U.S. patent number 3,877,175 [Application Number 05/363,723] was granted by the patent office on 1975-04-15 for mobile surface treating apparatus.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Wheelabrator-Frye Inc.. Invention is credited to Clyde A. Snyder.
United States Patent |
3,877,175 |
Snyder |
April 15, 1975 |
Mobile surface treating apparatus
Abstract
A mobile apparatus for the surface treatment with a particulate
material thrown onto the surface at high speed, which includes a
housing which encloses a projecting means and means for restraining
passage of particulate material from within the enclosure as well
as means for removal of particulate material and waste from within
the enclosure comprising a suction nozzle extending across the
rearward end of the enclosure adjacent the surface and a blower
nozzle which projects a stream of air onto the surface immediately
below and/or behind the suction nozzle for sweeping particulate
material and waste forwardly in advance of the suction nozzle.
Inventors: |
Snyder; Clyde A. (Mishawaka,
IN) |
Assignee: |
Wheelabrator-Frye Inc. (New
York, NY)
|
Family
ID: |
23431436 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/363,723 |
Filed: |
May 24, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
451/88;
451/92 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B24C
3/067 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B24C
3/06 (20060101); B24C 3/00 (20060101); B24c
003/06 () |
Field of
Search: |
;51/8,9,273,270,274,9M
;15/345,346,340 ;404/75,94 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Kelly; Donald G.
Claims
I claim:
1. In a mobile apparatus for surface treatment with particulate
material, an enclosure having an open bottom side through which the
surface to be treated is exposed, means mounting the enclosure for
movement over the surface, projecting means within the enclosure
for directing particulate material through the open bottom side
onto the surface to be treated, sealing means extending between the
bottom edges of the enclosure and the surface for restraining
passage of particulate material from within the enclosure, means
for removal of spent particulate material, dust and dirt from the
surface, and separating means for separating reusable particulate
material from the remainder of the material removed from the
surface, the improvement wherein the means for removal of spent
particulate material, dust and dirt from the surface comprises:
one or more suction nozzles extending crosswise along the rearward
edge of the enclosure with the bottom wall of the nozzle spaced a
short distance above the surface;
a blower positioned to project an air stream in a forwardly
direction through the space between the bottom wall of the nozzle
and the surface whereby particulate material, dust and dirt
remaining on the surface is swept forwardly by the air stream into
a position to be exposed to the suction nozzle for removal; and
means for cleaning and recycling a part of the suction air to the
blower.
2. A surface treating apparatus as claimed in claim 1 which
includes a dust collector and a circulating air fan having an inlet
and an outlet with the inlet communicating with the suction nozzle
and the dust collector and the outlet communicating with the blower
for supply of cleaned recycled air under pressure to the
blower.
3. A surface treating apparatus as claimed in claim 1 in which the
suction nozzle comprises a single elongate nozzle which extends
continuously across the rearward end of the enclosure.
4. A surface treating apparatus as claimed in claim 1 in which the
blower comprises a nozzle immediately rearwardly of the suction
nozzle.
5. A surface treating apparatus as claimed in claim 4 in which the
blower nozzle has a common wall with the bottom wall of the suction
nozzle.
6. A surface treating apparatus as claimed in claim 1 in which
resilient means comprising a resilient side apron extends from the
bottom side edges of the enclosure into resilient engagement with
the surface.
7. A surface treating apparatus as claimed in claim 1 in which the
sealing means is provided with a vent communicating the interior of
the enclosure with the outside atmosphere for enabling air flow
from the outside atmosphere into the enclosure.
8. In a mobile apparatus for surface treatment with particulate
material, an enclosure having an open bottom side through which the
surface to be treated is exposed, means mounting the enclosure for
movement over the surface, projecting means within the enclosure
for directing particulate material through the open bottom side
onto the surface to be treated, sealing means extending between the
bottom edges of the enclosure and the surface for restraining
passage of particulate material from within the enclosure, means
for removal of spent particulate material, dust and dirt from the
surface, and separating means for separating reusable particulate
material from the remainder of the material removed from the
surface, the improvement wherein the means for removal of spent
particulate material, dust and dirt from the surface comprises one
or more suction nozzles extending crosswise along the rearward edge
of the enclosure with the bottom wall of the nozzle spaced a short
distance above the surface, and a blower positioned to project an
air stream in a forwardly direction through the space between the
bottom wall of the nozzle and the surface whereby particulate
material, dust and dirt remaining on the surface is swept forwardly
by the air stream into a position to be exposed to the suction
nozzle for removal wherein the means for separating reusable
particulate material from the material removed from the surface
comprises a curvilinear centrifugal baffle passage through which
the stream of air and particulate material passes from the suction
nozzle for separation of the larger and heavier material from the
remainder which remains suspended in the air stream.
9. A surface treating apparatus as claimed in claim 8 which
includes a conveyor means for returning the separated particulate
material to the feed for the projecting means.
10. A surface treating apparatus as claimed in claim 1 in which the
particulate material is projected into the surface within the
enclosure in a downwardly and rearwardly direction.
11. A surface treating apparatus as claimed in claim 10 in which
the projecting means comprises a bladed wheel mounted for
rotational movement at high speed for projecting particulate
material centrifugally onto the surface.
Description
This invention relates to a mobile apparatus for surface treatment
with particulate or abrasive material projected at high velocity
onto the surface and it relates more particularly to means for
removal of the particulate material and dust from the surface for
cleaning the treated surface and recovery of the particulate
material for recycle.
In the recently issued U.S. Pat. No. 3,691,689, description is made
of a mobile apparatus for cleaning surfaces with a particulate
abrasive material, wherein the abrasive particles are thrown
centrifugally, at high velocity, downwardly through the bottom open
side of a housing enclosing the exposed surface to be cleaned. The
particulate material, thrown onto the surface at high velocity, is
prevented from ricocheting into the atmosphere by an apron of
resilient material which reaches down to the surface, but is
sufficiently flexible to enable the spent particulate material and
dust to pass under the apron for subsequent removal from the
surface by a rotating brush. The brush sweeps the particulate
material and dust into an elevator which raises the dust and
particulate material to a dust separator whereby the recovered
particulate material is returned as feed to the throwing wheel.
The brush pickup and recovery means associated therewith represents
an extra piece of equipment which materially increases the size of
the machine and the cost of operation due to the additional power
and equipment required as well as the excessive wear on the brush,
requiring frequent replacement. Further, the rotating brush failed
as an effective pickup of the particulate material and dust,
especially when operating over rough and uneven surfaces.
Other methods of pickup, which utilize magnetic means, vacuum
means, or rebound, have been employed as described in the
following: U.S. Pat. No. 3,034,262 (Paulson); U.S. Pat. No.
3,380,196 (Mobille), and U.S. Pat. No. 3,448,544 (Cordon). Such
means have not been found sufficient to effect clean removal of the
spent particulate material and dust. As a result, additional,
separate surface cleaning is required to be performed, with
additional cost as well as corresponding loss of particulate
abrasive.
It is an object of this invention to provide a surface treating
mechanism of the type described which makes use of means for
cleaning or otherwise treating relatively flat surfaces with
abrasive or other particulate material, thrown at high velocity
onto the surface during the surface treating operation, which makes
use of suction means for removing spent abrasive and for cleaning
the treated surface, in which the suction means is assisted by an
air blast for enabling substantially complete removal of the spent
particulate material and dirt from the treated surface, in which
the elements are combined within a compact assembly for movement
over the surface to be treated, and in which use is made of a
minimum number of parts which cooperate one with another for
operation in a simple and efficient manner, without the need for
highly skilled or experienced labor .
These and other objects and advantages of this invention will
hereinafter appear, and for purposes of illustration, but not of
limitation, an embodiment of the invention is shown in the
accompanying drawing, in which -
FIG. 1 is a schematic top plan view of a surface treating device
embodying the features of this invention, and
FIG. 2 is a side elevational view, partially in section, showing
the essential elements of the surface treating device embodying the
features of this invention.
As illustrated in FIG. 1, the surface treating apparatus of this
invention is mounted on a frame 10 having wheels 12 journalled
thereon for movement over substantially flat surfaces 14 to be
cleaned or otherwise treated. The movement of the portable unit can
be effected by hand, or the unit can be motorized, as a
self-powered unit, for movement over the surface with suitable
steering mechanism controlled by an operator seated on or otherwise
working with the unit. Instead, the unit can be rolled over the
surface by a suitable towing mechanism or machine.
The invention will be described with reference to a cleaning device
which makes use of abrasive particles as a surface cleaning agent.
However, it will be understood that the inventive concepts are
applicable to portable apparatus for treatment of surfaces other
than for cleaning, such as for abrading, peening, polishing, and
the like, and wherein use is made of particulate material other
than abrasives, such as metal shot, metal grit, inorganic or
organic powders and the like.
Referring now to FIG. 2 of the drawing from a detailed description
of the cleaning apparatus, the numeral 20 indicates a storage bin
from which the abrasive particles 22 are fed gravitationally
downwardly from an outlet 24 at the bottom into a funnel 26, which
channels the abrasive particles into the central cage of an airless
centrifugal blasting wheel 28, which is rotated at high speed, as
by means of a motor (not shown). The abrasive particles are thrown
in a pattern, with high centrifugal force, from the periphery of
the wheel onto the underlying surface 14.
Centrifugal blasting wheels of the type described are well known to
the trade and are marketed under the trade name Wheelabrator-Frye
Inc. of Meshawaka, Indiana. The invention is not restricted to the
use of such airless centrifugal blasting wheels for propelling the
abrasive particles at high velocity onto the surface, since other
well known means for projecting particles at high speed can be
used, such as an air blast, vapor blast and the like, using
suitable nozzles.
In order to confine the dust, dirt and particulate abrasive in a
manner to prevent contamination of the atmosphere and to protect
others from injury from abrasive particles traveling at high speed,
the blast area, including the area from the wheel to the surface
engaged by the abrasive particles, is enclosed within a guard
housing 30 which terminates a short distance above the surface and
is open at the bottom side so as to expose the surface for
engagement by the particulate abrasive thrown at high velocity from
the wheel. For this purpose, the wheel 28 is mounted in the upper
portion of the housing, in spaced relation above the surface, and
adjusted to throw the abrasive particles in a pattern to engage the
surface rearwardly of the wheel at a slight angle with reference to
the direction of movement of the portable unit.
Since the surfaces to be treated are often uneven or rough, the
lower edge of the protective housing terminates a short distance
above the surface. The intervening space between the housing and
surface is sealed off by resilient skirts 32 which depend from the
side walls of the housing to the bottom level of the device whereby
the resilient skirts engage the surface in a manner to accommodate
any unevenness.
The spaced relation at the front of the housing is provided with a
louvered member 34 to present a barrier to the passage of
particulate abrasive therethrough, while permitting air to enter
through the louvered section into the interior of the housing.
Instead of a louvered or grill section 34, use can be made of a
strip of resilient material, corresponding to the skirts 32 since
sufficient air can be drawn in under the skirts.
A vacuum nozzle 40 extends crosswise of the housing in the area
between the bottom edge of the rear wall of the housing and the
surface, with the bottom wall of the nozzle spaced a short distance
above the surface. When measured from the effective bottom of the
device, the bottom wall 42 of the nozzle should normally be within
the range of 1/4 to 3/4 inch from the bottom or the surface, the
distance depending somewhat on the particle size and weight of the
particulate material to be removed from the surface through the
vacuum nozzle.
Cooperating with the vacuum nozzle and immediately rearward thereof
is a blower nozzle 44 arranged to direct a blast of air forwardly
in the direction of movement of the portable unit and through the
space provided immediately below the vacuum nozzle whereby the air
blast engages the surfaces in the immediate vicinity of the vacuum
nozzle to blow the dust, dirt and particulate material from the
surface into position to be received by the vacuum nozzle. The air
blast is also effective to return any dust, dirt or particulate
material, left by the vacuum nozzle, into the confined space for
subsequent pickup by the vacuum means. For this purpose, the air
nozzle is positioned to engage the surface immediately following
the vacuum nozzle for a substantial distance, with the nozzle
extending close to the bottom for effective engagement with the
surface.
The vacuum nozzle leads into an upwardly extending passage 46 which
terminates in a curvilinear baffle 47 which guides the effluent
into a downwardly direction into a separator housing 48 wherein, in
response to centrifugal force and reduced speed of air flow,
particulate material separates from the air stream while the fine
dust and dirt particles remain entrained therein. The heavier
particles of abrasive fall to the bottom of the separator housing
48 for collection in a trough 50 which extends crosswise of the
housing and into the well 52 of a bucket elevator 56 which is
located alongside of the separator. The trough is fitted with a
screw 54, having a dribble valve to provide an air lock at the end
of the screw within the housing, for displacement of the collected
particulate abrasive laterally from the separator housing into the
well of the bucket elevator which communicates at the upper end
with the storage bin and which operates to convey the separated
particulate material upwardly for release of the recovered
particulate material into the storage bin for re-use.
In the separator, the dust laden air can be exhausted through the
outlet 60 to a dust collector (not shown) operating with fans or
blowers wherein the dust is removed before the air is exhausted
into the atmosphere or in part returned as clean pressurized air to
the blower as hereinafter described. For purposes of economy and
efficiency in operation, it has been found possible to make use of
a portion of the cleaned air withdrawn into the separator, as high
pressure air fed to the air nozzle 44 for blowing the particles and
dust from the surface in the immediate vicinity of the vacuum
nozzle. Thus, the energy employed to effect the withdrawal of air
through the vacuum nozzle and dust collector is utilized to supply
high pressure air to the blower. It is desirable to bleed off a
portion of the air from the separator for processing through the
dust collector to effect dust removal, whereby the amount of
recycle can be within the range of 0 to 80 percent of the air
withdrawn, and preferably in an amount within the range of 20 to 75
percent. The difference between the amount withdrawn and the amount
recycled is made up by air which enters through the louvered front
wall portion of the housing or under skirt seals 32, which air
provides dust control for the operation.
In the absence of recycle, or in addition thereto, air under high
pressure can be introduced through the inlet 62 in communication
with the pressure box 64, to the air nozzle 44, for blowing onto
the surface to be cleaned.
Thus, pickup and removal of dust and particulate material is
effected by the combination of blowing and vacuum applied
simultaneously to substantially the same surface for lifting the
material into the vacuum nozzle for removal, while sweeping any
left-over forwardly for re-entry into the effective area of the
vacuum nozzle. The described "Blow-Vac" system is capable of
accomplishments as follows:
1. Light weight abrasive can be cleanly removed from the surface at
traveling speeds up to 200 FPM without leaving stray materials.
2. Shot, grit or abrasive can be lifted with an exhaust volume from
the suction nozzle of about 630 CFM/ft of width with 390 CFM/ft
being returned to the pressure box 64 feeding the blower or air
nozzle 44.
3. The described system conforms to surfaces such as crowned
surfaces, rippled surfaces, and surfaces having low spots and the
like, regardless of the width of the area to be treated. For wide
surfaces, it is desirable to subdivide the nozzle portions into
separated adjacent segments which are aligned to span the width but
which may be separately suspended for independent movement to
adjust to the underlying surfaces to be treated.
The apparatus described finds beneficial use for cleaning or
treatment of surfaces, such as ships' decks, metal tank roofs,
metal tank walls, concrete or asphalt highways and sidewalks,
parking lots, driveways, aircraft runways, landing strips, building
floors, and roadway strips or other markings applied to the
highways.
It will be understood that changes may be made in the details of
construction, arrangement and operation, without departing from the
spirit of the invention, especially as defined in the following
claims.
* * * * *