U.S. patent number 3,872,195 [Application Number 05/299,318] was granted by the patent office on 1975-03-18 for method of molding concrete coping.
Invention is credited to William J. Stegmeier.
United States Patent |
3,872,195 |
Stegmeier |
March 18, 1975 |
METHOD OF MOLDING CONCRETE COPING
Abstract
In the method of molding concrete coping, the side walls of the
pool are first covered with tile or other water-impervious finish,
and a disposable mold form having a surface portion thereof
configurated in the finished shape to be imposed thereby upon the
coping and having also an attachment portion equipped with a
double-faced pressure-sensitive tape is secured by means of such
tape to the finished surface of the pool walls with the
configurated surface portions of the mold form projecting
thereabove. A water stop or seal structure is inserted between a
part of the attachment portion of the mold form and pool wall, and
is secured to each prior to a moldable mass of concrete being
spread against the mold form. Upon curing of the concrete mass, the
tear strip component of the seal structure is separated from the
seal component thereof along such line of weakness, and such
separation of the tear strip component is effective to strip the
mold form from the pool walls and coping.
Inventors: |
Stegmeier; William J. (Concord,
CA) |
Family
ID: |
26851835 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/299,318 |
Filed: |
October 20, 1972 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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154865 |
Jun 21, 1971 |
3708930 |
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819173 |
Apr 25, 1969 |
3605357 |
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761726 |
Sep 23, 1968 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
264/35; 52/98;
52/102; 264/135; 52/100; 249/DIG.3; 264/313; 264/317 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E04B
1/6803 (20130101); E04H 4/141 (20130101); Y10S
249/03 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
E04H
4/14 (20060101); E04B 1/68 (20060101); E04H
4/00 (20060101); E04b 001/16 () |
Field of
Search: |
;264/35,32,313,317,135
;4/172,172.21 ;249/DIG.3 ;52/98,100,102,396 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Silbaugh; Jan H.
Assistant Examiner: Pavelko; Thomas P.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Zimmerman, Esq.; C. Michael
Parent Case Text
RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a division of my copending application Ser. No.
154,865, filed June 21, 1971 now U.S. Pat. No. 3,708,930 which is a
division of application Ser. No. 819,173, filed Apr. 25, 1969 (now
U.S. Pat. No. 3,605,357), which is a continuation-in-part of my
copending patent application Ser. No. 761,726, filed Sept. 23,
1968.
Claims
1. In a method of forming a coping along the upper edges of the
generally vertical walls of a swimming pool or the like, the steps
of providing an elongated form section having a surface portion
thereof configurated in the finished shape to be imposed thereby
upon such coping and having also an attachment portion facing in
the same general direction as said configurated surface portion,
providing a seal structure having a separable tear strip component
and a seal component equipped with a barrier element, supporting
said form section along said walls adjacent the upper edges thereof
with said attachment portion oriented in facing relation with the
inner surface of said walls and with said configurated surface
portion projecting thereabove, positioning said seal structure
along the upper edges of said walls with said separable tear strip
component between said form section and the inner surface of said
walls and said barrier element of said seal component along such
upper edges of said walls, securing said tearable strip component
to said form section, spreading a moldable mass of concrete against
said form section and permitting such mass to cure, and separating
said tear strip component from said seal component to remove said
form section from such concrete
2. The method of claim 1 in which said seal component has a skirt
element transversely oriented relative to said barrier element so
as to extend along such vertical walls facing the inner surfaces
thereof, in which said tear strip component has an inverted
generally L-shaped configuration with the transversely oriented
member thereof coverging downwardly toward said skirt element to
define a generally V-shaped space therebetween, and in which the
step of separating said tear strip component from said seal
component includes developing a wedging force effectively operative
within said V-shaped space to displace said transversely oriented
member away from said skirt element to separate said tear strip
component from said
3. The method of claim 1 in which such swimming pool is provided
with a relatively smooth finish along the inner surfaces of said
vertical walls and the attachment portion of said form section is
equipped with a pressure-sensitive adhesive, and in which the step
of supporting said form section along said walls includes pressing
the adhesive of said attachment portion against said finish to
adhesively secure said form section to said
4. The method of claim 1 in which the step of positioning said seal
structure along the upper edges of said walls is subsequent to
supporting said form section initially therealong, and includes
inserting said separable tear strip component between the
attachment portion of said form
5. The method of claim 1 wherein said step of securing said
tearable strip component to said form section comprises the step of
applying an elastomeric mastic to said seal structure in
overlapping relationship with
6. The method of claim 5 including the further step of applying an
elastomeric mastic to said seal structure in overlapping relation
with said upper edges of said walls and said seal component of said
seal structure to thereby secure said seal component to said walls
and support
7. In a method of forming a coping along the upper edges of the
generally vertical walls of a swimming pool or the like, the steps
of providing an elongated form section having a surface portion
thereof configurated in the finished shape to be imposed thereby
upon such coping and having also an attachment portion facing in
the same general direction as said configurated surface portion,
providing a seal structure having a seal component equipped with a
barrier element and a skirt element transversely oriented relative
to said barrier element to extend along such vertical walls,
supporting said form section along said vertical walls adjacent the
upper edges thereof with said attachment portion oriented in facing
relation with the inner surface of said walls and with said
configurated surface portion projecting thereabove, positioning
said seal structure along the upper edges of said walls with said
skirt disposed in facing relation with the inner surfaces thereof,
spreading a moldable mass of concrete against said form section and
permitting such mass to cure, and removing said form section from
such concrete mass and said vertical
8. The method of claim 7 including the further step of applying an
elastomeric mastic to said seal structure in overlapping relation
with said upper edges of said walls to secure said seal structure
thereto prior to said step of spreading a moldable mass of concrete
against said form
9. The method of claim 7 in which such swimming pool is provided
with a relatively smooth finish along the inner surfaces of said
vertical walls and the attachment portion of said form section is
equipped with a pressure-sensitive adhesive, and in which the step
of supporting said form section along said walls includes pressing
the adhesive of said attachment portion against said finish to
adhesively secure said form section to said
10. The method of claim 7 in which the step of positioning said
seal structure along the upper edges of said walls is subsequent to
supporting said form section therealong and includes inserting said
skirt element between the attachment portion of said form section
and the inner surfaces
11. The method of claim 9 in which the step of providing a
pressure-sensitive adhesive along the attachment portion of said
form section comprises securing one side of a relatively
non-stretchable double-faced pressure-sensitive tape strip to said
attachment portion, the other side of said tape-strip being pressed
against said finish to adhesively secure said form section to said
vertical walls as aforesaid.
Description
NON-STRETCHABLE ATTACHMENT
This invention relates generally to the construction of swimming
pools and the like and, more particularly, to a seal structure for
use along a concrete coping overlying the upper edges of a swimming
pool and to a method of utilizing such seal structure in molding
the coping.
In constructing a concrete swimming pool, the commonly followed
practice is to first build the upwardly extending concrete side
walls and bottom walls therefor, usually as an integer and by a
technique known as the gunnite process. After the concrete side
walls have at least partially cured, wooden strips (sometimes
referred to as ledgers and which are often 2 .times. 6's) are
nailed directly to the side walls along the upper edges thereof,
and then face strips (often wooden 1 .times. 6's) are nailed to the
ledgers and extend upwardly therefrom and define a mold therewith
adapted to confine a mass of moldable concrete spread thereagainst
which, when cured and the face and ledger strips removed, defines a
coping extending inwardly from and overhanging the upper edges of
the pool side walls such overhanging coping often being referred to
in the art as a "cantilever deck". Thereafter, the tile or other
water-impervious finish for the side walls is secured to the inner
surfaces thereof, and grout is interposed between the upper edge of
such tile and the overhanging coping. Finally, a rubber fillet is
positioned in the corner defined along the grout so as to enclose
such corner and make the same substantially watertight.
It may be noted that the upwardly extending side walls of a
water-filled pool experience little thermal expansion and
contraction since they are almost completely immersed within the
body of water confined within the pool and are therefore maintained
at a relatively constant temperature. In contrast, the concrete
coping at the top of the pool is almost continuously experiencing
thermally induced expansion and contraction because it is exposed
directly to the ambient atmosphere and its temperature therefore
varies with changes in ambient conditions. As a consequence, there
is relative expansion and contraction between the side walls of the
pool and the coping thereof, and the common fabrication practice
included attempts to accommodate such relative movement along the
juncture of the side walls and coping while still providing a
watertight seal therealong by the use of grout and the rubber
fillet thereover. It will be evident that both the grout and
exposed rubber fillet are subject to cracking, wherefore the
juncture protected thereby is prone to permit water seepage.
In view of the foregoing, an object, among others, of the present
invention is to provide an improved joint between the upwardly
extending side walls of a pool and the coping therealong, and which
joint is substantially sealed against penetration by moisture and
automatically accommodates and compensates for any slight
variations in elevation and surface flatness of the upper edge of
the pool side walls where they meet the coping to define such
point. Another object of the invention is that of providing an
improved seal structure having a seal component equipped with a
barrier element adapted to extend along such pool walls in
interposed relation between the inner surface portions of the upper
edges thereof and the coping overlying the same so as to effect
such improved joint therebetween, and which seal structure further
has a tear strip component frangibly attached to the seal component
thereof along a line of mergence enabling separation of the tear
strip component following the molding operation in which the coping
is formed along the upper edges of the pool walls.
Still a further object is in the provision of an improved method of
molding a concrete coping along the upper edges of a swimming pool
or the like, and which method enables the water tile or
water-impervious finish to be secured to the upwardly extending
side walls of the pool before the coping is formed therealong,
thereby resulting in a more attractive appearance, better fit of
the coping, elimination of the requirements for grouting and the
necessity of a rubber fillet, and also resulting in a long lasting,
substantially watertight seal being effected between the walls and
coping. Additional objects and advantages of the invention,
especially as concerns particular features and characteristics
thereof, will become apparent as the specification develops.
An embodiment of the invention is illustrated in the accompanying
drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a broken vertical sectional view showing an upper inner
edge portion of the side wall of a pool with a mold form and seal
structure in position therealong;
FIG. 2 is a broken vertical sectional view, similar to that of FIG.
1, but showing the wall portion after the coping-defining concrete
mass has been spread against the form;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged, broken vertical sectional view, similar to
that of FIG. 2, but showing the step of stripping the mold form
from the pool wall; and
FIG. 4 is an enlarged, transverse sectional view of a seal
structure embodying the invention.
As respects the present invention, the upwardly extending side
walls and bottom wall of the swimming pool may be formed in any
conventional manner, and ordinarily are fabricated of concrete as
shown. The generally vertical or upwardly extending walls may be
enlarged somewhat in thickness at their upper ends to form a bond
beam which is rather standard practice. By way of example, the
concrete walls of the pool may have a thickness of about 4 inches
throughout most of their extent, but at their upper ends the side
walls enlarge to about 11 inches in thickness for a vertical depth
of approximately 1 foot to define such bond beam at the upper edges
thereof. The portion of the pool illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 is
denoted in general with the numeral 10, and it has an upper edge 11
and an inner face or surface 12. The face 12 has a water-impervious
finish 13 secured thereto which may be ceramic tile attached to the
face in the usual manner as, for example, by means of adhesive or
concrete bed mud. As stated hereinbefore, as respects these
features and characteristics of the pool, they may be completely
conventional and per se form no part of the present invention.
Secured to the upwardly extending walls 10 of the pool adjacent the
upper edge 11 thereof is a disposable mold form 14 comprising a
plurality of form sections (only one of which is shown) that may be
identical except that certain of the sections are bent so as to
conform to any curvatures and corner portions located along the
side walls of the pool. In FIGS. 1 and 2, the form section shown
has an inside bend formed therealong. In a typical instance, each
length or section of the form 14 is integral from end-to-end
thereof and has a length of about 9 feet, is also formed of a
lightweight material having myriad interstitial spaces therein as,
for example, one of the synthetic plastics such as the plastic
material sold under the trademark Styrofoam.
The mold form 14 has a surface portion 15 configurated in the
finished shape to be imposed thereby upon a coping molded
thereagainst (as shown in FIG. 2) and which coping is denoted with
the numeral 16. The configurated surface portion 15 has a reversely
oriented, somewhat C-shaped disposition in cross section so that
the coping 16 has slightly rounded top and bottom edge portions 17
and 18, respectively. Each section 14 further has an attachment
portion (generally denoted 19) which faces in the same direction as
that of the configurated surface portion 15, and is provided
centrally with a longitudinally extending channel 20 defining a
pair of vertically spaced ribs or feet 21 and 22 adapted to be
attached along the tile or finish 13, as described hereinafter.
In order to indicate the general order of the size of the mold form
14, in the specific instance thereof referred to hereinbefore in
which each section has a length of about 9 feet, it may have a
thickness of about 2 inches at the rib-equipped attachment portion
19 thereof and a height of approximately 6 inches with about 4
inches thereof projecting above the upper edge 11 of the pool side
wall 10. The form sections 14 may be fabricated in the
configuration shown in any suitable manner, as, for example, by
being machined from elongated bar stock or, depending upon the
particular material employed, might be extruded, formed-in-place or
otherwise molded. For more particular details concerning the mold
form 14, reference may be made to my copending patent application,
Ser. No. 761,726, filed Sept. 23, 1968.
Extending along the attachment portion 19 of the mold form 14 is a
tape strip 25 which is a two-sided or double-sided
pressure-sensitive tape adhesively secured along one side thereof
to the mold form 14 and adhesively secured along its other side to
the finish 13 of the pool 10. Thus, each section of the mold form
14 is adhesively secured to the upwardly extending walls 10 of the
pool by means of the tape strip 25 which is substantially
non-strecchable and, for example, might be fiberglass tape or an
adhesive transfer tape. As respects the present invention, the tape
25 may be any one of a number of commercially available tapes, and
may be sufficiently wide to cover the two ribs 21 and 22 and the
channel 20 defined therebetween, but most conveniently a somewhat
narrower tape strip is used which terminates below the lower
terminus of a seal component or water stop 26 interposed between
the finish 13 and the upper rib 21 of the attached portion 19.
Thus, the tape strip 25 may be conveniently restricted to the
vertical height of the rib 22, as shown. It will be noted in FIGS.
1 and 2 that a tape strip 27 is adhesively attached to the upper
edge portion 28 of the mold form 14 for purposes of preventing
elongation thereof as it traverses an inside bend as described in
my aforesaid copending patent application.
The seal or water stop structure 26 comprises a seal component 29
and a tear strip component 30. The seal component 29 includes a
flat barrier element 31 adapted to be disposed in the generally
horizontal orientation illustrated in the drawings and a skirt
element 32 that extends downwardly from the element 31 along the
inner edge thereof and is, accordingly, transversely oriented with
respect to such element 29. In the particular form shown, the
angular disposition of the elements 31 and 32 is substantially
90.degree., and the skirt element is adapted to extend along the
side walls 12 of the pool in substantially contiguous relation with
the water-impervious finish 13 thereof. Along its outer edge, the
barrier element 31 is equipped with a relatively short depending
lip 33 adapted to seat upon the upper edge 11 of the pool side
walls, as shown. The lip 33 is adapted to prevent a body of mastic
34 used to adhesively secure the seal structure 26 to the upper
edges 11 of the pool wall from flowing into the space defined
between such upper edge and the overlying barrier element 31.
Extending upwardly from the barrier element 31 are a pair of spaced
apart protuberances 35 and 36 -- the first of which is materially
higher than the second -- and such protuberances are adapted to be
embedded within the concrete that cures to form the coping 16. The
protuberances 35 and 36 have oppositely turned ledges or ribs 37
and 38, respectively, adapted to increase the bond with any
material enclosing the same which usually is a body of mastic 34
used to secure the seal structure to the upper edges 11 of the
pool, as is evident in FIGS. 2 and 3. For a similar purpose, the
protuberance 35 is T-shaped and has a generally horizontal cross
bar 39 at its upper end.
The tear strip component 30 has an inverted, generally L-shaped
configuration and includes a relatively narrow base 40 oriented in
substantially coplanar relation with the barrier element 31. The
tear strip component 30 further includes a transversely oriented
member 41 that extends downwardly from the base 40 and converges
toward the skirt element 32 so as to define a generally V-shaped
tool-receiving space 42 therebetween. The member 41 is transversely
disposed relative to the barrier element 31, and it extends
downwardly to a greater distance than the skirt 32 so as to overlie
the same. The tear strip component 30 is frangibly attached to the
seal component 29, and such attachment is defined by a line of
weakness 43 formed adjacent the juncture of the skirt 32 with the
barrier element 31. Such line of weakness defines the only
attachment of the tear strip component 30 to the seal component 29,
and in this reference it will be noted that the skirt 32 at its
lower terminus is separated from the transverse member 41, as shown
at 44.
FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrate a body of mastic 45 used to secure the
seal structure 26 to the mold form 14, and for this same purpose
the transverse member 41 may be equipped with a plurality of
laterally projecting barbs 46 adapted to project into and grip the
mold form 14. The mastic bodies 34 and 45 may comprise any suitable
material having adhesive properties tending to secure it to the
seal structure 26, upper edges of the pool walls and form 14, an
example of such material being liquid rubber which is commercially
available and is spread as a liquid that hardens into a relatively
firm mass, e.g., polyurethane liquid rubber.
Evidently, the seal structure 26 is integral and may be formed of
any suitable material as, for example, one of the relatively firm
plastics (vinyl, for instance) which may be extruded in the
configuration illustrated and cut into strips of any desired
length. In order to indicate the general order of size of the seal
structure 26, a specific instance thereof has a dimension of
approximately 5/8 of an inch from the undersurface of the barrier
element 29 to the lower tip of the transverse member 41 with such
member 41 extending about 1/8 of an inch below the lower terminus
of the skirt 32. The barrier element 31 has a width of about 5/16
of an inch from the protuberance 35 to the line of weakness 43, and
the base 40 has a width of approximately 1/16 of an inch. The
protuberance 35 has a height of about 3/8 of an inch, the
protuberance 36 is about 3/32 of an inch in height, and the space
between the protuberances 35 and 36 is about 1/8 of an inch.
In use of the seal structure 26 in providing the concrete coping 16
along the upper edge of a swimming pool, the inner surfaces of the
side walls of such pool are first equipped with the tile or other
water-impervious finish 13, as shown in FIGS. 1 through 3. Each
form section used to provide the mold form 14 (assumed to have the
tape strip 25 along the attachment portion 19 thereof) has the
exposed side of such strip pressed against the finish 13 of the
pool with the configurated surface portion 15 of the mold form
projecting above the upper edge 11 of the pool, as shown in FIG. 1.
As many form sections are provided as is necessary to assure a
continuous mold form about the side walls of the pool, and the
various sections are abutted along their adjacent edges and are cut
to the lengths necessary.
When all of the sections are in place (the order in which all of
the sections are first secured along the pool walls need not be
explicitly followed), appropriate lengths of the seal structures 26
are located as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 by pressing the depending
skirt 32 and transverse member 41 between the surface 14 of the
pool and the upper rib 21 of the mold form. The seal structure is
pressed downwardly so as to seat the lip 33 firmly upon the upper
edge 11 of the adjacent pool wall, and the skirt element 32 is
located so as to be in substantially contiguous relation with the
finish 13 of the pool wall. The barbs 46 project into the
relatively soft surface of the mold form 14, and since they are
pointed upwardly serve to hold the seal structure 26 securely in
the position shown. As many lengths or sections of seal structures
26 are used as necessary to form an uninterrupted succession
thereof about the pool, and the structures are secured to both the
upper edges 11 of the pool walls and mold form 14 by the mastic
bodies 34 and 45 which are applied along the respective edge
portions of the seal structure, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. After
the mastic has cured, a moldable mass of amorphous concrete is
spread against the configurated surface portion 14 of the mold form
so that the desired finished shape is imposed thereby upon the
coping 16.
After the concrete mass defining the coping 16 has cured, at least
to the point that it is self-sustaining, the mold form 14 and tear
strip component 30 of the seal structure 26 are removed, thereby
leaving the coping 16 and seal component 29 of the seal structure
as shown in part in FIG. 3. Such stripping of the mold form 14 from
the water-impervious finish 13 along the pool walls and from the
concrete coping 16 may be accomplished (as shown in FIG. 3) by
first breaking away a sufficient portion of the mold form 14 to
expose the tear strip component 30 of the seal structure, and by
then breaking away a portion of the transverse member 41 at one
location so as to permit insertion into the space 42 of a tool 47
such as a screwdriver to serve as a wedge or lever to pry the tear
strip component 30 away from the skirt 32, thereby separating the
same along the tear line or line of weakness 43. Such lateral
displacement of the tear strip component 30 effects separation of
the mold form 14 from the pool wall and permits the mold form to
fall free thereof along with the tear strip component 30.
By removing the mold form 14 and tear strip component 30 in the
manner described, substantially no lateral pulling force is applied
to the seal component 29 and as a result there is no chipping of
the concrete coping 16 adjacent the juncture thereof with the
finish 13 of the pool wall. Since the mastic body 45 is attached to
the strip component 30 and mold form 14, it is removed therewith
and, as a consequence, there is no requirement for scraping or
otherwise removing mastic from the walls of the pool or coping 16.
Accordingly, there is a clean, sharp juncture of the coping 16 with
the pool walls -- which juncture is defined by the depending skirt
32 along the upper edge thereof or, more particularly, along the
line of weakness 43.
While in the foregoing specification an embodiment of the invention
has been set forth in considerable detail for purposes of making a
complete disclosure thereof, it will be apparent to those skilled
in the art that numerous changes may be made in such details
without departing from the spirit and principles of the
invention.
* * * * *