U.S. patent number 3,871,004 [Application Number 05/483,282] was granted by the patent office on 1975-03-11 for ink drop writing head.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Olympia Werke AG. Invention is credited to Eilt-Heyo Rittberg.
United States Patent |
3,871,004 |
Rittberg |
March 11, 1975 |
Ink drop writing head
Abstract
In a writing head for producing a high resolution character from
drops of a writing fluid on a record carrier, the head including
fluid chambers in communication with a common reservoir and ejector
nozzles arranged in a row opposite the record carrier for the
ejection of fluid drops by means of selectively excitable pressure
generators, at least one electrode plate is disposed between the
record carrier and a cover plate containing the ejector nozzles,
the geometrical dimensions of the electrode plate being selected so
that when a voltage is applied between the cover plate and the one
electrode plate an inhomogeneous electrical field is produced in
the area of every ejector nozzle which is able to deflect the
electrically neutral fluid drops ejected from the ejector nozzles
in the direction toward the record carrier, due to polarization of
charges in the drops in the direction of the field gradients, so
that the deflection of the ink droplets occurs in a direction which
has a component in the direction of the row along which the ejector
nozzles extend.
Inventors: |
Rittberg; Eilt-Heyo
(Wilhelmshaven, DT) |
Assignee: |
Olympia Werke AG
(Wilhelmshaven, DT)
|
Family
ID: |
23919458 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/483,282 |
Filed: |
June 26, 1974 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
347/48; 347/55;
347/68 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B41J
2/085 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B41J
2/085 (20060101); B41J 2/075 (20060101); G01d
015/18 () |
Field of
Search: |
;346/75,140 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Hartary; Joseph W.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Spencer & Kaye
Claims
I claim:
1. In a writing head for producing, on a record carrier, a high
resolution character formed of drops of a writing fluid the head
including a cover member and a plurality of writing fluid drop
ejectors each composed of a fluid chamber communicating with a
writing fluid reservoir, an ejector nozzle communicating with the
chamber and constituted by an opening in the cover member, and an
individually excitable pressure pulse generator arranged to apply
pressure pulses to the fluid in the chamber for ejecting drops of
writing fluid from the nozzle, the plurality of nozzles being
aligned in a row and the head being arranged to be positioned with
the row of nozzles facing the record carrier so that fluid drops
are ejected from the nozzles toward the record carrier the
improvement comprising: at least one electrode member disposed
adjacent all of said nozzles and mounted between said cover member
and the location in which the record carrier writing surface is to
be disposed during writing; and means for selectively applying a
voltage differential between said cover member and said electrode
member for producing an electric field which polarizes charge
carriers contained in the electrically neutral writing fluid drops
ejected from said nozzles and thus creates an attractive force
between each such drop and said electrode member; and wherein said
electrode member is configured to constitute means for causing the
direction of such field to cause such attractive force to deflect
the ejected writing fluid drips in a direction which is transverse
to the row in which said nozzles are aligned and which has a
component parallel to such row.
2. Writing head as defined in claim 1 wherein there are two said
electrode members disposed at respectively opposite sides of said
row of ejector nozzles, and said potential applying means are
arranged to selectively apply a potential between said cover member
and either one of said electrode members, said electrode members
being configured for causing the voltage between one said electrode
member and said cover member to produce an attractive force which
is diametrically opposite that produced by the potential between
the other said electrode member and said cover member.
3. Writing head as defined in claim 2 wherein said voltage applying
means comprises a switch member connected for connecting either one
of said electrode members to a source of electric potential.
4. Writing head as defined in claim 3 further comprising means for
producing relative movement between said head and the location of
the record carrier writing surface, parallel to such surface, in
the direction normal to the row along which said nozzles are
aligned, and wherein: each said pressure pulse generator is
arranged to produce a succession of three pulses for causing three
writing fluid drops to be ejected in succession; said switch member
is arranged to connect the source of electric potential during
ejection of the first of the succession of writing fluid drops to
that one of said electrode members which is spaced from said
nozzles in the direction of movement of said head relative to the
location of the record carrier writing surface, to disconnect both
electrodes members from the source of electrode potential during
ejection of the second of the succession of writing fluid drops,
and to connect the source of electrical potential, during ejection
of the third of the succession of writing fluid drops, to the other
of said electrode members, which is spaced from said nozzles in the
direction opposite to the direction of movement of said head
relative to the location of the record carrier writing surface; and
said means for producing relative movement are arranged to move
said head, between successive writing fluid drop ejections by
incremental distances equal to the amount by which a drop reaching
the record carrier is deflected normal to the row along which said
nozzles are arranged by a voltage between said cover member and one
of said electrode members, whereby the succession of ejected
writing fluid drops ejected by one said nozzle are deposited on the
record carrier as a line of closely adjacent dots parallel to the
row along which said nozzles are arranged.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a writing head for producing a
high resolution character on a record carrier from drops of a
writing fluid.
STATE OF THE ART
German Offenlegungsschrift [Laid-Open Patent Application] No.
2,164,614 and corresponding U.S. Pat. No. 3,747,120 disclose a
printer in which the volume of a chamber filled with ink can be
temporarily varied by an electromechanical transducer device. The
temporary increase in pressure in this device ejects individual
droplets of ink from an ejector nozzle and sprays them onto the
record carrier. However, considerable expense is involved in
constructing a device of this type to produce a high resolution
character.
If, for example, the character, which consists of a pattern of dots
forming elements of a raster, is to be optically scanned it is
necessary that the line of script be uninterrupted. In order to
avoid malfunctions during optical scanning with an optical reading
machine, it is necessary to have about 12 to 15 raster dots, or
elements, per column. This in turn requires a corresponding number
of pressure generators so that the dimensions of the writing head
become rather large and the head becomes too expensive for normal
correspondence readers.
On the other hand, German Auslegeschrift [Published Pat.
Application]No. 1,960,522 and corresponding U.S. Pat. No.
3,562,761, disclose an ink printer in which a steady jet of ink is
ejected by a nozzle and breaks down into droplets of ink after
having traveled a short distance from the nozzle tip. These
droplets of ink are then charged according to the signal to be
recorded by means of a charging ring or tunnel. The drops which are
not to be used receive either a certain maximum, or a minimum, or
no charge. All droplets then pass through a constant electrical
field and are deflected to a greater or lesser extent depending on
the charge they carry. Those droplets which are not to be used are
generally directed to an aperture so that they do not reach the
record carrier.
In this type of recording, however, there is the drawback that the
charges carried by the individual droplets vary within substantial
limits from one drop to the next so that the alternating effect of
the strongly deviating potentials between adjacent droplets leads
to interference in the deflection. This produces a print which is
not as good as it should be or a print which is inaccurate for
purposes of forming a character so that it is less suited for
optical scanning. This is particularly the case if the charge on a
droplet which has already been charged is relatively high compared
to the charge carried by the next succeeding droplet. In order to
produce a high resolution character this system also requires
expensive controls which makes use of this writing head
unacceptable for inexpensive correspondence typewriters for small
offices and private gentlemen.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the present invention to improve the written
image produced in a jet printer in the form of a pattern of dots
forming elements of a grid or raster array, and to make it suitable
in particular for automatic reading without increasing the number
of jets.
These and other objects are achieved by the provision, in a writing
head, for producing a high resolution character from drops of a
writing fluid on a record carrier, the head including fluid
chambers in communication with a common reservoir and ejector
nozzles arranged in a row opposite the record carrier for the
ejection of fluid drops by means of selectively excitable pressure
generators, of at least one electrode plate disposed between the
record carrier and a cover plate containing the ejector nozzles,
the geometrical dimensions of the electrode plate being selected so
that when a voltage is applied between the cover plate and the
electrode plate an inhomogeneous electrical field is produced in
the area of every ejector nozzle which is able to deflect the
electrically neutral fluid drops ejected from the ejector nozzles
in the direction toward the record carrier, due to polarization of
charges in the drops, in the direction of the field gradients so
that the deflection of the ink droplets occurs in a direction which
has a component in the direction of the row along which the ejector
nozzles are disposed.
The device according to the invention can thus produce characters
with the highest resolution and high quality of the order of that
obtainable with present-day mechanical writing and printing
mechanisms. Such mosiac-type or grid pattern-type characters are
also suitable for automatic reading.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective representation of one preferred
embodiment of a movable writing head according to the invention
with ejector nozzles arranged in a row.
FIG. 2a is a cross-sectional detail view of one nozzle of the
arrangement of FIG. 1.
FIG. 2b is a cross-sectional detail view to an enlarged scale of
part of the unit of FIG. 2a.
FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of the individual steps
performed by the writing head for printing a column.
FIG. 4 is a block schematic drawing of an control arrangement for
synchronizing the movement of a motor 9, control device 33 for a
switch 27 and the excitation of pulse generators 19. The control
device 33 is connected to a known synchronizing housing 10 as
described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,651,915. The synchron signal source is
connected to video signal source 20 for the piezoelectric crystal
19 and to motor control signal device 22.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
FIG. 1 shows a writing head 1 for producing a high resolution
character on a record carrier 7 from drops of a writing fluid. The
writing head has a plurality of writing devices, e.g., five, and is
mounted on a shaft 3 to be movable across the surface of the record
carrier 7 by means of a threaded spindle 5. The threaded spindle 5
is driven, for example, by means of a stepping motor 9. It is of
course also possible to arrange the writing head to be fixed and to
move the record carrier 7 correspondingly.
Each writing unit of the writing head 1 substantially includes, as
shown in FIG. 2a, a chamber 11 which is closed, at one end, by a
membrane 13 in a known manner and at the other end by a cover plate
15 which is perforated to present an ejector nozzle 17. The
membrane 13 can be actuated, i.e., deflected, by an exciter system
including, for example, a piezoelectric crystal 19.
The piezoelectric crystal 19 can be excited, via leads which are
not shown, by a signal source which is also not shown, such
arrangement already being well known in the art. The fluid chamber
11 is also connected in a well known manner with a reservoir, also
not shown, via an inlet channel 21.
Returning to FIG. 1, two electrode plates 23 and 25 are firmly
connected to the cover plate 15 and are arranged opposite one
another along the line of ejector nozzles 17. The electrode plates
are designed so that when a voltage is applied to one or the other
of them via a switch 27 and one of leads 29 and 31, nonuniform
fields are produced in the region of the ejector nozzles 17. The
field gradients of these fields cause the impinging uncharged
droplets to be respectively oppositely deflected. Such deflection
results from the polarization of charge carriers in each drop, as
shown most clearly in FIG. 2b, although the drops are electrically
neutral. Switch 27 is controlled via a control device 33, which can
be of any suitable, known type of electrically controlled switch
actuator.
An insulating layer 24 is disposed between cover plate 15 and
electrode plates 23, 25. The electrode plates 23, 25 are formed, in
the area of the ejector nozzles 17, with extensions which curve
away from the surface of the cover plate 15 to the record carrier
7. Furthermore, the electrode plates 23, 25 are laterally spaced
from ejector nozzles 17 by such a distance that the deflected drops
will not come in contact therewith. Thus the electrode plates 23,
25 will not be soiled.
In the writing head shown in FIG. 1 the dotted characters are
generated by producing successive columns of dots. A column of dots
may, of course, be composed of one dot or a plurality of dots
adjacent one another or spaced apart along the column.
It is, of course, also possible to arrange the row of ejector
nozzles 17 parallel to the direction of a line of characters and to
generate the characters by producing horizontal lines of dots.
The device of the present invention operates as follows:
In order to produce the characters each one of the pressure
generators can be selectively excited by a signal source to eject
three droplets to different points along a column. FIG. 3 shows the
sequence of this ejection process in three stages for producing a
full column of dots.
In stage I, the writing head 1 is disposed at a step a transverse
to the direction of printing and ahead of the column on record
carrier 7 into which the raster dot droplets are to be ejected.
When head 1 is in this position, switch 27 is switched so that a
voltage is applied to electrode plate 25 so that inhomogeneous
electrical fields are produced in the region of all ejector nozzles
17 of cover plate 15. The field gradients of these electrical
fields are here directed obliquely to the column to be produced and
in the direction of movement of head 1 relative to carrier 7. If
now electrically neutral fluid drops are ejected from ejector
nozzles 17 these drops are polarized and directed in the direction
of the field gradients.
Then, for stage II, the writing head 1 is moved in the direction of
the horizontal arrow by a step a by stepping motor 9 to bring the
nozzles 17 into line with the column being printed. At the same
time switch 27 is moved to position 0, i.e, no voltage is applied
to either one of the electrode plates 23 and 25. If now fluid drops
are ejected from ejector nozzles 17, these drops impinge vertically
on the record carrier since they are not being deflected. The drops
ejected in this stage II lie closely below the drops ejected onto
the record carrier in the first stage.
Then, for stage III, the writing head 1 is again moved in the
writing direction, i.e., in the direction of the arrow, by a step
a. Now a voltage is applied via switch 27 to electrode plate 23.
The droplets ejected from the ejector nozzles 17 in this third
stage are again polarized and deflected obliquely to the rear
column and in the direction opposite to the direction of movement
of head 1 relative to carrier 7. The ejected ink droplets thus come
to lie closely underneath the undeflected droplets on the record
carrier. This stage III is already the starting position of the
head for stage I of printing the next column, it only being
necessary to move switch 27 from line 29 to line 31.
The operation of the writing head 1 could also be controlled to
cause it to effectuate stage I operation for one raster column
while it is in position to effectuate stage II operation for the
immediately preceding raster column, and corresponding stage III
operation for one column while it is in position to perform stage
II operation for the immediately preceding column. This will permit
closer spacing between raster dot columns.
By tripling the number of possible dots in each column of the
raster, characters are produced which have substantially
uninterrupted lines and which can be optically scanned due to their
being well defined.
Since the deflections produced by the electric field need be only
very slight, approximately, 0.1 mm, voltages which can be easily
handled, e.g,, less than 300 volts, produce high accuracies in the
placing of the dots. On the other hand, a small number of impulse
pressure generators produce a large number of raster dots. The
arrangement according to the present invention is particularly
distinguished by its simple and inexpensive structure and its
dependable operation.
It is also possible to move the writing head 1 continuously from
column to column or across the entire line of characters. In this
case, however, more complicated controls are required. It is also
possible to permanently arrange a plurality of writing heads
according to the invention in a row along the line, the ejected
fluid drops again being deflectable in inhomogeneous fields by
means of charge carrier polarization. In this case the number of
impulse pressure generators can also be reduced considerably
compared to the known arrangements. Furthermore, the drops produced
by all pressure generators can again be deflected by two electrode
plates which can be connected with a voltage source by simple
control means. With such an inexpensive and simple line printer it
is also possible to produce essentially solid line characters of
good quality.
FIG. 4 is a block schematic drawing of a control device for
synchronizing the movement of motor 9, the control device 33 for
the switch 27 and the video signal source 20 for the piezo-electric
crystal 19. The driving shaft 5 is fixed with a synchronizing
housing 10 as described in the U.S. Pat. No. 3,651,915. The control
device 33 can consist of two electromagnets of solenoids, which are
controlled through the synchronizing arrangement.
It will be understood that the above description of the present
invention is susceptible to various modifications, changes and
adaptations, and the same are intended to be comprehended within
the meaning and range of equivalents of the appended claims.
* * * * *