U.S. patent number 3,867,816 [Application Number 05/286,351] was granted by the patent office on 1975-02-25 for low pollution reciprocating heat engine.
Invention is credited to George M. Barrett.
United States Patent |
3,867,816 |
Barrett |
February 25, 1975 |
LOW POLLUTION RECIPROCATING HEAT ENGINE
Abstract
This disclosure relates to a heat engine which operates
generally on the basis of the Carnot cycle and includes the usual
cylinders, pistons and crankshaft. However, the cylinders of the
engine are arranged in pairs with each pair including a large
cylinder and a small cylinder. Heated gas enters the large cylinder
to perform work and then flows through cooling means to the small
cylinder wherein reversible adiabatic compression takes place and
the compressed gases are returned to a heater for recycling.
Inventors: |
Barrett; George M. (Galt,
Ontario, CA) |
Family
ID: |
26775094 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/286,351 |
Filed: |
September 5, 1972 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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86738 |
Nov 4, 1970 |
3698184 |
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261232 |
Jun 9, 1972 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
60/682 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F02G
1/044 (20130101); F01K 7/00 (20130101); F01K
15/02 (20130101); F02G 2270/85 (20130101); F02B
2075/025 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F01K
15/00 (20060101); F01K 15/02 (20060101); F01K
7/00 (20060101); F02G 1/044 (20060101); F02G
1/00 (20060101); F02B 75/02 (20060101); F01k
025/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;60/2X,682 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Other References
Power Engineering, January 1958, pp. 72-74, Vol. 1, No. 6. .
Physics by E. Hausmann and E. Slack, D. Van Nostrand Co.: New York,
3rd ed., 1948, pp. 309-311..
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Primary Examiner: Schwadron; Martin P.
Assistant Examiner: Ostrager; Allen M.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Diller, Brown, Ramik &
Wight
Parent Case Text
This application is an improvement over and a continuation-in-part
of my copending applications Ser. No. 86,738 entitled "Low
Pollution Heat Engine" filed Nov. 4, 1970, now U.S. Pat. No.
3,698,184, granted Oct. 17, 1972, and Ser. No. 261,232, entitled
"Heat Engine," filed June 9, 1972.
Claims
I claim:
1. A heat engine operable generally in accordance with the Carnot
cycle, said engine comprising a crankshaft, at least one large
cylinder and one small cylinder each having a respective piston
therein and connected to said crankshaft in out of phase relation,
a closed system for recirculating a gas through said cylinders;
said closed system including a heater, a check valve in advance of
said heater, first flow means connecting said heater to said large
cylinder, said first flow means including a throttle valve and flow
controlling valve means of the positively actuated mechanical type,
said closed system between said check valve and the interior of
said large cylinder to a point during a work stroke of said piston
of said large cylinder being means for effecting isothermal
expansion of said gas, further work movement of said large cylinder
piston being responsive to reversible adiabatic expansion of said
gas, second flow means connecting said large cylinder to said small
cylinder said second flow means including cooling means for cooling
gas flowing from said large cylinder to said small cylinder and
flow controlling valve means for effecting isothermal compression
of said gas during the compression stroke of said large cylinder
piston, and third flow means connecting said small cylinder to said
heater, said third flow means including said check valve and
providing for reversible adiabatic compression of said gas within
said small cylinder during the compression stroke of the piston
thereof.
2. The heat engine of claim 1 wherein the effective volume of said
small cylinder is substantially equal to the effective volume of
said large cylinder reduced by the degree of isothermal
compression.
3. The heat engine of claim 1 wherein said engine includes a liquid
cooled engine component and said cooling means of said second flow
means is a passage within said engine component.
4. The heat engine of claim 1 wherein said cooling means are
external of and separate from said cylinders.
5. The heat engine of claim 1 wherein said cooling means are
external of and separate from said cylinders, and of the type
suitable for changing external fluid temperature.
6. The heat engine of claim 5 wherein said cooling means includes a
heat producing condensor.
7. The heat engine of claim 5 wherein said cooling means includes a
heat producing condensor and a heat receiving evaporator.
8. The heat engine of claim 1 wherein said heater is of the type
utilizing a gaseous fuel of the minimal pollution class.
Description
This invention relates in general to new and useful improvements in
reciprocating engines, and more particularly to a novel
reciprocating engine which operates generally in accordance with
the Carnot cycle.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
It is well known to convert heat energy into mechanical energy in
an engine having a gas sealed therein. In accordance with the well
known Carnot cycle, by selectively heating and cooling gas within a
closed system which includes at least one movable wall, that wall
can be made to reciprocate. By connecting the wall to a crankshaft,
the reciprocable movement of the wall (piston) is converted into
rotary movement to form an engine.
It is also well known that certain hydrocarbon gases, including
propanes, butane, may advantageously be utilized in a fuel with
substantially complete combustion resulting wherein the exhaust
gases therefrom constitute only minor pollutants as compared to
other fuels customarily utilized in conjunction with an internal
combustion engine.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with this invention, it is proposed to utilize the
advantageous features of the Carnot cycle in a reciprocating engine
with the mechanically compressed gases being by-passed from the
engine through a heater utilizing one of the preferred hydrocarbon
gases as a fuel, and returning the heated gas to the engine in a
cylinder thereof where isothermal expansion and reversible
adiabatic expansion occurs, and therein utilize the expansion
characteristics of the heated gas to produce work to effect
rotation of a crankshaft.
It is also proposed to accelerate the isothermal compression of the
gas within the closed system of the engine by incorporating therein
cooling means.
Cooling means, in accordance with the foregoing, may be merely an
internal passage within an engine component which is water cooled,
or may be external, and the external cooling means can be part of a
combined heater and air conditioning system if it is so
desired.
It is further proposed in accordance with this invention to utilize
the same gas fuel supply for operating the heater and for
replenishing the gas within the engine, certain hydrocarbon gases
being suitable for use not only as a fuel, but also the gas within
the engine whereby a single gas supply is required to take care of
all operating conditions of the engine.
With the above and other objects in view that will hereinafter
appear, the nature of the invention will be more clearly understood
by reference to the following detailed description, the appended
claims and the several views illustrated in the accompanying
drawings:
IN THE DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a heat engine construction in
accordance with this invention. FIG. 2 is a fragmentary schematic
view of the heat engine with a modified form of cooling system.
FIG. 3 is a fragmentary schematic view showing a further type of
cooling means.
Reference is now made to FIG. 1 where there is illustrated a
modified form of reciprocating engine which is generally identified
by the numeral 10. The engine 10 includes an engine block 11, which
block for simplicity purposes, has been illustrated as including
four cylinders. However, it is to be understood that the number of
cyliinders may vary although the cylinders must be provided in
pairs as will be obvious hereinafter.
The engine 10 also includes a crankshaft 12 which is suitably
mounted within the engine block 11 for rotation. The cylinder has
formed therein a relatively large cylinder 13 with a piston 14
which is connected to the crankshaft 12 by means of a connecting
rod 15.
The engine 10 next includes a smaller diameter cylinder 16 having
mounted therein a piston 17 which is connected by means of a
connecting rod 18 to the crankshaft 12.
If necessary, the engine 10 could be restricted to cyclinders 13
and 16. However, in order to provide for a balanced engine
condition, the engine 10 is illustrated as also including a large
cylinder 20 having mounted therein a piston 21 connected to the
crankshaft 12 by means of a connnecting rod 22. Associated with the
cylinder 20 is a small cylinder 23 having a piston 24 therein
connected by a connecting rod 25 to the crankshaft 12.
The engine 10 also includes a head 26 having suitable valves 27
therein which will be of a conventional type and will not be
described hereinafter. The head 26 has associated with one valve of
the cylinder 13 a supply passage 28 which is connected through a
throttle valve 30 to a supply line 31 leading from a heater 32. The
head 26 has a similar intake or supply passage 33 associated with
the cylinder 21 and connected to the throttle valve 30.
The cylinder 16 is coupled to the cylinder 13 by means of a supply
passage 34 which in the illustrated form of the invention passes
through a water jacketed area of the head 26 for effecting the
cooling of gases passing therethrough. In a like manner, the
cylinder 23 is coupled with the cylinder 20 by means of a flow
passage 35 which is also water cooled by water circulating through
the head 26.
Suitable discharge passages 36,37 lead from the cylinders 16,23 and
are connected to a return line 38 leading to the heater 32. The
return line 30 has a check valve 40 incorporated therein.
The engine 10 further includes a camshaft 41 for actuating the
valves 27 in timed relation, the camshaft 41 being driven from the
crankshaft 12 by means of the usual timing sprockets 42,43 and a
timing chain 44.
It is to be understood that the engine 10 is of the two cycle type
and, accordingly, the camshaft 41 will be driven at the same
rotational speed as the crankshaft 12.
The engine 10 may also include a suitable heat exchanger in the
form of a radiator 45 which has water flow hoses 46 and 47 coupled
thereto, the hoses 46,47 leading to the block 11 and head 26. The
crankshaft 12 may also be provided with a suitable fan 48.
In order that the engine 10 may operate, there is provided a
gaseous fuel supply 50 having a line 51, provided with a valve 52
for resupplying gas to the closed system of the engine. The gaseous
fuel supply 50 is also coupled by means of a line 53 having a valve
54 therein, to the heater 32 for supplying fuel thereto.
OPERATION
The gas is heated to a high temperature within the heater 32 and as
permitted by the throttle valve TV, the heated gas is admitted into
the cylinder 20 through the supply passage 33, forcing piston 21
down. The movement of the piston 21 is due to both isothermal
expansion and reversible adiabatic expansion of the gases received
fromm the heater 32. The piston 21 moves down to the bottom of its
stroke with piston 24 moving upwardly towards the top of its
stroke. As the crankshaft 12 continues to rotate, the piston 21
moves upwardly, urging the expanded gases out of the cylinder 20
through the flow passage 35 into the cylinder 23 which now has the
piston 24 at the top of its stroke. As the expanded gases pass
through the flow means 35, they are cooled and by way of isothermal
compression, their volume is reduced. It is preferred that the
volume of the cylinder 23 corresponds to the volume of the cylinder
20 as reduced by the isothermal compression of the gases so that in
effect, no true work is required to move the expanded gases from
within the cylinder 20 into the smaller cylinder 24.
As the crankshaft 12 continues to rotate, the cylinder 24 will move
upwardly causing reversible adiabatic compression of the gases and
forcing the gases out through exhaust passage 37 into return line
38 and through check valve 40 into the heater 32 where they will
again be heated and recirculated.
It is to be understood that heated gas flow to the cylinder 13 and
from the cylinder 13 to the cylinder 16 and then returning to the
heater 32 will be the same as that described with respect to the
cylinders 20 and 23, but 180.degree. out of phase with respect to
the cylinders 20 and 23, respectively.
Inasmuch as the engine 10 utilizes a fuel for operating the heater
32 which is of the low pollutant type, it will be readily apparent
that not only has there been developed a low pollution engine, but
also one which can be effectively operated with a minimum of
modification from existing internal combustion engine
construction.
Reference is now made to FIG. 2 wherein there is illustrated a
modified form of head and cooling means. A head 126 having flow
passage therein similar to the flow passage of the head 26 is
provided. However, the head 126 differs from the head 26 in that
flow passages 134 and 135 thereof are provided with external
passages 136 and 137, respectively. The return line 38 has coupled
thereto in advance of the check valve 40 a recirculating line 138
having a check valve 140 incorporated therein. The line 138 leads
certain of the isothermally compressed and adiabatically compressed
gases into a condenser 141 which may be a part of a heater. Gases
pass from the condenser 140 through a line 141 to an evaporator 142
which may be part of an air conditioning system. The gases,
slightly expanded, leave the evaporator 142 through the external
passages 136, 137 for return circulation through the cylinders 16,
23.
Reference is now made to FIG. 3 wherein there is illustrated still
a further modified form of head construction generally identified
by the numeral 226. The head 226 is modified from the head 26 in
that gases exhausting from the cylinder 13, for example, pass
through a discharge passage 227 to a condenser 228 and from the
condenser 228 through a passage 230 to an evaporator 231. Expanded
gases passing out of the evaporator 231 pass into a return line 232
which is coupled to the cylinder 16, for example, for reversible
adiabatic compression therein.
It is to be understood that the general function of the engine 10
will be the same with the several types of head constructions
although the engine 10 of FIG. 1 may be more efficient, with the
engine arrangements of FIGS. 2 and 3 providing for auxiliaries at a
very low heat loss.
Although only several preferred embodiments of the reciprocating
heat engine have been illustrated and described herein, it is to be
understood that minor variations may be made therein without
departing from the spirit and scope of the inventon, as defined by
the appended claims.
* * * * *