, as for example upright elongated shell 11, for
containing pressurized gas, and a second container, as for example
upright elongated shell 12. As referred to, the second container is
located to receive surging cryogenic liquid via an inlet 13, the
upper interior 14 of the second container being in open
communication with the interior 15 of the first container so that
gas in the first container is increasingly pressurized as cryogenic
liquid is received into the second container. An extremely compact
unit may be provided wherein the second container extends into the
first container as shown, with the two containers having annular
walls which are closely spaced apart, the gas in the first
container then filling the space 16 between the walls and
insulating the liquid receiving portion of the second container
from the wall of the first container.
Typically, the cryogenic liquid may consist of a hydrocarbon gas
such as liquified natural gas; the inner shell 12 need not comprise
a pressure vessel and may consist of material such as aluminum or
stainless steel capable of withstanding thermal shock; and the
outer pressure containing vessel or shell 11 may consist of steel
plate capable of safe operation in the temperature range
-20.degree. to 650.degree. F.
The inlet 13 is preferably located proximate the lowermost extent
of the second container 12, and is shown as connected, via
insulated branch pipe 17, with a pipe 18 such as insulated main
conduit having a side port 19. The surge absorber 10, mounted via
legs 20 on a base 21, functions to absorb surges in the cryogenic
fluid or liquid in pipe 18 by converting the kinetic energy of the
moving fluid into stored potential energy by compression of the gas
in the first container interior as at 15. Note that the second
container extends vertically upwardly to a level 12b above the
uppermost level of cryogenic liquid entering container 12. A
typical uppermost liquid surge level is indicated at 22, the normal
level lying near the inlet 13, as for example at 22a which is the
top-most level in pipe 18. Flanges 23 and 24 respectively integral
with upper and lower portions of the outer container serve to
interconnect those portions; also, insulating spacers or blocks 25
in space 16 serve to maintain the two containers in annularly
spaced relation. Blocks 25 may consist of styrofoam. Other type
spacers may be employed, if desired.
To insure the presence of compressible gas in the interior of outer
container 11, and above level 22, a heater may be provided
proximate the lower extent of the second container, or near the
inlet, to transfer heat to incoming cryogenic liquid, vaporizing a
portion thereof. One such heater is illustrated in the form of
electric heating coil 30, electrically connected at 31 with
thermostat 32. The latter is in turn connected at 33 with a source
34 of electrical power. The thermostat is located close to the
inlet piping and preferably above level 22a to sense the presence
of the incoming cryogenic liquid rising into container 12 via inlet
13, during a surge. The thermostat activates the heater, as by
connecting power source 34 with the coil 30, in response to such
"cold" sensing.
A baffle 36 may advantageously be located directly above inlet 13
to impede the upward inrush of cryogenic liquid into container 12,
thereby to prevent rapid filling or jetting of the inrushing liquid
above the open top level 12b of the inner container 12.
The inlet pipe size can be controlled to provide a pressure loss at
the time of maximum fluid inrush to provide the maximum allowable
pressure in the main line. The piping 17 is shown attached to the
bottom of the surge absorber and to the side of the main line to
provide the maximum flexibility between the pipe and pressure
vessel to accommodate pipe movement due to temperature induced
expansion and contraction. The pressure vessel could be mounted
above and on the main line pipe 18 to move therewith, provided the
main line is properly supported to withstand the weight of the
absorber filled with cryogenic liquid.
* * * * *