U.S. patent number 3,879,835 [Application Number 05/401,085] was granted by the patent office on 1975-04-29 for method of making multi element self-gripping device having cooperating gripping elements.
Invention is credited to George C. Brumlik.
United States Patent |
3,879,835 |
Brumlik |
April 29, 1975 |
Method of making multi element self-gripping device having
cooperating gripping elements
Abstract
A self-gripping device is disclosed and includes a plurality of
upright gripping elements stiffly attached to a base. The gripping
elements are adapted to cooperate in groups of at least two for
self-gripping engagement with a receiving material. Such gripping
elements can include a stem and an upper portion having a plurality
of arms which are adapted to cooperate with each other for
self-gripping engagement.
Inventors: |
Brumlik; George C. (Montclair,
NJ) |
Family
ID: |
26970940 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/401,085 |
Filed: |
September 26, 1973 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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298906 |
Oct 19, 1972 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
29/412; 29/428;
D25/123; 24/444; 24/446; 24/452; 26/8R; 28/141; 29/418; 139/46 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F16B
5/07 (20130101); A44B 18/0088 (20130101); A44B
18/0061 (20130101); B23P 17/00 (20130101); Y10T
24/2725 (20150115); Y10T 24/2742 (20150115); Y10T
24/2792 (20150115); Y10T 29/49799 (20150115); Y10T
29/49789 (20150115); Y10T 29/49826 (20150115) |
Current International
Class: |
A44B
18/00 (20060101); B23P 17/00 (20060101); B29C
47/00 (20060101); F16B 5/07 (20060101); F16B
5/00 (20060101); B23p 017/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;29/412,415,445,432,411,432.2,418,428 ;24/204 ;28/72CS ;139/46 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Moon; Charlie T.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Burgess, Dinklage & Sprung
Parent Case Text
This is a continuation, of application Ser. No. 298,906, filed Oct.
19, 1972, now abandoned.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. Method for making a self gripping device which comprises stiffly
mounting a plurality of loops to a base in generally upright
position, said loops having a curl interiorly oriented with respect
to said loop, horizontally severing said curls relative to said
base thereby forming pairs of overlapping, cooperating gripping
elements.
2. Process of claim 1 wherein a plurality of said loops have their
origin in a common linear member.
3. Process of claim 2 wherein said linear member is stitched into
or through said base.
Description
BACKGROUND
This invention relates to self-gripping devices having a plurality
of gripping elements which are adapted to cooperate in groups of at
least two for self-gripping engagement with a receiving
material.
Self-gripping devices have been known for some time but only
recently have they begun to replace conventional fastening devices
such as staples, nails, adhesives and the like. In general,
self-gripping devices perform many unique functions which
conventional fasteners cannot provide. For instance, there is
unlimited freedom of self-gripping engagement over an area by
virtue of the vast number of gripping sites in a receiving
material. This has the effect of eliminating alignmenet
criticalities that seriously hamper conventional fasteners,
involving mating specific fastening sites such as a bore or hole
with corresponding fastening devices such as a screw or bolt.
A self-gripping connection can be formed simply by hand without the
need for special tools. Once the self-gripping connection is formed
it can be pulled apart due to the reversible nature of the
self-gripping connections. This provides for invisible attachment
that leaves no marks once the connection is pulled apart and
established elsewhere on the surface. This is especially true for
carpet covered walls and ceilings which are finding increased used
as an interior surface finish.
Also, a plurality of gripping elements in a self-gripping device
cooperate to provide the required amount of self-gripping holding
force and distribute same over a predetermined area thus avoiding
localized stress concentrations such as occurs with conventional
fasteners.
Another desirable feature is that the gripping elements of a device
are inherently flexible which allows a self-gripping connection to
accommodate dimensional changes caused by large thermal
coefficients of expansion that occur between similar or dissimilar
articles connected to each other by a self-gripping mechanism. This
prevents buckling and cracking of joined articles.
One more capability of self-gripping devices is the ability to form
a self-gripping connection between articles on any face, edge or
corner by simply bringing any pair of these into contact at the
desired location.
With the ever-increasing use and sophistication of self-gripping
devices, the ability of self-gripping devices to form unique
self-gripping connections for particular applications becomes
important.
SUMMARY
The self-gripping device of the invention comprises a plurality of
upright gripping elements stiffly attached to a base, said gripping
element being adapted to cooperate in groups of at least two with
at least one member of the group having self-gripping means
oriented in the direction of the other member of the group for
self-gripping engagement with a receiving material. In a preferred
embodiment the gripping elements comprise a stem and an upper
portion having a plurality of arms each having self-gripping means
adapted to cooperate with each other for self-gripping engagement
with a receiving layer.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIGS. 1a through 1e are side elevational views of gripping elements
suitable for use in the device of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a side elevational view partially in section and
partially broken away illustrating a group of gripping elements
suitable for use in the device of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view illustrating several embodiments
of the invention.
FIG. 4 is a perspective view illustrating an integral structure
from which the self-gripping device of the invention can be
formed.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view partly broken away taken along
line 5--5 of FIG. 4.
FIG. 6 is a top plan view partly broken away illustrating several
ways in which the device of the invention can be formed from the
structure shown in FIG. 4.
FIGS. 7a and 7b are side elevational views partly broken away
illustrating several embodiments of the device of the
invention.
FIG. 8 is a perspective view of apparatus suitable for forming the
structure of FIG. 4.
FIG. 9 is an end elevational view illustrating a further embodiment
of the self-gripping device of the invention.
FIG. 10 is a side elevational view of an alternate embodiment of
cooperating gripping elements according to the invention and
FIG. 11 is a side elevational view partly in cross-section
illustrating an alternate embodiment for forming cooperating groups
of gripping elements from a continuous filament such as a wire.
DESCRIPTION
Referring now to the drawings and in particular FIG. 2, the
self-gripping device of the invention is shown to include a base 20
having a plurality of upright gripping element 10 stiffly attached
thereto. The gripping elements 10 include an upright stem 12 and
self-gripping means 14 which cooperate with similar means of
adjacent gripping element 10 for self-gripping engagement at 40.
Thus, adjacent gripping elements 10 can cooperate for self-gripping
engagement forming what can be termed a self-gripping trap.
In FIG. 1 several embodiments are shown wherein gripping elements
10 are self-contained and include an upright stem 12 and a
plurality of arms 12' forming a bifurcated portion. Each of the
arms 12' terminate in gripping hooks 14 which cooperate for
self-gripping engagement at 40. In FIG. 1a the gripping means 14
are shown as sharply pointed hooks and in FIG. 1b the hooks are
more rounded. In FIG. 1c the arms 12' forming the bifurcated
portion each have serrated edges facing each other and provide for
self-gripping engagement throughout the depth of the bifurcated
portion. In FIG. 1d the stem 12 is shown having three upright arms
12' forming a trifurcated position. The three arms 12' terminate in
rounded hooks which cooperate for self-gripping engagement at 40.
At FIG. 1e the gripping means 14 make it possible for arms 12'
attached to the same stem 12 to cooperate at 40 for self-gripping
engagement. It is also possible for arms 12' having gripping means
14 from adjacent gripping elements 10 to cooperate at 40' for
self-gripping engagement. Thus in FIG. 1e self-gripping cooperation
at 40 can be termed an intra-element self-gripping trap and
self-gripping cooperation at 40' can be termed an inter-element
self-gripping trap.
Generally speaking, the upper ends of the gripping elements 10 have
a penetrating profile of shape to facilitate penetration into a
receiving material. This applies to the embodiments shown in FIG. 1
as well as to the embodiment shown in FIG. 2. The penetrating shape
may be sharply pointed as shown in FIGS. 1a, 1c and 1d, for
example, or they may be rounded as shown in FIGS. 1b, 1d and 2, for
example. In those instances where skin irritation is to be avoided
the upper end or ends of the gripping elements are rounded.
The gripping elements 10 may be formed or molded from a wide
variety of materials such as metal, glass, plastic or composites of
these but are preferably made of plastic or metal. Also the
cross-sectional shape of the stem 12, the arms 12' and the gripping
means 14 may be varied. For example, they may be rectangular,
crescent shape polygonal and the like.
In general, the gripping elements are sufficiently stiff such that
they resist deflection which would otherwise prevent them from
penetrating and becoming lodged in a receiving layer or material.
It is also necessary that the gripping elements be stiffly attached
to the base to enable the gripping elements to enter into
self-gripping engagement. Thus the gripping elements can be
attached to a base by any suitable technique consistent with the
nature of the gripping elements and the base. Such techniques
include inserting the base of the gripping elements in or through
the base with or without the use of additional techniques such as
welding, heat sealing, or using adhesives. The latter techniques
can also be used to attach the gripping elements without inserting
same. As discussed below the gripping elements 10 can also be
integrally formed with the base 20.
Referring now to FIG. 3, a self-gripping device of the invention
comprising sheet 20 and upright gripping elements as shown in FIG.
1a is shown in self-gripping engagement with a receiving layer 42
which is fibrous in nature for purposes of illustration.
For certain applications, it is desirable to utilize a receiving
layer such as that shown in FIG. 3 as a protective layer for the
gripping elements 10 which can be stripped off to prepare the
device for self-gripping engagement. The use of a protective layer
makes it possible to ship and handle the device without irritation
to the user or premature gripping engagement. A protective layer
has a thickness equal to or greater than the height of the gripping
elements 10 and can be readily utilzed with any various embodiments
of the invention such as those shown in FIGS. 1, 2, 7 and 9, for
example.
It is also possible to use the receiving layer 42 as a component
part of the device of the invention. In this instance the layer 42
is made of a resilient material such as felt, carpet-like
materials, sponge, plastic and can be foam and the like, that
remains in place over the gripping elements 10 forming what can be
called a hybrid self-gripping surface. The gripping elements 10 in
FIG. 3 can extend below, to or beyond the surface of layer 42. Thus
when layer 42 is compressed, the elements 10 are exposed and
protrude out of the layer 42 and are then capable of self-gripping
engagement with a receiving layer of material or a similar hybrid
self-gripping device.
Referring now to FIG. 4, the self-gripping device of the invention
is preferably formed from an integral structure having base 20 and
a plurality of substantially parallel ribs 22 which have a
cross-sectional shape or profile which defines gripping elements
sutable for cooperative self-gripping engagement according to the
invention. The ribs 22 in FIG. 4 have a profile corresponding to
the gripping element of FIG. 1a for purposes of illustration. It is
also possible to position ribs 22 to produce a structure wherein
adjacent elements cooperate for self-gripping engagement such as
shown in FIG. 2.
The ribs 22 are cut into spaced apart gripping elements 10 by
removing portions of the rib as shown in FIG. 5 wherein the rib can
be cut at a 90.degree.angle relative to the base and portions 24
removed to form perpendicular gripping elements or it can be cut at
an angle and portions 26 removed to form angled gripping elements
10 also as shown in FIG. 5. In addition, angled or pointed elements
10 can be formed by cutting and removing wedged shape portions 27
from the ribs 22.
It is also possible to remove segments of the base underlying the
portions of the rib to be removed between adjacent gripping
elements. For example, in FIG. 6 reference numeral 28 is used to
designate square and round perforations through ribs 22 and base 20
which forms spaced apart gripping elements 10 integral with the
performated base 20. The perforations 28 can be in a random or
uniform pattern and can be the same or different as illustrated in
FIG. 6. In addition, the base 20 can be cut or slit along dotted
lines 21 to form strip or patch like self-gripping devices in
contrast to the sheet like structure shown in FIG. 4.
As shown in FIG. 7a and 7b the ribs 22 can be inclined at an angle
to form inclined gripping elements 10 and gripping elements can be
formed on both sides of the base 20. Also shown in FIG. 7b is the
use of conventional gripping elements in combination with the trap
type elements of the invention.
Suitable apparatus for forming the integral structure shown in FIG.
4 is illustrated in FIG. 8 and includes an extruder 50 provided
with an elongated slot type die 52 having an opening 54 which
corresponds to the cross-sectional profile of the integral
structure to be extruded. Extrudable material is melted and
conveyed in the extruder 50 and forced out of the die in a hot
plastic state. The ribs 22 may be formed straight as shown or can
be formed in a way or zig zag pattern using two-part moving dies as
are known in the art. It is also possible to extrude a composite
structure using coaxial dies or composite extruding devices as are
known in the art. Such a composite structure could include, for
example, a first material for the base 20, a second material for
the stem 12 and a third material for the gripping means 14. Also
shown in FIG. 8 is a rotating cutting wheel 56 which is capable of
moving vertically and transversely with respect to ribs 22 to
remove portions thereof to form integral gripping elements 10.
Related integral structures, grips, elements formed therefrom and
methods and apparatus for forming same are disclosed in my
co-pending application Ser. No. 214,871, filed Jan. 3, 1972.
In FIG. 9 a circular structure is illustrated which can be readily
extruded and simultaneously or sequentially slit and laid flat to
form a sheet or strip like self-gripping device according to the
invention.
Integral structures such as shown in FIG. 4 can be formed from
materials including metals and plastics. Suitable metals include
aluminum and aluminum alloys, copper, copper alloys, iron and the
like. Suitable plastics include extrudable thermosetting pheonolic
compositions and the like and extrudable thermoplastics such as
polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrenes, polycarbonates,
polysulfones, nylons and the like.
The term cut includes techniques such as slicing, slitting,
stamping, punching and the like. It is also possible to chemically
or electrically cut an extruded structure to form the spaced apart
gripping elements using etching electric arc techniques and the
like.
The self-gripping devices are adapted to penetrate and become loged
in a receiving material or layer which can be formed from a variety
of materials including woven, non-woven, and knitted fabrics and
fibers, carpets and carpet-like materials, foam rubber and
plastics, wood, cork, sponge, leather, paper, cardboard, corrugated
carboard, metal and plastic mesh, expanded and perforated sheet
materials and composites and laminates including any of the
foregoing. The gripping trap of the invention is especially suited
for gripping fibrous materials.
Especially suitable receiving materials and structures are
disclosed in my copending applications Ser. Nos. 126,708, and
126,706, both filed Mar. 22, 1971 and now abandoned, and Ser. No.
154,589, filed June 18, 1971, now abandoned.
The nature of the self-gripping action by the gripping elements may
be permanent or reversible depending upon the nature of the
gripping elements and the receiving material that comes into
self-gripping engagement with the gripping elements. For example,
the gripping elements may be rigid to provide more permanent or
tenacious self-gripping action or they may be resilient to
facilitate removal from a receiving layer. The degree of
self-gripping also depends in part upon the shape of the gripping
elements.
In its simplest form the self-gripping device of the invention can
include a base 20 having upright cooperating elements 11 and 12
stiffly attached thereto. The member 12 is provided with a
self-gripping detent or protrusion 14 which cooperates with the
generally linear element 11 for self-gripping engagement at 40.
Stated differently, the self-gripping means 14 is oriented in the
direction of the other member or element 11 thus making it possible
to cooperatively self-grip at 40 as shown. The cooperating elements
of FIG. 10 can be formed from a common stem as in FIG. 1 or they
can be individually attached to a base as shown in FIG. 10. The
gripping means 14 shown in FIG. 10 can have any of the
configurations shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 including combinations
thereto.
FIG. 11 illustrates an embodiment wherein a filament such as metal
wire is stretched or otherwise inserted in or through the base 20
to form heart-shaped configurations which are cut as indicated by
the dotted lines to form a gripping trap according to the invention
wherein adjacent members 12' cooperate for self-gripping engagement
at 40. The members 12 can be formed in pairs by bending a linear
element into the heart-shaped configuration shown and inserting the
lower ends thereof into the base 20 or otherwise attaching same
thereto. It is also possible to utilize other configurations which
when cut will form cooperating gripping elements 12'. For example,
a linear element such as a wire can be looped once or more times in
place of the upper portion of the heart-shaped configuration and
cut horizontally or vertically to form the cooperating gripping
elements. The loop 66 when cut horizontally, or vertically provides
cooperating elements which physically overlap lending a spring
action to the cooperating self-gripping capability.
Thus, the self-gripping device of the invention incorporating the
embodiment of FIG. 11 have groups of gripping elements 12' with
gripping means 14 which cooperate for self-gripping engagement at
40. The gripping elements 12' have their origin in loops stiffly
attached to the base 20 having a depression 64 or a curl 66
oriented interiorly of the loop as shown. In other words the
depression 64 and the curl 66 extend downward from the upper lobe
portion 62 of the respective loops towards the base 20. The loops
are severed or separated horizontally or vertically at the
depression 64 or the curl 66 forming the gripping elements 12'. In
a preferred embodiment a plurality or series of the loops have
their origin in a common linear member 60 which as previously
described can be stitched into or through the base.
The cooperating groups of gripping elements shown in FIG. 11 can be
made according to the invention by stiffly mounting a plurality of
loops to a base in the generally upright position. Each of the
loops is formed before or after mounting on the base with a
depression 64 or curl 66 oriented as described above. The
depressions or curls are cut vertically or horizontally as
indicated by the dotted lines in FIG. 11 thereby forming groups of
cooperating gripping elements 12' having gripping means 14 oriented
towards each other for cooperative self-gripping engagement at
40.
The cooperating self-gripping device shown in FIG. 11 can be made
from monofilament or yarn made of metal or plastic wire and
installed continuously or individually as described above. A linear
element can be embedded in the base or stretched through using
conventional sewing techniques. The further linear element 30 can
be inserted on the opposite side of the base through loops
protruding therefrom as shown to prevent the cooperating gripping
elements from being pulled from the base. The cooperating gripping
elements shown in FIG. 11 can be fused into or onto the base and
can be surface mounted using adhesive, welding, and like
techniques. In this embodiment, the base 20 can be a fabric which
can be rigid or flexible or made rigid after installing the linear
looped arrangement as shown in FIG. 11. The base 20 can also be
made of a plastic or elastomeric sheet material or it can form the
outer surface or skin of an article.
The gripping elements of the self-gripping devices of the invention
will generally range in height from about 0.001 to about 0.75
inch.
The self-gripping device of the invention may be used in a variety
of ways to efficiently and quickly render virtually any surface or
article self-gripping. The device of the invention can be readily
used by individuals or commercial users to render selected areas of
articles or entire articles self-gripping such as carpets, fabrics,
felts, wall cladded materials, panels, tiles, sheets, filters,
decorative trim and the like.
* * * * *