U.S. patent number 3,878,517 [Application Number 05/366,044] was granted by the patent office on 1975-04-15 for ink jet system of charge amplitude controlling type.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha. Invention is credited to Masahiko Aiba, Takeshi Kasubuchi, Yuji Sumitomo.
United States Patent |
3,878,517 |
Kasubuchi , et al. |
April 15, 1975 |
Ink jet system of charge amplitude controlling type
Abstract
Control of the printing velocity is of importance for
application of ink jet systems of the charge amplitude controlling
type to intermittently operating recorders or asynchronous
recorders. In order to alternate the printing velocity, the
velocity of travel of a head carrying a nozzle and the charging
signals to the total number of ink drops in the stream of ink drops
emitted from the nozzle also is changed. In this charging signals
to a total of ink drop in the wake also is changed. In such way
there is provided ink jet systems of the charge amplitude
controlling type suitable for intermittent or asynchronous printing
wherein the printing velocity can be varied without alternating the
frequency of formation of the ink drops.
Inventors: |
Kasubuchi; Takeshi (Nara,
JA), Sumitomo; Yuji (Nara, JA), Aiba;
Masahiko (Nara, JA) |
Assignee: |
Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha (Osaka,
JA)
|
Family
ID: |
23441438 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/366,044 |
Filed: |
June 1, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
347/74 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B41J
2/08 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B41J
2/08 (20060101); B41J 2/075 (20060101); G01d
015/18 () |
Field of
Search: |
;346/75 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Hartary; Joseph W.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Stewart and Kolasch, Ltd.
Claims
We claim:
1. An ink jet system printer of a charge amplitude controlling type
comprising a nozzle,
an ultrasonic transducer exciting the nozzle for issuing a stream
of ink drops,
a charging electrode for charging the ink drops from the
nozzle,
a charging signal generator for providing charging signals to be
applied to the charging electrode in accordance with input
information to be recorded,
a pair of deflection electrodes for deflecting the charged ink
drops into selective trajectories in accordance with the amplitudes
of charges on the ink drops by means of a fixed field potential
between said electrodes,
a record receiving member for forming images indicative of the
input information by means of deposition of the charged and
deflected ink drops,
a head carrying the nozzle and the charging electrode,
drive means for moving the head transversely of said
trajectories,
an oscillator providing an output signal of a predetermined
frequency for activating the ultrasonic transducer,
a high velocity input device for continuously introducing the input
information to the charging signal generator at a high rate and
providing a high velocity control signal,
a low velocity input device for intermittently introducing the
input information to the charging signal generator at a lower rate
and providing a low velocity control signal,
a first selection circuit for selecting any one of the input
devices to selectively convert said printing unit to a high
velocity printing unit and a low velocity printing unit,
control means connected with said input devices and responsive to
said high and low velocity control signals to provide high and low
rate control signals and high and low velocity drive signals in
correlation with the selective energization of said input
devices,
a frequency divider connected with said control means and the
output of said oscillator responsive to said high and low rate
control signals to effect a variable rate of frequency division,
and means for applying the output from said oscillator to the
charging signal generator through the variable frequency divider to
modify the frequency of occurrence of said charging signals and the
resulting ratio of charged ink drops to the total ink drops in the
stream by adjustment of the frequency division rate of the
frequency divider in response to said rate control signals,
said drive means connected with said control means and responsive
to said high and low velocity drive signals to modify the velocity
of movement of said head in correlation with said ratio to thereby
control the printing velocity of said printer.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to an ink jet system printer wherein ink
drops issuing at a constant rate from a nozzle are charged in
accordance with charging signals and, then deflected in accordance
with the charges carried by the drops as they pass through a fixed
electric field, thereby to form images representative of input
signals, and more particularly to a method for controlling the
printing velocity in the ink jet system printer of the charge
amplitude controlling type whereby the head carrying the nozzle and
the charging electrode is intermittently moved in response to
intermittent inputs from key boards or the like to enable
intermittent or asynchronous printing. In a U.S. Pat. No. 3,596,275
granted to Richard G. Sweet there is disclosed the ink jet system
printer of the charge amplitude controlling type wherein ultrasonic
vibration is applied to ink fluid issuing under pressure from an
nozzle to form ink drops at a predetermined rate and the ink drops
are charged in accordance with charging signals and then the ink
drops are electrostatically deflected into predetermined
trojectories in accordance with the amplitude of the charges on the
drops so that symbols corresponding to the charging signals are
recorded on a record receiving member such as a paper on which the
charged drops impinge. In this form vertical deflection of the
recording symbols is under the control of the charging signals
while its horizontal deflection is substituted by constant velocity
movement of the record receiving member or constant velocity
horizontal movement of the head carring the nozzle and the charging
electrode. It is, therefore, important that the record receiving
member or the head is advanced at a constant velocity in operation.
Although the frequency of ink drop formation from the nozzle is
correctly identical with the exciting frequency of the ultrasonic
transducer vibrating the nozzle, the timing of separation of the
drops from the stream of the ink supply will vary with various
factors, for example, temperature variations and viscosity of the
ink liquid, especially during a short period of time after the
application of the exciting signals. For this reason it is
desirable that the ink drops issuing from the nozzle always are
formed at a constant rate to ensure steady printing.
According to the prior art ink jet printers of the charge amplitude
controlling type, the head continues travelling at a constant
velocity to carry out continuous or synchronous printing operation
for one line printing period. Hence, the printers of these types
are necessarily responsive only to successively and synchronously
introduced input signals and thus are unsuitable for intermittent
or a synchronous input signals such as key signals. In order to
serve the function of printing in accordance with the synchronous
input signals the head or the record receiving member should be
moved in synchronization with the input signals.
In general, as discussed above, it is desirable that the head is
moved at a constant velocity and no alternation of the frequency of
reoccurrence of the ink drops is permitted in operation. Providing
that the velocity of movements of the head for asynchronous
printing is identical with that for synchronous printing, the
beginning and end of the movements of the head should be made sharp
and control thereof is much difficult.
OBJECTS AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An object of this invention is the provision of an ink jet printer
capable of serving the functions of both successive and
intermittent printing operations.
Another object of this invention is the provision of an ink jet
printer capable of facilitating intermittent drive scheme for the
head or the record receiving member without alternation of the drop
formation frequency.
In accordance with this invention, when the recorder is in
intermittent printing mode, the velocity of movements of the head
is altered to a small rate so that the printing velocity is
decreased by lowering a ratio of the ink drops charged with the
charging signals to the total number of ink drops in the jet or
stream of ink drops. An ink charging technique disclosed in a U.S.
Pat. No. 3,562,757 teaches the provision of guard drops between the
charged drops. It should be noted that they act as a shield to
minimize the adverse effects of drop charge repulsion but do not
serve to control the printing velocity.
These and other objects of this invention are achieved, in a
preferred embodiment, by an arrangement wherein the exciting
signals for the ultrasonic transducer secured to the nozzle are
entered into a charging signal generator via a variable frequency
divider and the ratio of the ink drops each having a charge to the
number of ink drops in the jet stream is modified and the moving
velocity of the head is varied proportionally with the modification
of the ratio of the charged to uncharged drops, permitting the
printing velocity to fall during the intermittent printing
mode.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a block schematic diagram showing a circuit arrangement
of an embodyment of this invention.
FIG. 2 is a block schematic diagram showing a circuit arrangement
of another embodyment of this invention with a simplified frequency
divider.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODYMENTS
Referring now to FIG. 1, there is illustrated an ink jet system
printer of a type controlling the amplitude of charge wherein, by
exciting an ultrasonic transducer (not shown) tightly secured to a
nozzle 2, ink liquid issuing under pressure from the nozzle 2
breaks up into drops 4 at a predetermined rate. The ink drop 4 is
controlled in amplitude of charges thereon upon application of
charging signals to a charging electrode and then deflected
electrostatically in accordance with the amplitude of charges
carried by the drops by means of a pair of deflection plates 8 to
make records on a record receiving paper wound on a drum 10.
The ultrasonic transducer is excited at all times in operation of
the recorder and the ink drops 4 are successively emitted from the
nozzle 2. The ink drops 4 serving no function of printing are
collected and returned to the nozzle 2 after they impinge upon a
screen 12 as is well known in the art.
The vertical deflection of the ink drops 4 is practiced by the
electrostatic deflection previously described, whereas the
displacements thereof in the horizontal direction are effected by
horizontal movements of the printing head 1 carring the nozzle 2
and the charging electrode 6.
In the ink jet printer of the type briefly described above the
printing velocity V can be expressed as follows: ##EQU1## where f
is the exciting frequency of the ultrasonic transducer, m is the
number of dots in the lateral direction of a character pattern, n
is the number of dots in the longitudinal direction of the
character pattern, 2n is the numbers of dots indicative of a
spacing between the two characters, and K is a thinning coefficient
indicative of a ratio of the ink drops 4 receiving the charging
signals to the ink drops 4 projected from the nozzle 2.
In accordance with inventive concept of this invention both the
thinning coefficient set forth in the equation (1) and the velocity
of horizontal advancement of the head 1 are modified for control
purpose of the printing velocity V.
In the illustrated embodyment output signals from a high velocity
input device 14 such as tape recorders, etc. which operates at a
high rate, namely, the same rate as that of the printing head 1 in
a continuous printing mode (255 characters per second in this
example), are connected with a terminal 15 of a
transmission/reception selection switch 18 and high velocity
control signals X in input information are connected with a control
circuit 30 to be later explained. An intermittent or low velocity
input device 16 such as keyboards or typewritters includes
character (and numeral) key switches and encoders. The outputs from
the intermittent input device 16 are asynchronous and provided at a
low velocity (normally, less are 10 characters per second) and then
connected with the other terminal 17 of the switch 18. Low velocity
control signals Y containing the input information from the
intermittent input device 16 are similarly introduced to the
control circuit 30. As shown in FIG. 1, the high velocity input
device 14 provides the high velocity control signals X when in its
operative condition while the low velocity input device 16 provides
the low velocity control signals Y when in its operative condition.
Provision of these signals X and Y may be accomplished through the
use of various types of circuits well known to one skilled in the
art, such as flip-flops.
A common terminal 19 of the switch 18 is connected with an input
terminal of a buffer memory 22 included in a charging signal
generator 21. In accordance with conventional ink drop printing
techniques the charging signals to be supplied to the charging
electrode 6 should be of the graded waveform type (see for example,
U.S. Pat. No. 3,298,030 to Lewis et al, Jan. 10, 1967 with
particular reference to FIG. 4).
Circuit arrangements suited for this purpose have been shown or
disclosed in prior art systems are within the purview of one of
ordinary skill in the art and the construction and operation of the
charging signal generator circuit arrangement are not critical to
the primary object of the present invention, namely, the system for
modifying the printing velocity in compliance with the velocity of
inputs to be printed. In the illustrated embodiment, the generator
21 for generating charging signals to the charging electrode 6,
namely comprises the buffer memory 22, read only memory 24 and a
video generator 26. The charging signals must be synchronized with
the dot formation timing and with the position of the ink drops in
the dot matrix to form various printed characters. In this regard,
the video counter 28 counts the number of ink drops to be charged
with the charging signals and determines the position of the ink
drops in the dot matrix by counting the pulses applied thereto from
the adjustable frequency divider 48. In this embodiment the video
counter 28 is implemented to count the number representing the
product mn, where m is the number of dots in the lateral direction
of the dot (character) matrix and n is the number of dots in the
longitudinal direction of that matrix as previously defined herein.
This count may be accomplished by any suitable counter of a type
well known in the art or combinations of such counters which is
also a well known expedient. The generator 21 comprises the above
buffer memory 22 temporarily storing the input information and
synchronizing the same with operation of the printer, a read only
memory 24 providing a train of ink drop control pulse signals each
corresponding to individual dots of the character pattern, to be
printed a video generator 26 providing both deflecting signals, and
charging signals, the deflecting signals, being sampled by the ink
drop control pulse signals to provide the charging signals, a video
counter 28 counting the number of the ink drops to be charged with
the charging signals out of the ink drops projected from the nozzle
2 and the control circuit 30 timing the various circuit
arrangement.
The control circuit 30 is adapted so that the circuit produces
1. continuous operation control signal Z when it receives the high
velocity control signals X from the high velocity input device
14,
2. intermittent operation control signals W when it receives the
low velocity control signals Y from the low velocity input device
16, and
3. frequency division rate control signals CON in response to the
high velocity control signals X and the low velocity control
signals Y. The circuit 30 may be constituted by known logic
circuits, since the correlation between the inputs and outputs
thereof may be simply expressed under logical formulas within the
purview of those of ordinary skill in the art.
Continuous operation control signals Z included in outputs from the
control circuit 30 are applied to a continuous drive circuit 32 for
the printing head 1 and intermittent operation control signals W
therein are applied to an intermittent drive circuit 34 for the
same.
Outputs from a printing head position detector 36 also control both
the continuous and intermittent drive circuits 32, 34, of which
outputs are entered into a servomotor 40 via an OR circuit 38. The
servomotor 40 is mechanically coupled with the printing head 1 to
control the horizontal movements thereof. The velocity of movements
of the printing head 1 is determined by the continuous and
intermittent drive control signals Z, W together with frequency
division rate control signals CON and thus is controlled in
accordance with the ratio of the ink drops charged with the
charging signals to the number of drops 4 in the stream of ink
drops. Suitable print head positioning arrangments are well known
in the prior art, such as that shown in FIG. 5 of U.S. Pat. No.
3,298,030 to Lewis et al, issued Jan. 1967.
The exciting signals which activate the ultrasonic transducer 2A
secured to the nozzle 2 are derived from an ultrasonic amplifier 44
amplifying outputs from an oscillator 42. Typically, the
oscillation frequency of the oscillator 42 is 25KHz which is
provided from two-stage flipflops added to a 100KHz crystal
oscillator. The outputs from the oscillator 42 also are introduced
to an adjustable frequency divider 48 to convert to low frequency
signals and thereafter are entered to the video counter 28 in the
charging signal generator 21. The frequency division rate of the
frequency divider 48 is variable in accordance with the frequency
division control signals CON which in the control circuit 30 are
produced based upon the connection relations with the high velocity
input device 14 or the intermittent and low velocity input device
16. In this way a rate of the frequency division is dependent upon
the rate of the input information.
When the high velocity input device 14 is coupled with the system,
the ink jet printer will operate as follows:
From the high velocity input device 14 such as tape recorders the
high velocity control signals X are applied to the control circuit
30 and the adjustable frequency divider 48 is set at a desired rate
of frequency division corresponding to the input rate of the high
velocity input device 14 by means of the frequency division rate
control signals CON. In the other hand the continuous drive control
signals Z corresponding to the frequency division control signals
are inputed from the control circuit 30 to the continuous drive
circuit 32 for the printing head 1 so that continuous drive signals
for the head are applied to the servomotor 40 through the OR
circuit 38 to effect continuous advancement of the printing head
1.
At this time the input information from the high velocity input
device 14 is applied via the switch 18 to the buffer memory 22 in
the charging signal generator 21. Various control signals for
printing operation are simultaneously applied to individual circuit
arrangements. The outputs from the oscillator 42 are impressed on
the nozzle 2 through the ultrasonic amplifier 44 and thus the ink
drops 4 are continuously projected from the nozzle 2. A portion of
the outputs from the oscillator 42 activates the video counter 28
via the adjustable frequency divider 48. The video counter 28
starts counting in response to the control signals from the control
circuit 30 and, transmits the input information stored in the
buffer memory 22 to the read only memory 24 and the video generator
26 to produce the charging signals.
The printing head 1 is continuously advanced for one horizontal
line of printing upon the appearance of the continuous drive
control signals Z to effect the continuous printing operation at
the high velocity. When the termination of one line of printing is
reached, the signals of the position detector 36 causes head return
signals from the continuous drive circuit 32 to be applied to the
servomotor 40. It follows that the printing head 1 is returned to
the original position and the drum 10 is rotated by one step
equivalent to one line of the printing.
The operation of the intermittent mode of the present invention
utilizing the manually operated intermittent input device 16 will
now be described.
Upon depression of keys, etc., the low velocity control signals Y
are introduced to the control circuit 30 and the adjustable
frequency divider 48 is set at the rate of frequency division which
corresponds to the printing velocity of the intermittent mode. At
the same time the intermittent drive control signals W
corresponding to the frequency division rate control signals CON
are introduced to the intermittent drive circuit 34 so that
intermittent drive signals for the head 1 are applied to the
servomotor 40 via the OR circuit 38. The result of application of
the outputs from the intermittent drive circuit 34 to the
servomotor 40 is that the printing head 1 is advanced and then
stopped at the place just before the first character printing
position.
The data information from the intermittent input device 16 is
introduced to and stored in the buffer memory 22 and the video
counter 28 starts counting upon the appearance of the control
signals on line 28A from the control circuit 30 to initiate the
printing operation.
At this time, since signals applied to the video counter 28 are
identical with the signals which are provided by considerable
frequency division in the adjustable frequency divider 48 of the
25KHz ultrasonic transducer exciting signals, the number of the ink
drops 4 directly associated with printing (charged ink drops)
substantially decreases in relation to the total number of drops
emitted from the nozzle 2 over a given interval and accordingly the
velocity of travel of the printing head 1 becomes lower.
Accordingly time required to acceleration the printing head 1 is
shortened and control of intermittent drive of the printing head 1
is readily accomplished.
Upon completion of one character printing the printing head 1 is
stopped in response to the intermittent drive control signals W. In
such way the printing head 1 is intermittently advanced at every
key depression of the input device 16 and, after reaching the end
position of a printing character line, is returned to the original
position or the start position of the next character line upon
appearance of the signals from the position detector 36. Paper
feeding is, thereafter, allowed and the system is ready to commence
the next line of printing.
FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of another embodiment of this invention
for the purpose of simplifying implementation of the variable
frequency divider 48 shown in FIG. 1, wherein corresponding parts
are given reference numerals which correspond to those of FIG.
1.
Outputs of an oscillator 42 are applied to and divided into an
ultrasonic amplifier 44 and a first frequency divider 50 by which
provision is to minimize the adverse effects of electric charge
repulsion between adjacent ink drops 4 by alternate application of
the charging signals to the ink drops. This first frequency divider
50 is made of a single flip-flop of which the output terminal is
connected with the input terminal of the second frequency divider
52 for the purpose of a considerable reduction in the printing
velocity and the output is also connected with a terminal 51 of a
switch 54. The provision of the second frequency divider 52 is to
reduce largely the number of the ink drops having the charges on
them, namely, ink drops directly associated with the printing
thereby to decrease the printing velocity. This differs from the
first frequency divider 50 in that the frequency division rate of
the former 52 is larger, for example, 1/10 - 1/20, than that of the
latter 50. The frequency division rate of the second divider 52 is
further variable in accordance with the types of input devices.
The output terminal of the second frequency divider 52 is connected
with the other terminal 53 of the switch 54 of which the common
terminal 55 is, in turn, connected with the input terminal of the
video counter 28. The switch 54 moves in unison with the switch 18.
In the case where the printer serves as a high velocity terminating
receiver the movable terminals of the switches 18, 54 are turned to
the terminals 15, 51.
The operation of the printer is as follows: The high velocity
control signals X from the high velocity input devices 14 such as
tape recorders are entered into the control circuit 30 and at this
time the continuous drive control signals Z are entered into the
continuous drive circuit 32 for the printing head 1. Thus the
printing head 1 starts travelling upon supply of the continuous
drive signals to the servomotor 40 via the OR circuit 38.
Simultaneously, the input information signals from the high
velocity input device 14 are fed to the buffer memory 22 within the
charging signal generator 21 through the switch 18. The control
circuit 30 provides the printing control signals to various
circuits. In the meanwhile, the nozzle 2 receives the outputs from
the oscillator 42 through the ultrasonic amplifier 44 and issues a
continuous stream of the ink drops 4. A portion of the outputs from
the oscillator 42 is frequency-halved by the first frequency
divider 50 and supplied to the video counter 28 through the switch
54.
Other modes of the operation are substantially the same as that
shown in FIG. 1 and will not be described.
In the case where the movable terminals of the switches 18, 54 are
turned to the terminals 15, 51, respectively the printer serves as
a high velocity terminating receiver in which ink drops 4 projected
from the nozzle 2 are subjected to alternate application of the
charging signals thereto and then the printing head 1 is
continuously advanced for a single row of the printing
characters.
On the other hand, in the case where the ink jet printer is used as
a manually operated low velocity terminating transmitter having the
printing function, the switches 18, 54 are turned to the terminals
17, 53, respectively. In this instance the manual operation of the
intermittent input device 16 equipped with a keyboard produces the
low velocity control signals Y which are introduced to the control
circuit 30 to output the intermittent drive control signals W. They
are inputed to the intermittent drive circuit 34. The outputs of
the intermittent drive circuit 34 applied to the servomotor 40
causes the printing head 1 to move to the position just before the
first character printing position. Then, the information from the
intermittent input device 16 is applied to the buffer memory 22 and
the video counter 28 starts counting in response to the control
signals from the control circuit 30. Thus, printing is
initiated.
At this time the signals applied to the video counter 28 are ones
provided by a considerable frequency reduction of the 25KHz
ultrasonic transducer exciting signals deribed from the oscillator
42. This procedure is accomplished by both the first and second
frequency dividers 50, 52. Therefore, the number of the ink drops 4
directly relating to the record printing (charged ink drops)
decreases to a product (1/40) of the frequency division rate
(one/half) of the first divider 50 and that (1/20) of the second
divider 52. The intermittent drive control signals W are dependant
upon the product of the frequency division. Accordingly, the rate
of travel of the printing head 1 is reduced during the intermittent
printing mode and the acceleration thereof also is reduced to
facilitate control of the head advancement operation.
After completion of printing of a single row of characters the
printing head 1 is prevented from travelling, depending upon the
intermittent drive control signals W. The head 1 is then caused to
return to the original position by the signals from the position
detector 36.
It should be noted that the rates of the frequency division in the
first and second frequency dividers 50, 52 are determined by
various factors such as the oscillating frequency of the oscillator
42, the repulsion force exerted between the charged ink drops, and
the printing velocity proper to the intermittent type printing
procedure and thus are not necessarily limted to one/half and
one/twentieth as briefly described above. Although the printing
head 1 carrying the nozzle 2 and the charging electrode 6 is
advanced in a horizontal direction in the above embodiments, it may
be fixed and, the drum carring the record receiving member be moved
in the horizontal direction to provide the relative horizontal
displacement therebetween.
* * * * *