U.S. patent number 3,871,146 [Application Number 05/450,745] was granted by the patent office on 1975-03-18 for constant module system.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Trebron Holdings Ltd.. Invention is credited to Norbert Hamy.
United States Patent |
3,871,146 |
Hamy |
March 18, 1975 |
CONSTANT MODULE SYSTEM
Abstract
A modular construction system comprised of a plurality of
modular constructional units which are capable of being linked to
similar modules in order to form a chain or constructed assembly
thereof. The modular units are formed or constructed with similar
modular segments each having a pair of opposed frame-like members
with a connecting substrate extending therebetween. End and side
enclosure panels may be connected to the constructed unit. These
units may be used in the construction of structural members such as
buildings or bridges, or as containers for transport of cargo or in
other applications.
Inventors: |
Hamy; Norbert (Beaconsfield,
Quebec, CA) |
Assignee: |
Trebron Holdings Ltd. (Regina,
Saskatchewan, CA)
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Family
ID: |
26957816 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/450,745 |
Filed: |
March 13, 1974 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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276163 |
Jul 28, 1972 |
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44012 |
Jun 8, 1970 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
52/79.7; D25/4;
52/606; 52/79.13; 52/610; 52/223.9; 52/223.5 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E01D
1/00 (20130101); E04B 1/34815 (20130101); E01D
2101/40 (20130101); E01D 2101/30 (20130101); E04B
2001/3583 (20130101); E01D 2101/34 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
E04B
1/348 (20060101); E01D 1/00 (20060101); E04B
1/35 (20060101); E04b 001/348 (); E04f
017/08 () |
Field of
Search: |
;52/79,220,221,264,236,475,495,606,610,656,236,228,230 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
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684,712 |
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Mar 1967 |
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BE |
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6,804,097 |
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Oct 1967 |
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NL |
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Primary Examiner: Sutherland; Henry C.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Young & Thompson
Parent Case Text
This a continuation of application Ser. No. 276,163, filed July 28,
1972 which is a continuation-in-part of my co-pending application
Ser. No. 44,012, filed June 8, 1970, for a constant module
container system (now abandoned).
Claims
I claim:
1. A hollow generally rectangular modular construction unit
constructed with a plurality of generally similar end frames which
are joined together to form the generally rectangular modular
construction unit, said modular construction unit comprising:
a. a first pair of opposed spaced-apart generally parallel end
frame segments,
b. a second pair of opposed spaced-apart generally parallel end
frame segments,
c. each of the end frame segments in said first pair of segments
being substantially identical in construction to the end frame
segments in said second pair of end frame segments,
d. each of said end frame segments comprising;
1. a first limb,
a. said first limb having a pair of spaced-apart plates,
b. extension means connecting said plates together in said
spaced-apart relationship,
c. means forming an elongated slot at one end of said first limb
between said plate,
d. one of said spaced-apart plates having an outwardly presented
first connecting end wall,
e. the other of said second-apart plates having an outwardly
presented second end wall,
2.
2. a second limb at a mutually angled relationship with respect to
said first limb,
a. said second limb having a plurality of angularly located side
walls forming a hollow tubular member,
b. projection means extending outwardly from the plane of one of
said side walls and being sized for snug fitting disposition within
the slot in said first limb,
e. said first pair of said end frame segments being capable of
being joined together to form a first end frame,
f. first connecting means for connecting the first pair of end
frame segments together to form the first end frame,
g. said second pair of end frame segments being capable of being
joined together to form a second end frame,
h. second connecting means for connecting the second pair of end
frame segments together to form the second end frame,
i. said first and second end frames capable of being joined
together to form a generally rectangular modular unit,
j. third connecting means for connecting the first end frame to the
second end frame to thereby form said generally rectangular modular
unit,
k. a first generally rectangular base member for use with said
first end frame,
l. a second generally rectangular base member for use with said
second end frame,
m. each of said base members being substantially identical in
construction and
1. each said base member having first and second pairs opposed and
generally side margins,
2. each said base member also having a first generally planar major
surface,
3. each said base member further having a second generally planar
major surface opposed to said first major surface,
n. first securement means for connecting each of the first pair of
side margins of the first base member to the respective connecting
end walls of the first pair of end frame segments in the first end
frame,
o. second securement means for connecting each of the first pair of
margins of the second base member to the respective connecting end
walls of the second pair of end frame segments in the second end
frame,
p. the connecting walls of the end frame segments in each said pair
of end frames being located in abutting engagement with each of the
respective first pair of side margins of the associated base
members,
q. the end frame segments in each of said pair of end frames
extending outwardly and in generally perpendicular relationship to
the opposed planar major surfaces of the associated base
members,
r. said first and second base members each having one of their
margins in the second pair of parallel side margins in juxtaposed
abutting engagement when the first and second end frames are
connected together, and
s. the first generally planar surface of each of said first and
second base members are coplanar and generally coextensive when the
first and second
end frames are connected together. 2. The modular construction unit
of claim 1, wherein the extension means connecting together said
spaced-apart plates of said first limb are tubular extension
means.
3. The modular construction unit of claim 1, wherein said second
limb is provided with four angularly located side walls to form a
rectangularly shaped hollow tubular member.
4. The modular construction unit of claim 1, wherein each of said
end frame segments is comprised of a pair of first limbs and a pair
of second limbs.
5. The modular construction unit of claim 1, wherein a first planar
member similar in construction to said first base member extends
between and is secured to the first and second end frame segments
of said first end frame, and wherein said first planar member is
spaced from and lies in generally parallel relationship to said
first base member, and a second planar member similar in
construction to said second base member extends between and is
secured to the first and second end frame segments of the second
end frame, and wherein said second planar member is spaced from and
lies in generally parallel relationship to said second base
member.
6. The modular construction unit of claim 1, wherein the basic
internal dimensions of said modular units are altered by insertion
of splicing elements between the base members associated with
adjacent end frame segments.
7. The modular construction unit of claim 1, wherein at least the
first pair of said end frame segments includes at least one
aperture extending therethrough and the first base member includes
at least one aperture extending between said opposed pair of major
surfaces of said first base member, and which apertures are in
communication with each other.
8. A combination of a plurality of the modular construction units
of claim 1 being assembled and secured together in an end to end
relationship, and means for fixedly securing said units
together.
9. The combination of claim 8, wherein at least one pair of end
frame segments and the associated base member of the first end
frame in each modular construction unit includes at least one
axially extending aperture between said opposed pair of major faces
in the base member, and tensioning means extending between adjacent
joined modular construction units, said tensioning means being
adapted to tension said combination of units without placing said
modular construction units under tension.
10. The modular construction unit of claim 5, wherein the first
planar member associated with one of the first end frame lies in
juxtaposed butting side-to-side relationship with the second planar
member associated with the other of the second end frame when the
first and second end frames are joined together.
11. A one-piece segmented base unit suitable for forming a modular
construction unit with generally similar base units when assembled
together, each said one-piece base unit comprising:
a. a generally planar substrate member,
1. said substrate member having first and second pairs of opposed
generally parallel side margins,
2. said substrate member also having a first major planar
surface,
3. said substrate member further having a second major planar
surface opposed to said first major planar surface,
b. a pair of opposed spaced-apart generally parallel end frame
segments,
c. each of said end frame segments comprising:
1. a first limb,
a. said first limb having a pair of spaced-apart plates,
b. extension means connecting said plates together in said
spaced-apart relationship,
c. means forming an elongated slot at one end of said first limb
between said plates,
d. one of said spaced-apart plates having an outwardly presented
first connecting end wall,
e. the other of said spaced-apart plates having an outwardly
presented second end wall,
2. a second limb at a mutually angled relationship with respect to
said first limb,
a. said second limb having a plurality of angularly located side
walls forming a hollow tubular member,
b. projection means extending outwardly from the plane of one of
said side walls and being sized for snug fitting disposition within
the slot in said first limb,
c. said pair of said end frame segments being capable of being
joined together to form an end frame,
d. connecting means for connecting the pair of end frame segments
together to form the end frame,
e. securement means for connecting each of the first pair of side
margins of the substrate member to the respective connecting end
walls of the first limbs forming part of the pair of end frame
segments,
f. the connecting end walls of the first limb in each end frame
segment being located in abutting engagement with each of the first
pair of side margins of the substrate member,
g. the end frame segments extending outwardly and in generally
perpendicular relationship to the opposed planar major surfaces of
the substrate member, and
h. said substrate member extending for substantially the greater
portion of the length of said first limb on each end frame segment,
so that when two base units are assembled together, the substrate
member of one base unit will be coplanar with and will have one
side margin of the second pair of side margins in juxtaposed
abutting relationship to a like side margin of the planar substrate
member associated with the other base unit.
12. The one-piece segmented base unit of claim 11, wherein the
extension means connecting together said spaced-apart plates of
said first limb are tubular extension means.
13. The one-piece segmented base unit of claim 11, wherein said
second limb is provided with four angularly located side walls to
form a rectangularly shaped hollow tubular member.
14. The one-piece segmented base unit of claim 11, wherein each of
said end frame segments is comprised of a pair of first limbs and a
pair of second limbs.
15. The one-piece segmented base unit of claim 11, wherein a second
substrate member similar in construction to said first named
substrate member extends between and is secured to the end frame
segments, and wherein said second substrate member is spaced from
and lies in generally parallel relationship to said first named
substrate member.
16. The one-piece segmented base unit of claim 11, wherein said end
frame segments include at least one aperture extending
therethrough, and the substrate member includes at least one
aperture extending between said opposed pair of major surfaces of
said substrate member, and which apertures are in communication
with each other.
Description
This invention relates in general to certain new and useful
improvements in modular construction systems and more particularly,
to systems which employ a plurality of similar connectable modular
units.
In recent years, there has been an increased tendency to employ
modular construction units in the assembling and construction of
various structures, as well as an increased interest in the use of
modules for containerization and the like. Many of the modern
buildings are being constructed with modular units, which greatly
facilitates the construction of the building by reducing costly
amounts of skilled and unskilled labor as well as reducing the
amount of construction time. In fact, many modern hotels and
similar buildings which are provided with substantially similar
units or rooms are constructed in the form of a shell, such as from
prestressed concrete sections and modular rooms are thereafter
inserted into the structural shell.
While the use of modular construction units is highly advantageous
in many applications, these units are quite costly and furthermore,
each of the units in any modular construction system must be
uniquely designed for the intended application. Accordingly, the
various known modular construction units are not universally
adaptable to a wide variety of applications.
In recent years, the advantages of containerization for the storage
and transporting of cargo and other freight forms has also become
widely recognized in many industries. The utilization of containers
for both storage and transport readily facilitates handling of the
cargo and thereby provides a substantial economic advantage which
is not otherwise available.
Containerization of freight, that is the employment of fairly rigid
self-supporting containers for the storage and transport of cargo,
has not been completely adopted inasmuch as other forms of capital
equipment are normally required for handling of the freight bearing
containers. In many cases, lift-forks, cranes and other form of
powered lift equipment is required for purposes of moving the
containers laden with cargo due to the substantial weight and bulk.
This type of equipment is not normally required for freight forms
which are not containerized. Furthermore, the various containers
available for the storage and transport of freight are not
generally cooperative with the possible exception of the ability to
be stacked. Therefore, the containers must be individually handled,
and this function is generally performed with the lift equipment
described above.
The present invention obviates these and other problems by the
provision of a modular construction system which employs modules as
a basic unit for construction and for storage and transport and
which modules may serve as an active element in various unique
transport configuration and in various construction configurations.
Those modules are highly effective in that they can be constructed
with a plurality of similar segments in a basic external dimension
and which are easily assembled with such other modular units. The
modules when in the form of containers can be used efficiently in
the storage of cartage and then rapidly connected together for
transport without loading or unloading. In this way, the modular
system of the present invention enables the storage and transport
of cargo with a minimum amount of manual labor and a reduction in
the need of costly capital equipment, thereby providing a high
degree of economy and efficiency.
In general terms, the present invention may be described as a
modular unit construction comprising a pair of spaced-apart end
frames and where each of the end frames are comprised of a
plurality of substantiallay similar frame-forming sections. Each of
these frame-forming sections comprise a first limb with means
forming a slot in the first limb. The frame-forming sections also
comprise a second limb, projection means on the second limb fitted
into the slot on the first limb and retentively held therein, so
that the second limb extends upwardly from the first limb at a
mutually angled relationship thereto. Means are also provided for
securing at least two opposed members of said frame-forming
sections together to form each of said pair of spaced-apart frames
of generally rectangular shape. The constructions unit also
includes a first planar member extending between and being secured
to each of the spaced-apart frames, and a second planar member
extending between and secured to said spaced-apart frames and being
spaced from said first planar member.
In further detail, the modular unit construction of the present
invention may be characterized in that four of said frame-forming
sections are joined together to form each of said pair of
spaced-apart frames. A third planar member also preferably extends
between and is secured to said spaced-apart frames and lies in
general coplanar relationship with the first planar member. A
fourth planar member extends between and is secured to said
spaced-apart frames and lies in general coplanar relationship with
the second planar member. Preferably, projection and slot means are
formed in the first and third planar members and in the second and
fourth planar members to hold such pairs of respective members in
abutting relationships. In actual construction, the first and third
planar members constitute the upper wall of the modular
construction unit and the second and fourth planar members
constitute the lower wall of the modular construction unit.
The basic external dimensions of the module may be increased by
insertion of splicing elements between the limbs of adjacent
frame-forming sections. In addition, splicing planar members which
are coplanar to the first-named planar members may also extend
between the opposed frame members and the splicing elements.
With respect to the frames, at least one of the mutually angled
limbs in each of the frame-forming sections is comprised of a pair
of spaced-apart plate elements with connecting elements
therebetween. In a preferred aspect, these connecting elements are
tubular duct elements. The other of these mutually angled limbs in
each of the frame-forming sections comprises a stressed hollow
box-shaped member. Again, it is preferable to introduce a fairly
rigid plastic or similar material into the hollow box-shaped member
for additional reinforcement thereof. With further regard to the
planar members, at least one of the planar members and preferably
all of the planar members comprises a pair of opposed sheets with a
filler material extending between these sheets. These sheets are
preferably upper and lower stressed sheets with a fairly rigid
plastic filler material extending therebetween. Extensions of the
tubular duct connecting elements on the frames are provided in the
filler material and mate with the tubular duct on the frame members
so that the tubular duct elements extend through the module and
open on opposite sides thereof.
In general terms, the present invention may also be described as a
module having a bases external size and basic external dimensions
and comprising a pair of opposed frame members. A plurality of
substantially planar members extends between and connects the frame
members and forms an interior cavity in the module. At least one
removable wall closure panel is removably connected to the frame
members and enables access to the interior cavity. Coupling means
is formed on the modules adapted for mating with cooperative
coupling means to permit a plurality of similar modules to be
joined.
In a preferred aspect of the present invention, each of the modules
is characterized in that the frame members are comprised of a
plurality of mutually angled limbs which are joined to form a frame
of rectangular shape. Furthermore, each of the frame members are
actually formed of a plurality of frame-forming sections and each
of the frame-forming sections are comprised of these pairs of
mutually angled limbs, so that the limbs of one frame-forming
section are connected to the limbs of another frame-forming section
to thereby form the frames of rectangular shape.
The basic external dimension of the modules can be increased by
insertion of splicing elements between the limbs of the adjacent
frame-forming sections to thereby increase the overall size of the
frames. In this connection, the addition of splicing planar members
which are coplanar to the first named planar members will also
extend between the opposed frame-forming members as splicing
elements. The mutually angled limbs of each of the frame members
are provided with mating elongated slots, and projections on each
set of the mutually angled limbs so that the projections on one
limb of the mutually angled limbs extends into an elongated slot on
the other limb of a set of mutually angled limbs.
In the frame construction, certain of the mutually angled limbs are
comprised of a pair of opposed spaced-apart plate elements with
connecting elements extending therebetween. Preferably, these
connecting elements are tubular duct connecting elements. Certain
other of the mutually angled limbs comprise a stressed hollow
box-shaped member. Extensions of the tubular duct connecting
elements formed in the frame members may be provided in at least
one of the planar members and in a preferred embodiment of the
present invention, these tubular duct elements extend through the
entire module and open on opposite sides thereof. The planar
members used in the construction of a module preferably comprise a
pair of opposed sheets with a filler material extending between
these sheets. These plate members are preferably upper and lower
stressed sheets and the filler material is preferably a fairly
rigid plastic filler material.
In another respect, the present invention can be described in
general terms as a modular container system comprising a plurality
of similar container modules, each of which have a basic external
size and shape. Each of the modules have at least one wall which
matches a common wall of another of the container modules.
Furthermore, each of the modules are entirely closed except for at
least one access opening and the modules have an internal cavity
communicating with the access opening. At least one removable
closure panel is removably disposed over the associated access
opening and can provide access to the interior cavity when removed.
Finally, each of the container modules are provided with connection
means on one wall thereof and mating connecting means on the common
wall of another of said modules for connection therebetween.
In accordance with the present invention, these modules can be
constructed in a wide variety of structural forms. These modules
can be connected together in the form of a building construction.
In like manner, the modules can be coupled end to end to form a
transport system. Furthermore, the modules may be coupled together
in the form of a bridge construction.
Having thus described the invention in general terms, reference
will now be made to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a module according to the present
invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of one of the segments of the module
illustrated in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an exploded fragmentary perspective view similar to FIG.
2 and showing one end of one type of a segment suitable for use in
the modular system of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a fragmentary perspective view similar to FIG. 3 showing
a further form of a segment;
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a module with splicing elements
included therein;
FIG. 6 is a fragmentary vertical section taken through a segment
showing one form of interconnecting adjacent segments together;
FIG. 7 is a view similar to FIG. 6 showing a modified form of
coupling for joining two adjacent segments in a module
together.
FIG. 8 is a fragmentary vertical section taken along a pair of
modules aligned end to end showing the tensioning feature in
detail;
FIG. 9 is a perspective view of one form of stacking the segments
of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is an enlarged view similar to FIG. 9 showing the stacking
arrangement in greater detail;
FIG. 11 is a schematic side elevational view showing a pair of the
modules of the present invention joined together;
FIG. 12 is a side elevational schematic view showing a plurality of
the modules joined together spanning a distance;
FIG. 13 shows a schematic side elevational view of a plurality of
the modules of the present invention joined together in a
vertically aligned manner;
FIG. 14 is an enlarged view similar to that of FIG. 13 but showing
in greater detail the joinder between vertically aligned
modules.
Referring now in greater detail to the drawings, illustrating
practical embodiments of the present invention, M.sub.1 designates
a module of four generally similar segments each comprising a pair
of spaced-apart elongated rectangularly shaped frames 20 and 22,
each having an intervening rectangularly shaped panel -- which in
the respective panel segments, are designated by the reference
numbers 24, 26, 28 and 30. In the module M.sub.1, and with the four
segments joined together, the module includes (in the configuration
in FIG. 1) a top panel and an opposed spaced-apart bottom panel; to
this end, the respective rectangularly shaped panels 24 and 26 of
one pair of segments matingly engaged by means of notches and
flanges 31, for alignment -- in a like manner, the panels 28 and 30
of the other pair of segments are likewise joined in mating and
engaging relationship by means of notches and flanges 31.
The end frames 20 and 22 of each segment are generally identical in
their construction and one construction of such end frames is
illustrated in FIGS. 1, 3 and 4. Inasmuch as one frame 20 is a
mirror image of the other frame 22, only one of these frames 20
will be described and illustrated in greater detail -- see FIGS. 3
and 4. To this end the frame 20 generally includes a pair of
mutually angled limbs 34 and 36 which are preferably perpendicular
with respect to each other. In this embodiment as illustrated, the
frame 20 comprises a limb 34 which is a stressed hollow box-shaped
section and which is preferably constructed from a suitable
structural material including metals such as iron, steel, aluminum
or the like, or any of a number of known plastic materials such as
polystyrene, several of the vinyl chlorides, several of the
polyacrylates and polymethacylates, and the like. The limb 36 may
be filled, or at least partially filled, with a fairly rigid filler
material, such as several known plastics, or the like. In addition,
several fairly rigid open-celled materials or foam materials, such
as polyurethane, may be introduced into the hollow interior of the
limb 36. The limb 36 is integrally formed with an arcuately shaped
outwardly presented lower edge 38 and on one of the interiorly
presented faces is integrally provided with a projection 40 for
attachment to the limb 34 in a manner to be hereinafter described
in more detail. The limb 36 is also provided with an abutment
shoulder 42, (FIG. 2) the latter being adapted to engage the upper
surface and the transverse margin of one of the planar walls, such
as wall 28 in the manner as illustrated in FIGS. 1, 2 and 4.
The limb 34 is formed from a pair of opposed side plates 44 and 46
which may be constructed of any of the materials used in the
construction of the hollow box-shaped section forming the limb 36.
The side plates 44 and 46 are rigidly connected by cylindrical
tubes 48 extending therebetween and which internally from ducts 50
for reasons which will presently more fully appear. The plates 44
and 46 are parallel to and spaced-apart from each other and are
provided with enlarged end flanges 52 in the region proximate the
limb 36 to form an elongated slot or recess 54, the latter being
sized to receive the box-shaped section of the limb 36 and adapted
to cooperate with the projection 40. In this way, the limbs 34 and
36 may be rigidly connected to form a frame section. Furthermore,
strengthening webs 56 may be integrally formed with the flanges 52
so as to provide increased rigidity.
As indicated previously, only one of the frame sections has been
illustrated and described in detail herein, it being understood
that each of the other frame sections forming the entire frame 20
or the frame 22 are substantially identical in their construction.
Furthermore, each of the frame sections in the form of segments may
be secured to each other by means of e.g. bolts 58 or similar
mechanical fasteners in the manner as illustrated in FIG. 1, to
form the module M.sub.1.
The planar members, such as the top walls 24 and 26 and the bottom
walls 28 and 30 are again similar in their construction.
Accordingly, only one of the bottom walls 28 is more fully
illustrated in detail in FIGS. 2 and 3. It should again be
understood that the top walls 24 and 26 and the other bottom wall
30 are substantially identical in their construction. The bottom
wall 28 generally comprises top and bottom sheets 60 and 62 which
are preferably formed of stressed metal, such as stressed steel, or
molded from plastic materials of the type mentioned above.
Interposed between the spaced-apart top and bottom sheets 60 and 62
is a filler layer 64 preferably formed of a plastic material or an
open-celled foam material of the type introduced into the
box-shaped structure forming the limb 36; or in other cases,
concrete or other cementitious material. In this connection, for
most uses of the module M.sub.1, the filler material must be fairly
rigid in its construction and must also be capable of supporting a
fairly substantial load when the module is used to contain
load-bearing contents therein or in construction application. The
filler layer 64 should have essentially the same thickness in the
vertical dimension as the limb 34 and a recess 66 is formed in the
filler layer 64 between the top and bottom sheets 60 and 62 to
connect the limbs such as the limb 34 to the planar members such as
the bottom wall 28. A cut-out 68 is also provided in the top sheet
60 to accommodate the limb 36.
Cylindrical extension tubes 70 are also set into the filler layer
64 and form extensions of the cylindrical tubes 48. The extension
tubes 70 also form tubular ducts 72 which are in communication with
the tubular ducts 50 in the tubes 48. The tubes 70 extend
transversely across the entire module and communicate through the
ducts 50 so that these ducts open at a pair of opposite ends of the
modules. These ducts are highly desirable in that they can be used
as guides in facilitating alignment of the various modules for
ultimate connection, and in this connection they can also be used
for retention of coupling mechanisms or post tensioning means which
could engage compatible and cooperating coupling mechanisms located
on a next adjacent module. Furthermore, the tubular ducts are
highly useful in that they are capable of carrying fluid which may
be desirable when the modules are used in the construction of
buildings, or the like. Furthermore, the ducts are also suitably
designed to carry electrical conductors or the like, which again is
highly advantageous in various forms of construction.
Thus, in the above-described embodiments, it will be seen that the
invention provides for four substantially identical segments each
of which constitutes one quarter of the module M.sub.1 and which
can be used most readily and conveniently to construct a module
M.sub.1 using interchangeable components. Each of these four
segments is characterized by having a pair of spaced-apart frame
members with an intervening substantially flat planar panel whereby
two of such panels, when the frame members are arranged so that
such panels are in face-to-face relationship form a closed
supporting or like surface so that when four such segments are
joined, opposed top and bottom walls may be formed in a
spaced-apart relationship thus providing a multipurpose module
M.sub.1. Still further, with the preferred construction of the base
panels, there is also provided conduits for the passage of
electrical conductors, post tensioning means, joining means and the
like.
The open-sided construction of the module M.sub.1 of the present
invention may be further modified to provided side-closure panels
as described hereinafter in greater detail.
Referring now to FIG. 4, M.sub.2 designates a modified form of
module as illustrated, and a portion of a further type of segment
according to a further embodiment of this invention, as an
alternative to FIG. 3. In this case, the segment is generally
similar to that of FIG. 3 and like reference numerals have been
used to designate like parts. In this case, the segment comprises a
pair of spaced-apart rectangular frames (a portion of one of which
only is illustrated) and indicated generally by reference number
74. This embodiment, has provided a panel extending between the
opposed frame sections indicated generally by reference number 76.
This panel 76 in this embodiment may have a reduced thickness
compared to the panel 28 of FIG. 3, since in this case, the
extension tubes 50 and 70 have been eliminated which for various
uses of the module formed from four such segments, may not be
necessary depending on its intended utility. Thus, for example,
when the module made from four such segments and as such, is
intended as a simple container, the extension tubes 50 and 70 may
be eliminated if and as desired. In order to accommodate the
reduction in thickness of the floor and of the top wall so that
these walls may be connected to the frames in the manner as
described above, a junction plate 78 is provided on the end of the
planar member 76 and a box-beam 80 is provided along its outer
edge. It can be observed that the junction plate is retentively
secured with respect to the box-beam 80 and furthermore, the
box-beam 80 may be hollow in its construction, as illustrated in
FIG. 3.
The basic external dimensions of the modules used in the system of
the present invention may be fairly constant and hence, the modules
are often referred to as "constant modules." Nevertheless, the size
of the modules may be changed in either the longitudinal dimension,
the transverse dimension, or the height or otherwise any or all of
these dimensions may be altered. Generally, it is preferable to
alter only by a multiple of the constant modules. In some cases,
the overall dimension in both the transverse and longitudinal
dimension are altered in order to achieve what is often referred to
as a "super constant module." Notwithstanding, many of the constant
modules are typically constructed with a size of approximately 8
feet by 8 feet by 10 feet. However, any of these basic dimensions
of the module may be extended by the insertion of splicing
members.
Referring to FIG. 5, a module M.sub.3 is illustrated which is
substantially identical in its construction to the module M.sub.1.
The module M.sub.3 includes frame extension members 82 which are
used to connect two frame sections forming the upper portion and
lower portion of the transversely opposed frames 20 and 22. It can
be observed that these frame extensions 82 are bolted or otherwise
rigidly secured to the frame section 32 by means of bolts 84 or
similar forms of mechanical fasteners. Furthermore, the frame
extensions 82 may also be provided with cylindrical tubes 86
forming tubular ducts which extend transversely through the modules
in the manner as illustrated in FIG. 5.
An extension planar member 88 is also fitted between the top walls
24 and 26 and extends between the two frames 20 and 22. In like
manner, a lower extension planar member 90 is fitted between the
bottom walls 28 and 30 and also extends between and is connected to
the two opposed frames 20 and 22. Furthermore, the planar members
88 and 90 may be similar in their construction to any of the planar
members previously described, such as the planar member 28, or they
may have a different construction if desired. It should be
recognized in connection with the present invention, that a number
of frame extensions 82 could be used so that two frame extensions,
such as the extensions 82 in the upper wall, are connected to each
other and to the respective frame sections, as well as a similar
extension combination in the bottom portion of the frame. In like
manner, these extensions may also be used in the vertical legs of
the respective frames 20 and 22 in order to increase the overall
dimension of these frames. Furthermore, the width of the module may
be increased by employing planar members which have a longer
transverse dimension.
It should also be understood that the modules M.sub.1 -M.sub.3 as
described herein are only three embodiments of modules which can be
employed in accordance with the present invention. A number of
modifications can be made to these modules in order to alter the
modules in such a manner as to accomplish a certain intended use
function.
In use, four such similar segments may be assembled together to
form a module and, a plurality of such modules may be joined
together in a side to side relationship, end to end relationship
and/or a vertical relationship to form a larger unit. The ducts 50
formed in the base member of each segment may be used for joining
adjacent modules in an end to end relationship; when the module is
joined in a side to side relationship or in a vertically "stacked"
relationship (in which the panels of the segments of one module are
in face to face relationship with panels of other segments of a
vertically stacked module), conventional techniques may be used for
joining such modules including, for example, use of bolts or like
fasteners passing through or around adjacent pairs of side frame
members 36 (in the case of a side to side relationship of adjacent
modules) or, when vertically aligned, by using of fastening
elements or brackets again according to conventional
technology.
In the embodiment where the modules are joined in an end to end
relationship, for the purposes of joining the same -- or for
placing the modules under tension as decribed hereinafter in
greater detail, and reference may be had to FIGS. 1 and 8 showing
the post tensioning and connecting means.
More particularly, in a preferred construction, one or more of the
conduits of each panel 24, 26, 28 or 30 is provided with the
tensioning means in the form of an elongated compression tube 100
-- the tube being made of suitable rigid material such as, for
example, various types of metals, etc. The tube 100, being hollow,
is generally sized to be of a length slightly shorter than the
overall length of the respective base panels 24 to 28 and thus,
each such conduit 50 in each of the panels is sized to receive the
compression tube 100. At either end of the tube 100, at its
terminal end portion 106, there is provided a compression tube
collar fixedly secured thereto by, for example, threading the
former to the latter. The collar 106 in the embodiment illustrated
outwardly flares and generally snugly fits the conduit 50 and
positions the tube 100 therein. In joining adjacent segments
together of modules placed in an end to end relationship (a
cross-section of which is shown in FIG. 8), a compression junction
sleeve 104 will be mounted between the collars 106 of the
respective tubes 100 of each segment. Sleeves 104 thus share a
common position between end to end segments of the respective frame
members.
A tie rod, connecting rod 102, or like joining member, sized to be
mounted in the compression tube 100, is provided to form the
connecting member between adjacent modules. To this end, connecting
rod 102 may be a continuous one-piece tie rod or the like extending
through a plurality of such units and fixedly secured at its
respective ends by means of a threaded nut or the like relative to
the modules; alternately, the tie or connecting rod may extend only
the length of a single module with the sleeve 104 acting to secure
pairs of the connecting rods 102 together. To this end, in the
latter embodiment, the sleeve 104 may be internally threaded and
dimensioned so as to mate with external threads adjacent the end of
the connecting rod 102 to thread the sleeve onto opposed adjacent
tie rod ends. In this arrangement, the modular units may be
separated by a gap as shown in FIG. 8, so that the tensioning means
does not place the units per se under tension.
In FIG. 8, the connecting rod 102 is of an extended type whereby
several modules may be connected together using a single tie rod in
each channel 50, as opposed to the above embodiment where
individual tie rods are used for individual modules.
Referring to FIGS. 6 and 7, two different alternativies of joining
the adjacent panels 28 and 30 (or the like panels 24 and 26) of two
adjacent modular segments together are shown in contrast to that of
FIG. 1. In FIG. 6 each of the adjacent segments are provided with a
female extrusion 180 of suitable material, e.g. a metal or rigid
plastic material (for example, aluminum, polypropylene, etc.). Each
extrusion preferably has side edges on the upper and lower faces of
the respective segments located interiorly of the outer skin or
layer of the members 28 and 30. The extrusions may also be formed
integrally with the construction of members 28 and 30 or they may
be secured thereto by use of fastening means 3.g. screws, bolts,
adhesives, etc. Preferably each extrusion 180 forming the vertical
interior edge of panels 28 and 30 actually comprises two such
extrusions of similar shape terminating short of the midhorizontal
point of the panels 28 and 30, (FIGS. 6 and 7), with a thermal
barrier bonded shear strip 184 in between.
In the embodiment of FIG. 6, there is provided joining means in the
form of a tension and shear plate indicated generally by reference
numeral 182, which has a configuration such that it includes a
substantially flat top portion with enlarged lateral side portions
fitting into appropriate recesses in the female extrusion 180.
Connected to the shear plate 182 is a downwardly extending bulbous
member 183 which is adapted to fit between the respective female
extrusions 182 of adjacent segments to provide a seal which is
adapted to prevent undesired foreign matter from coming between the
two segments (and the space 186 therebetween). A thermal barrier
bonded shear strip 184 also extends between the two extrusions 180
for each segment.
In FIG. 7, there is illustrated an alternate arrangement in which
there are provided a pair of female extrusions 190 connected to
each segment with a thermal barrier bonded shear strip 194 betwewen
the two extrusions for each segment. A tension and shear plate 192
is provided to join the respective segments; the plate 192 includes
a pair of spaced-apart generally circular members 193 connected
thereto and adapted to seat in a recess in the respective
extrusions 190.
In FIGS. 6 and 7, there is illustrated a further type of core
construction for the panel members 28 and 30. Thus, for example,
the panel members 28 and 30 may include an outer stressed skin
surrounding and encasing a rigid core of, for example, foam or
cementitious material.
Referring now to FIGS. 9 and 10, there is illustrated one method of
stacking the individual segments, four of which form a module of
the present invention, for transporting or storing the same. To
this end, as will be seen from FIGS. 9 and 10, the segments may be
stored so that one such segment is initially placed in a
face-downward position with, as viewed in FIGS. 9 and 10, the base
panel 28 being on the left-hand side, with a subsequent segment
placed between the opposed frame members 36 in an "upright"
position. In this manner, and by repeating this arrangement, it
will be seen that the segments of the present invention can be
readily transported and stored in a very easy manner. Thus, an
initial segment M can be placed in a "downwards" position with a
subsequent segment Ma placed in an "upright" position with the
frame members 36 of each panel being centrally located relative to
the base panels 28 of stacked segments. In like manner, by
alternating the mounting of segments M' - M'" with segments Mb -
Me, the arrangement of FIGS. 9 and 10 provides a very simple and
expedient method for transporting and storing the segments.
Referring now to FIGS. 11 to 14, there are illustrated various uses
of the modules of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 11, a
pair of such modules may be joined together by bolts 204 extending
through the respective vertical frame members of the respective
modules M.sub.1. The units thus secured together may form a
suitable enclosure for various types of uses, such as storage
facilities, etc. They may be mounted on appropriate piers or
foundations of a base B, which may for example, be the ground,
etc.
In FIG. 11, there is illustrated a further feature of the
versatility of the modules M.sub.1 of the present invention. Thus,
in the right-hand module, the normally open side walls of the
module M.sub.1 may be encloed by means of a closure panel 202
(which may form an end and/or side closure panel for the module
M.sub.1). These closure panels may be formed of any suitable
material such as wood, steel or plastic. The panel 202 may be
secured to the frame members of the respective segments by suitable
means, such as fastening means comprising screws, bolts, etc. If it
is desired to make the module M.sub.1 airtight and/or watertight,
then appropriate sealing means may also be employed to seal the
same to the frame members of the segments. Alternately, the closure
panels 202 may be removably attached to the side walls of the
module M.sub.1 and removed only when access to the interior of the
module M.sub.1 is desired (such panels being mounted by hinge means
or the like).
Also, if desired in the arrangement such as illustrated in FIG. 11,
the post tensioning means may also be employed (as described
above); the ducts 50 may likewise be utilized for various other
functions depending on the intended utility of the modules M.sub.1
which are bolted together.
In the left-hand module of FIG. 11 there is illustrated a further
embodiment wherein there is included only a half or partial panel
200 which may turn the module M.sub.1 into a type of storage
container.
Referring now to FIG. 12, there is illustrated a further version of
an arrangement similar to that of FIG. 1 but in which a plurality
of the modules M.sub.1 are used to span a gap 217, and hence form a
bridge or the like. To this end, piers 215 may be provided on
either side of the gap 217 with a plurality of modules M.sub.1
joined together and separated by means of buffer elements 216.
Buffer elements 216 can be utilized in various embodiments of the
present invention and function in this embodiment as a bulkhead for
the catenary system used in forming the bridge type construction
illustrated in FIG. 11. In this respect, the modules M.sub.1 are
joined together by means of two systems -- a tension/-- compression
system utilizing the arrangement illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 8
relative to the tie or connecting rods 100 mounted in the ducts 50
passing through aligned end-to-end modules M.sub.1 ; and a catenary
tension system indicated generally by reference numeral 200 (which
may be constructed according to conventional technology). The
modules M.sub.1 forming the bridge system may be provided with side
panels 202.
In the above described arrangement of FIGS. 11 and 12, it will be
understood that the width direction of the system may include two
or more such modules M.sub.1 with the module being joined in the
transverse direction by conventional fastening means.
Referring now to FIGS. 13 and 14, there is illustrated a further
embodiment of the present invention wherein the modules M.sub.1 may
be horizontally and vertically stacked. In FIG. 13, the modules may
form apartment buildings or the like; in the case of FIG. 14,
vertically aligned modules M.sub.1 may form elevator shafts, etc.
In the case of FIG. 13, the modules may be mounted on a suitable
base B with piers 190 supporting the same and with conventional
fastening means extending between the base panels of the juxtaposed
modules M.sub.1 to firmly secure the same. If desired, the modules
M.sub.1 of FIG. 13 may be separated by suitable spacing means such
as that described with respect to FIG. 12.
In like manner, the modules of the present invention as shown in
FIG. 14 in an end-to-end relationship may be secured together by
the system described in FIGS. 1 and 8. Thus, the post tensioning
means 100 and tie rods 102 may be employed. Also, the modules may
be enclosed with panels 202 to form a complete enclosure if
desired. As illustrated in FIG. 14, the modules may be mounted on a
suitable foundation B of cementitious material or the like.
As will be seen from the above-described embodiments the modules of
the present invention provide many advantageous features other
conventional prior art constructions. Thus, for example, the
modules comprised of four generally identical segments find use in
a wide variety of applications; moreover the modules are capable of
being constructed from four identical segments which provide a very
easy system of manufacturing individual segments and permitting
ready assembly into larger units (i.e. the modules). In a further
embodiment of the present invention, the modules may be constructed
as a one-piece monolithic unit of appropriate material, such as for
example, cast cementitious material, rather than being comprised of
individual members as illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3. The use of a
cast or monolithic system has several advantages in terms of
manufacturing steps employed, equipment required, etc. and may be
preferred for certain circumstances.
As will also be evident from the above-described embodiments, the
use of the post tensioning means of the present invention does not
import post tensioning factors into the system per se as do the
prior art arrangements. Thus, by use of the present invention and
with buffer or bulkheads, the post tensioning system may be
employed whereby the modules M.sub.1 per se are not under
tension.
Having regard to the above description, it will be appreciated that
various modifications can be made to the above described
embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the
invention.
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