U.S. patent number 3,874,533 [Application Number 05/431,082] was granted by the patent office on 1975-04-01 for excavator basket-stick connection.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Esco Manufacturing Corporation. Invention is credited to Donald J. Greer, Robert A. Montgomery.
United States Patent |
3,874,533 |
Montgomery , et al. |
April 1, 1975 |
Excavator basket-stick connection
Abstract
An excavator basket-stick connection utilizing a quick changing,
removable connection adapter so that excavator baskets, i.e., back
hoes, buckets, rippers, etc. can be interchangeably mounted on the
same or different swinging members, viz., dipper sticks and the
like. The adapting device includes a generally elongated U-shaped
frame adapted to hookingly engage the upper free edge of the basket
and opposite this engagement to enter into wedge bearing with the
basket rear outer wall; the adapter frame being equipped with a
plurality of pin receiving openings for connection to the dipper
stick and the mounting lugs on the basket outer rear wall.
Inventors: |
Montgomery; Robert A.
(Danville, IL), Greer; Donald J. (Danville, IL) |
Assignee: |
Esco Manufacturing Corporation
(Portland, OR)
|
Family
ID: |
23710371 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/431,082 |
Filed: |
January 7, 1974 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
414/723;
172/272 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E02F
3/3631 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
E02F
3/36 (20060101); E02f 003/60 () |
Field of
Search: |
;214/145,131A,620
;172/272 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Spar; Robert J.
Assistant Examiner: Weaver; Ross
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Dawson, Tilton, Fallon &
Lungmus
Claims
We claim:
1. A connecting device for interchangeably connecting an excavator
basket to an excavator stick comprising
a generally U-shaped frame having a pair of spaced apart, parallel
elongated members integrated by a bight member adjacent one frame
end,
a cross member further integrating said elongated members spaced
from said one end,
said elongated members extending beyond said bight member at said
one end and formed into curved lugs adapted to hookingly engage an
edge of said basket,
said elongated members adjacent the other frame end being equipped
with aligned openings for the receipt of a pivot pin, said pin also
adapted to engage the basket pivot means,
each elongated member adjacent said bight member being equipped
with a first locking means disposed in confronting relation with
its associated lug for receipt of lock to stabilize said frame on a
basket against movement on said basket parallel to the length of
said elongated members and away from said basket, and
said bight member being equipped with second locking means for
engagement with said basket to stabilize said frame against
movement on said basket perpendicular to the length of said
elongated members.
2. The device of claim 1 in which said bight member lock includes a
slot engageable with a basket protuberance upon hooking engagement
of said elongated member lugs with said basket edge.
3. In combination, an excavator basket, and excavator stick and a
connecting device therebetween releasably fixed to said basket and
pivotally connected to said stick for facilitating
interchangeability,
said basket having a wall equipped with means external of said
basket for optionally pivotally connecting said basket to said
stick, said wall terminating in an upper free edge,
said device including a generally U-shaped frame having a pair of
spaced apart parallel elongated members integrated by a bight
member adjacent one frame end,
a cross member further integrating said elongated member spaced
from said one end,
said elongated members extending beyond said bight member at said
one end and formed into curved lugs hookingly engaging said
edge,
said elongated members adjacent the other frame and being equipped
with aligned openings for the receipt of a pivot pin,
a pin extending through said aligned openings and said basket
external means,
each elongated member adjacent said bight member being equipped
with a first locking means disposed in confronting relation to its
associated lug for the receipt of a lock to stabilize said frame on
said basket against movement on said basket parallel to the length
of said elongated members and away from said basket,
a lock operably associated with each first locking means,
said basket adjacent said edge being equipped with cooperating
locking means adapted to cooperate with second locking means on
said bight member for stabilizing said frame against movement on
said basket perpendicular to the length of said elongated members,
and second locking means on said bight member.
4. The structure of claim 3 in which said wall adjacent said edge
is equipped with a thickened portion for engagement with said
curved lugs.
5. The structure of claim 3 in which said locking means includes a
wedge.
6. An excavator basket adapted to be connected to a plurality of
excavating sticks comprising a generally rectangular box having a
front wall terminating in a free edge for digging and a rear wall
spaced from said front wall, said rear wall having fixed thereto a
pair of spaced apart mounting lugs each equipped with a pin
receiving opening with the openings aligned to receive a pin
disposed generally parallel to said digging edge, said rear wall
also terminating in a free edge having a beam section, said rear
wall and the portion thereof adjacent said free edge being equipped
with inner and outer bearing surfaces, a lock means on said rear
wall between said bearing surfaces for stabilizing said basket
against movement relative to said stick parallel to said digging
edge, said bearing surfaces being arranged to stabilize said basket
against movement relative to said stick in the two other directions
orthogonally related to said digging edge.
7. The structure of claim 6 in which said locking means includes an
upstanding protuberance positioned along the center plane passing
through said front and rear walls.
Description
BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Historically, only a specific basket could be connected to a given
pivoting member. Exemplary of this are the back hoe arrangements
currently employed where the hoe basket is specifically designed
and constructed for the hoe dipper stick. In large measure this has
been due to the need for providing substantial resistance to the
forces encountered in excavating. Further, the basket is intended
to "curl" and this brings in an entirely different set of forces.
More and more, excavating machines are being used in a variety of
ways: lifting, penetrating, tamping, etc. so the stress disposition
may change radically and this has led designers to focus on a
single integrated unit.
Through the practice of the invention, we have avoided this
drawback. By producing a quick changing, removable connecting
adapter one bucket could be utilized on a number of different
machines with varied connections. In the case of one specific
machine, one connection adapter can be used with a number of
different bucket or basket units to provide flexibility and
application such as varying widths of buckets for a specific job or
various classes to suit the different types of material such as
light duty, medium duty and heavy duty.
In one embodiment of the invention, the connecting device includes
a generally U-shaped frame having a pair of spaced apart, parallel
elongated members integrated by a bight member adjacent one frame
end. These elongated members extend beyond the bight member and are
formed into curved lugs adapted to hookingly engage the upper free
edge of the basket. The elongated members are equipped with a
plurality of pin receiving openings to accommodate connection to
both the basket and to the stick. Further, we provide uniquely
disposed and arranged stabilizing means so as to restrain movement
of the basket relative to the stick in three mutually perpendicular
directions.
Additional objects and advantages of the invention may be seen in
the details of the ensuing specification.
DETIALED DESCRIPTION
The invention is described in conjunction with an illustrative
embodiment in the accompanying drawing, in which
FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of the adapter device and
basket constructed according to teachings of this invention;
FIG. 2 is a side elevational view of the elements of FIG. 1 shown
in assembled condition;
FIG. 3 is a fragmentary perspective view of the showing in FIG.
2;
FIGS. 4-7 are fragmentary side elevational views of the elements
seen in FIGS. 1-3 in the process of being assembled and with a
portion of the dipper stick being seen in FIG. 7;
FIG. 8 is another fragmentary perspective view as viewed from the
forward side of the rear wall of the basket; and
FIG. 9 is a fragmentary sectional view of the upper free edge of
the rear wall of the basket.
In the illustration and with reference first to FIG. 1, the numeral
10 designates generally an excavator basket, more specifically, a
back hoe bucket. The basket 10 is generally box-shaped having a
front wall 11, a back wall 12 and side walls 13 and 14. In the
illustration given the front and back walls 11 and 12,
respectively, merge to provide the bottom 15 (see FIG. 2) of the
basket. It will be appreciated that te basket 10 assumes a variety
of attitudes and the term "bottom" is used in the sense of where
the basket 10 is employed in a lifting mode. It further will be
appreciated that the invention has applicability to a wide variety
of baskets, for example, shovel dippers where there is a distinct
bottom in the form of a releasable drop door for discharge of
material scooped by the basket. Although not necessary for the
practice of the invention, the upper free edge 16 (see FIGS. 1 and
2) of the front wall 11 is equipped with a plurality of
spaced-apart outwardly projecting excavating teeth 17. The teeth 17
facilitate the penetration of the material being excavated and are
intended to be replaceable when worn so as to eliminate the need
for costly down time in otherwise repairing the free edge 16 of the
basket 10.
Referring now briefly to FIG. 7, the numeral 10 again generally
designates the excavating basket and seen coupled to that is an
adapted device generally designated 18, serving to interconnect the
basket 10 with a dipper stick 19. Normally the dipper stick 19 is
pivotally connected to the basket 10 but according to the practice
of this invention, the pivotal connection is between the dipper
stick 19 and the adapter device or frame 18 -- the basket 10 being
rigidly and immovably (but removably) connected to the frame
18.
Now referring to FIGS. 1 and 3, it will be seen that the adapter
device includes a generally U-shaped, elongated frame 20 -- made up
of a pair of elongated members 21 and 22 which are integrated by a
cross member 23. We also integgrate the side members 21 and 22 by a
further cross member as at 24. However, as can be appreciated from
a consideration of FIG. 2, the elongated members 21 and 22 are
integrated at the ends thereof connected to the cross member 24 by
means of a mounting pin 25. Thus, the cross member 24 does not play
quite the functional role that the cross member 23 does and hence
we have designated the frame as being U-shaped with the cross
member 23 being the bight portion of the U-shaped frame.
Each of the elongated members 21 and 22 projects beyond the cross
member or bight portion 23 and is formed into a curved lug as at 26
(see FIG. 1). The lug 26 (now referring to FIG. 2) hookingly
engages the upper free edge 27 of the basket rear wall 12. The
preferred shape of the rear wall 12 at the upper free edge 27 can
be seen in detail in FIG. 2.
The rear wall 12 of the basket 10 is equipped with mounting lugs 28
and 29 (see FIG. 1). The functional relationship of the lugs 28 and
29 along with the upper free edge 27 of the rear wall 12 can be
appreciated from the sequence of connection operations depicted in
FIGS. 407. In FIG. 4, the hook portion 26 is shown at the beginning
of its engagement with the upper free edge portion 27. In
proceeding from the showing in FIG. 4 to that in FIG. 5, the
adapter device 18 is being pivoted to bring its "opposite" end
(from that equipped with the lugs 26) into engagement with the lugs
28 and 29. This alignment has been completed in the showing in FIG.
6 and the openings 30 (see the upper left hand portion of FIG. 1,
for example) in the end portions of the members 21 and 22 are
aligned with the openings 31 and 32 in the lugs 28 and 29. This
then makes it possible to insert the end 25 (see FIG. 6). The pin
25 (see FIG. 1) is equipped with an enlargement 33 at one end and
at the other end a collar 34 having operably associated therewith a
keeper 35.
Completing the assembly of the basket 10 and adapter 18 are a pair
of spool and wedge locks. By referring to the exploded form seen in
FIG. 1, it will be appreciated that the spool is designated 36
while the wedge is designated 37 and one set of each lock is
provided for each of the elongated members 21 and 22. For that
purpose, the members 21 and 22 are equipped with recesses or
notches as at 38 (see FIGS. 1 and 4). After the pin 25 has been
inserted (as seen in FIG. 6) the spool and wedge arrangement is
inserted to bring about the showing of the parts in FIG. 7 -- see
also the showing in FIG. 3. In FIG. 3, for example, the spool 36 is
initially installed in the notch 38 and thereafter the wedge 37 is
driven home. The spool 36 is seen to have upstanding rib ends as at
39 an 40 which accommodate the positioning of the spool 36 relative
to its associated elongated member 21 or 22, as the case may be.
Additionally, the confronting faces of the spool 36 and its
associated wedge 37 may be fluted as at 41 (see FIG. 1) to provide
superior holding power. Normally, after the arrangement of the
basket 10 and adapter 18 of FIG. 7 is achieved, the dipper stick 19
is connected to the adapter 18. For this purpose, the adapter 18 in
each of the elongated members 21 and 22 is equipped with spaced
apart openings as at 42 and 43 (see FIG. 6). In some instances we
find it advantageous to provide a further set of openings as at 44
and 45 (one each for the elongated members 21 and 22, thereby
accommodating the adapter 18 to even further sizes of dipper
sticks.
For the purpose of insuring a stable mounting of the spool and
wedge lock 36-37, we provide the outer upper rear wall 12 with a
relatively flat bearing surface as at 46 (see FIG. 1). More
particularly, the effective part of the surface 46 is that
designated 46' in FIG. 9 and which is disposed for confronting
relation with the underside of the wedge 37 (see FIG. 7).
Again referring to FIG. 9, it will be noted that the upper free
edge 27 is equipped with a protuberance 47 (see also FIG. 1). The
protuberance 47 (see FIG. 8) engages an integral recess 48 provided
on the bight member 23 of the U-shaped frame 18. This locking
arrangement (of the elements 47 and 48) along with the relationship
of the mounting lugs 28 and 29 relative to the elongated member 21
and 22, provide support against side forces, i.e., restrains the
basket 10 from moving sidewardly relative to the adapter device 18.
By sidewardly, we refer to movement parallel with the free digging
edge 16.
There are three other contact areas between the basket 10 and
adapter device 18. First, there is the frame mounting pin 25
coupling the mounting lugs 28 and 29 to the elongated members 21
and 22 -- more particularly extending through the aligned openings
29, 30 and 31. This serves to prevent movement in the two
orthogonal directions perpendicular to the length of the free
digging edge 16. A second contact is that developed by the spool
and wedge assembly 36-37 against the surface of the recess 38 in
the elongated members 21 and 22, and the beam bearing surface 46 of
the basket 10. The third contact is between the lug ends 26 of the
elongated members 21 and 22 and a second beam bearing surface
provided in the generally V-shaped upper free edge 27. We have
designated this second beam bearing surface by the numeral 27' in
FIG. 9. These three connections or contacts serve to resist the
major digging and material handling loads. Any load of this type
will cause a moment around the frame mounting pin 25. The direction
of the moment determines the loading upon the frame.
From the foregoing, it is seen that each basket 10, standing by
itself, contains the following distinctive features: a set of
connection frame mounting lugs 26, a connection frame positioning
and lateral stabilizing block or protuberance 47, a bearing surface
continuous across the beam width for wedge support as at 46', and a
bearing surface continuous across the beam width for connection lug
retention as at 27'. Since it is intended that any connection or
adapter frame is to assembly onto any bare basket 10, all baskets
are intended to be identical. Thus, all mounting lugs 28 and 29 are
advantageously of identical thickness and spacing. The mounting pin
holes 30 of the adapter frame 18 are of identical bore diameter and
location with respect to the beam bearing surfaces 46' and 27'. The
frame positioning and stabilizing protuberance 47 is located on the
beam front surface, i.e., the upper free edge of the rear wall 12,
along the basket center line, viz., on the mid-plane extending
through the front and back walls 11 and 12. It will be appreciated
that an additional purpose of the protuberance or other lock means
is to align the adapter frame 18 with the basket 10 and thus
facilitate assembly. This locking means (consisting, as pictured,
of elements 47 and 48) absorbs shear loads while preventing
relative sideways movement between frame and basket and subsequent
loosening of the spool and wedge assemblies, thereby performing a
cooperative action between the two locks. In other words, the first
locking means includes the elements 36, 37, 38 and 46 and
stabilizes the adapter frame 18 against movement parallel to the
length of the elongated members 21 and 22 which carry the notches
or recesses 38. The second locking means (consisting, as pictured,
of the elements 47 and 48) stabilize the basket (or, alternatively
frame 18) against relative movement perpendicular to the length of
the elongated members.
In the illustrated embodiment we provide a constant cross section
top beam, viz., the free edge portion 27 as seen in FIG. 9, to
provide bearing surfaces for retention of both the wedges 37 and
connection lugs 26. We provide this constant section over the full
width of the basket 10 to accommodate the various machine
connections for which the lug spacing may vary from 9 inches to 24
inches with the thicknesses of the lugs 28 and 29 varying from 1
inch to 2 1/2 inches. In some instances it is advantageous to boss
the elongated members 21 and 22 as at 49 in the upper central
portion of FIG. 3. This permits matching the spread of the adapter
frame 18 to the spread of the mounting lugs 28 and 29. Also seen in
FIG. 3 are additional bosses as at 50, 51 and 52 which may be used
for this purpose but also are advantageous in providing superior
journals or bearings for the various pins received therein. It will
be appreciated that the bosses (as at 49) may be attached to the
outside or inside of the elongated members 41 and 22 depending on
whether the spread is less than or greater than the spread of the
frame mounting lugs 28 and 29. It will be seen that the elongated
members 21 and 22 which also can be considered connection lugs, are
primary components of the adapter assembly 18 containing the spool
bearing surfaces (by virtue of the inner surfaces of the recesses
38), the beam bearing surface (as at 26' in FIG. 5), the dipper
stick connection pin holes 42 and 43 and the frame mounting pin
holes 30.
OPERATION
FIGS. 4-7 illustrate the procedure for assembling the adapter frame
18 onto the basket 10. As seen in FIG. 4, the underside of the
frame 18 is positioned adjacent the upper free edge or beam top
surface of the rear wall 12 -- and with the lug hooks 26 reaching
under the beam V section while centering the frame over the
protuberance 47. Thereafter, as seen in FIG. 5, the adapter frame
18 is rotated around the beam, engaging the protuberance 47 with
the mating recess 48. When the frame mounting pin holes align (see
FIG. 6), the pin 25 and associated collar and keeper 34, 35, are
installed. Finally, the spools 36 are installed and thereafter the
wedges 37. The wedges are driven home to tighten and stabilize the
connection between the frame 18 and the basket 10. Thus, the
adapter frame 18 is retained on the basket 10 by the pin 25 and a
unique clamping action around the hoe beam or upper enlarged free
edge 27 at the front or top of the adapter frame 18. Because of the
unique geometry involved, the pin 25 must be removed to permit
disassembly. Therefore, if the spools and wedges 36-37 should
happen to loosen, the connection assembly cannot fall apart. Upon
tightening the wedges 37, the frame 18 pivots with respect to the
basket 10 on the mounting pin 25. This action is restrained by the
lug hooks 26, eliminating vertical looseness. Horizontal tightening
occurs through the wedging of the inclined beam surface 27' against
the lug hooks 26. With movement prevented sideways by the
stabilizing protuberance 47, the frame 18 is effectively attached
to the basket or hoe 10. The use of the pin retention as pictured
makes possible satisfactory clearance around the machine stick 19
during bucket curl. Further, the attachment points are
substantially removed from the basket center line to yield maximum
stability.
Although we have depicted one of the connections in terms of a
spool and wedge combination, it will be appreciated that other
types of connections are possible. Preferably, a variable expansion
system is employed for this purpose.
While in the foregoing specification a detailed description of an
embodiment of the invention has been set down for the purpose of
illustration, many variations in the details hereingiven may be
made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit
and scope of the invention.
* * * * *