U.S. patent number 3,866,800 [Application Number 04/798,628] was granted by the patent office on 1975-02-18 for non-pressurized package containing self-heating products.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Alberto Culver Company. Invention is credited to William H. Schmitt.
United States Patent |
3,866,800 |
Schmitt |
February 18, 1975 |
NON-PRESSURIZED PACKAGE CONTAINING SELF-HEATING PRODUCTS
Abstract
A non-pressurized package containing a product, especially a
cosmetic product selected from the class consisting of those to be
applied to skin and hair, said product comprising two separate
compositions which are adapted to be mixed together to form a final
heated composition which is dispensed from said package, said
package having two separate compartments for separate storage of
said two compositions, one of said compartments containing a
composition comprising an oxidant in an aqueous medium, and the
other of said compartments containing a substantially anhydrous
composition which includes a reductant, a water-soluble organic
solvent, a compressible gas which is substantially water-insoluble
but which is soluble in said organic solvent, said compressible gas
existing as a gas at a temperature in the range of ambient
temperature to about 70.degree.C. and existing as a liquid at said
temperature under superatmospheric pressure, the aforesaid two
separate compositions, when admixed, resulting in the release of
said compressible gas by reason of the insolubility of said gas in
the solution of said organic solvent and said water.
Inventors: |
Schmitt; William H. (Elmhurst,
IL) |
Assignee: |
Alberto Culver Company (Melrose
Park, IL)
|
Family
ID: |
25173871 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/798,628 |
Filed: |
February 12, 1969 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
222/94;
252/183.14; 424/45; 424/47 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B65D
35/22 (20130101); A61K 2800/242 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B65D
35/22 (20060101); B65D 35/00 (20060101); B65d
035/24 () |
Field of
Search: |
;222/94,136,145
;424/40,44,45,47 ;252/305,188.3 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Other References
The Merck Index of Chemicals and Drugs, 7th Ed., (1960), p. 664.
.
Giese et al., (I), Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Assoc.,
Vol. 39, pp. 30-36, (1950). .
Giese et al., (II), Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Assoc.,
Vol. 34, pp. 208-212, (1945)..
|
Primary Examiner: Meyers; Albert T.
Assistant Examiner: Robinson; Allen J.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Wallenstein, Spangenberg, Hattis
& Strampel
Claims
1. A non-pressurized packaged product comprising two separate
compositions which are adapted to be mixed together to form a final
heated composition which is dispensed from said package, said
package having two separate compartments for separate storage of
said two compositions, one of said compartments containing a
composition comprising an oxidant in an aqueous medium, and the
other of said compartments containing a substantially anhydrous
composition which includes a reductant, a water-soluble organic
solvent, a compressible gas which is substantially water-insoluble
but which is soluble in said organic solvent, said compressible gas
existing as a gas at a temperature in the range of ambient
temperature to about 70.degree.C. and existing as a liquid at said
temperature under superatmospheric pressure, the aforesaid two
separate compositions, when admixed, resulting in the release of
said compressible gas by reason of the insolubility of said gas in
the solution of said organic solvent and
2. A non-pressurized package containing a cosmetic product selected
from the class consisting of those to be applied to skin and hair,
said cosmetic product comprising two separate compositions which
are adapted to be mixed together to form a final heated composition
which is dispensed from said package, said package having two
separate compartments for separate storage of said two
compositions, one of said compartments containing a composition
comprising a peroxide oxidant in an aqueous medium, and the other
of said compartments containing a substantially anhydrous
composition which includes a sodium or potassium salt of sulfurous
or thiosulfuric acid as a reductant, a water-soluble organic
solvent, a compressible gas which is substantially water-insoluble
but which is soluble in said organic solvent, said compressible gas
existing as a gas at a temperature in the range of ambient
temperature to about 70.degree.C. and existing as a liquid at said
temperature under superatmospheric pressure, the aforesaid two
separate compositions, when admixed, resulting in the release of
said compressible gas by reason of the insolubility of said gas in
the solution of said organic solvent and
5. The package of claim 2, in which the oxidant is a 1 to 20
percent aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide, and in which the
reductant is
7. The package of claim 6, in which the reductant-containing
composition includes stearic acid, coconut oil fatty acids,
diethanolamine, a water-soluble alkylene glycol, cetyl alcohol, and
a polyethylene glycol
8. The package of claim 3, in which the vapor pressure of the
reductant-containing composition is in the range of from 0 to 10
psig at
9. The package of claim 8, in which the compressible gas is at
least one member selected from the group consisting of C.sub.3 to
C.sub.6 aliphatic hydrocarbons and halogenated C.sub.1 to C.sub.2
aliphatic hydrocarbons.
10. The package of claim 9, in which the compressible gas is a
chlorofluoro
11. The package of claim 10, in which the organic solvent in said
reductant-containing composition comprises a water-soluble
alkylene
12. The package of claim 6, in which the compressible gas
constitutes from about 1 to about 20 percent, by weight, of the
solution thereof in said organic solvent.
Description
This invention relates to novel self-heating products, especially
cosmetic products of the type which are applied to skin and hair,
and which are in the form of two separate compositions which are
packaged in a non-pressurized package or container and which are
adapted to be mixed together to form a final heated composition
which is dispensed from said package for use. The invention is
especially applicable to the production of self-heating shaving
creams, but it is also useful in other self-heating products,
particularly cosmetic products which are intended for application
to the skin and hair and where enhancement of the utility of said
products results from heat and the evolution of a gas or, in
certain instances, the production of a foam. Illustrative of such
other products are topical medicaments, liniments, cleaners for
household or other applications, after-shave products or lotions,
cleansing creams, astringent lotions, hair dyes, hair dye removers,
hair bleaches, hair rinses, hair shampoos, hair conditioners, hair
dressings, body and underarm deodorants, and other toiletries. The
invention will be described below in connection with cosmetic
products where it appears to have its greatest utility but it will
be understood that it is not so limited.
Self-heating cosmetic products, notably shaving creams or shaving
preparations have heretofore been known. Illustrative of such
products are those shown in U.S. Pat. No. 3,341,418. These comprise
two-part compositions which are adapted to be mixed together, the
two different parts being packaged in a single package having two
compartments for separate storage of the two parts of the
compositions, one of said parts containing an oxidant and the other
containing a reductant, said two parts being adapted to be
dispensed simultaneously with mixing whereby, on being admixed, an
exothermic reaction occurs. Each of the two-part compositions
contains various ingredients, in addition to their respective
oxidant and reductant, including substantial proportions of water.
The packages or containers in which said two-part compositions are
packaged and from which they are dispensed and pressurized with a
liquefied gaseous propellant. Other illustrative self-heating
preparations and pressurized containers or aerosol dispensers in
which they are packaged are shown in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,240,396;
3,325,056; 3,326,416 and 3,372,839.
The product compositions and the non-pressurized packages
containing the same of my present invention are radically different
from those of the previously known types referred to above and
operate on an entirely unrelated principle of gas formation and
evolution or the production of foam. While they employ separate
compositions, one of which contains an oxidant and the other of
which contains a reductant, and which separate compositions when
admixed together evolve heat and give off a gas or form a foam,
they achieve this result in an entirely different way from
heretofore known practices and procedures, and which enables
packaging in non-pressurized packaging, thereby avoiding problems
and hazards which are associated with pressurized packaging or
aerosol dispensers.
Briefly speaking, the non-pressurized package of my present
invention which contains a cosmetic product of the type which is
intended for application to the skin and hair, and wherein said
cosmetic product comprises two separate compositions which are
adapted to be mixed together to form a final heated composition
which is dispensed from said package, and wherein said package has
two separate compartments for separate storage of said two
compositions, houses in one of said compartments a composition
comprising an oxidant in an aqueous medium. In the other of said
compartments there is housed a substantially anhydrous composition
which includes a reductant, a water-soluble organic solvent, a
compressible gas which is substantially water-insoluble but which
is soluble in said organic solvent, said compressible gas being of
that type which exists as a gas at a temperature in the range of
ambient temperature to about 70.degree.C. and exists as a liquid at
said temperature under superatmospheric pressure. The aforesaid two
separate compositions, when admixed, become heated and, in
addition, cause the release of said compressible gas by reason of
the insolubility of said gas in the solution of said organic
solvent and said water. Thus, in addition to the generation of heat
and the resulting formation of a warm or hot shaving or other
cosmetic product for application to the skin or hair, the evolution
of gas which also occurs causes a mechanical action leading, in
certain cases, to foam formation and spreading. Quite high
temperatures can be reached upon admixture of the two separate
compositions as, for instance, of the order of 70.degree.C.,
depending upon a number of factors including the selection of
particular oxidants and reductants.
The oxidant-containing composition which, for convenience, may be
called the A composition, may comprise simply an aqueous solution
of an oxidizing agent, or a mixture of oxidizing agents, as, for
instance, a 1 to 20 percent aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide.
While aqueous solutions of other oxidizing agents can be employed,
such must be reasonably stable. The oxidizing agents can be used
with or without stabilizers such as are shown, for example, in U.S.
Pat. No. 3,341,418. It is particularly preferred, however, to
employ aqueous solutions of hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant,
aqueous solutions containing from about 5 to 10 percent hydrogen
peroxide being very satisfactory in most cases.
The oxidant-containing composition can, if desired, include other
ingredients, depending, for instance, on the nature of the
particular cosmetic product which it is desired to produce. Among
such other ingredients are thickeners, illustrative of which is
polyethylene glycol 300 monostearate and amine oxides such as
dimethylalkylamine oxides (e.g., "Standamox-01," Standard Chemical
Products, Hoboken, N.J.); surfactants such as those referred to
below; sodium silicate or other alkali metal silicates or other
non-reactive inorganic salts or compounds; hydrogenated castor oil;
sodium hexametaphosphate, trisodium phosphate, and sodium
tripolyphosphates.
The reductant-containing composition which, for convenience, may be
called the B composition, will generally contain the reductant (or
reducing agent) in proper amount to react with the quantity of
oxidant in the A composition. Various reductants can be employed
such as sodium or potassium salts of sulfurous acid or thiosulfuric
acid as, for instance, sodium sulfite or potassium thiosulfate.
Other reductants which can be utilized are shown, for example, in
the aforementioned patents. It is particularly preferred to use
sodium sulfite.
The proportions of the oxidant and reductant, in relation to each
other, are variable and will depend, of course, upon the particular
oxidants and reductants utilized, generally being employed in
approximately the proper stoichiometric proportions to achieve the
exothermic reaction. In the case of the use of hydrogen peroxide as
the oxidant and sodium sulfite as the reductant, 1 mol % of
hydrogen peroxide is desirably used with about 3.7 mol % of sodium
sulfite on the anhydrous basis.
In addition to the reductant, or mixtures of reductants, the B
composition will also contain a non-aqueous organic solvent in
which the reductant is soluble or dispersible or suspendable, and
in which organic solvent compressed or compressible gas or gases
are dissolved whereby to lower the vapor pressure of the resultant
solution to a point at which said solution can be maintained at
ambient temperatures in non-pressurized containers.
The organic solvent, which is used in the B composition, must be
water-soluble, and must also be a solvent for the compressed gas
which is to be dissolved therein. Illustrative examples of such
organic solvents, which generally are liquids at normal or ambient
temperatures, are saturated aliphatic monohydric alcohols
containing one to three carbon atoms such as ethyl alcohol,
n-propyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol; and di-alkyl ketones in
which the alkyl groups contain one to three carbon atoms, such as
acetone and methyl ethyl ketone. It is, however, especially
desirable to utilize normally liquid water-soluble polyethylene
glycols such as polyethylene glycol 200, 400, 600, 800, 1,000,
1,450, and higher polyethylene glycols. Various aliphatic
polyhydric alcohols such as glycerol, monoalkylene and
polyoxyalkylene glycols in which the alkylene groups contain from
two to four carbon atoms, such as ethylene glycol, propylene
glycol, dipropylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, hexylene glycol,
diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol and
somewhat higher polyethylene glycols, such as those mentioned
above, can be used. In certain cases, the organic solvent can be in
the form of one or more normally liquid organic surface active
agents or surfactants, of nonionic, anionic, cationic or amphoteric
character. Illustrative of such nonionic surfactants are alkylene
oxide, particularly ethylene oxide, adducts of fatty or aliphatic
long chain (straight or branched) alcohols, or fat-forming fatty
acids, or alkyl phenols as, for example, 8 to 20 mol ethylene oxide
adducts of octyl alcohol, decyl alcohol, dodecyl alcohol, tridecyl
alcohol, oxo-alcohols such as oxo-tridecyl alcohol, oleic acid,
palmitic acid, diamylphenol, nonylphenol, dinonylphenol, and the
like. Other normally liquid nonionic surfactants, for example,
those sold under the designation "Pluronics," are condensates or
adducts of ethylene oxide with polyoxypropylene glycols of
molecular weight 1,200 or higher. They are disclosed, for example,
in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,674,619 and 2,677,700. Normally liquid anionic
surfactants are commonly in the form of sulfates, sulfonates and
phosphates and are well known in the art, and the situation is the
same in regard to the cationic surfactants and amphoteric
surfactants of which there is an extensive literature. Mixtures of
two or more organic solvents can be utilized and, where the
mixtures of organic solvents comprise a liquid at ambient
temperatures, to the extent that one or more of them is a
surfactant, said surfactant, per se, need not be a liquid at
ambient temperatures. The organic surfactants may, per se, be
solids or liquids at ambient temperatures. While, as stated above,
the anionic, cationic and amphoteric surfactants are well known,
illustrative examples are sulfated fatty alcohols and sulfated
derivatives of fatty alcohols, and sulfonated long chain alkyl
benzenes or toluenes, advantageously in the form of their salts,
typical of which are sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium myristyl ether
sulfates, dodecylbenzene sodium sulfonate and octadecylbenzene
sodium sulfonate, and the corresponding sulfates in the form of
their amine salts such as the ethanolamine, diethanolamine,
triethanolamine and isopropylamine and isopropanolamine salts;
quaternary ammonium compounds such as lauryldimethylbenzylammonium
chloride, cetylpyridinium chloride, and lauric acid ester of
colaminoformylmethyl pyridinium chloride; and dodecyl beta-alanine,
sulfated imidazolines, and reaction products of dodecyl taurine
with hydrophobic tertiary amines. The proportions of the organic
solvent, or solvent mixtures, utilized in the B compositions are
variable but will, in general, lie in the range of about 20 to
about 90 percent by weight, or somewhat more or less, usually about
25 to about 40 percent.
Any volatile organic material which exists as a gas at room
temperatures, or use temperatures, namely, the temperatures which
are produced by the interaction of the oxidant and the reductant
when the A and B compositions are mixed together (at ambient or
atmospheric pressure) and which exists as a liquid at the same
temperatures under superatmospheric pressures, and is soluble in
the organic solvent (or mixtures thereof) utilized, and is
substantially insoluble in water, can be used as the gas-producing
agent. Especially suitable are the C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 aliphatic
hydrocarbons, namely, liquefied propane, n-butane, isobutane,
isobutylene, n-pentane, isopentane, n-hexane, and hexene-2; and
halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons which contain from 1 to 2 carbon
atoms and include, by way of example, ethyl chloride, chloroform,
trichloroethylene, methylene chloride, dichlorodifluoromethane,
monochlorodifluoromethane, dichlorotetrafluoroethane,
trichlorofluoromethane, trichlorofluoroethane, difluoroethane,
difluoromonochloroethane, trichlorotrifluoroethane, and mixtures of
two or more thereof, most desirably the saturated hydrocarbons and
halogenated saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons. The boiling points of
said aliphatic hydrocarbons and halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons
should fall within the range of about -30.degree.C. to about
60.degree.C. at atmospheric pressure, preferably about 3.degree.C.
to about 37.degree.C. The proportions thereof in the B compositions
of the present invention will, in general, range from about 1 to
about 20 percent, by weight, preferably about 5 to about 10
percent. The vapor pressure of the B compositions is, in general,
in the range of from 0 to 10 psig at 25.degree.C. and not greater
than about 15 psig at 50.degree.C. The selection of the compressed
gas is dependent, among other considerations, upon the amount of
gas production of foam production desired, as the case may be, and
the vapor pressure that is desired in the solution of the
compressed gas in the organic solvent in the B composition.
The B compositions will also contain a foaming agent or agents,
independently of considerations of solvency characteristics or
properties thereof in relation to the compressed gas. Such foaming
agents are surfactants which may, in certain instances, impart
detergency and thickening properties to the B compositions. Such
surfactants may be various soaps as, for instance, alkanolamine
soaps of fat-forming fatty acids such as diethanolamine,
triethanolamine and diisopropanolamine soaps of coco or coconut oil
fatty acids or special cuts or fractions thereof such as those
containing mainly lauric acid or myristic acid, and said soaps of
such other fatty acids as palmitic acid, oleic acid, stearic acid,
and mixtures thereof. Others of such surfactants, which may be of
anionic, nonionic or amphoteric character, include, by way of
illustration, sodium lauryl sulfate, dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate,
nonyl phenoxy polyethyleneoxyethanol, disodium N-lauryl beta
iminodipropionate, and others such as have been mentioned above.
The B compositions may also contain other agents such as thickening
agents, suspending agents, foam stabilizers such as lauryl alcohol
or other known foam stabilizers, perfumes, dyes and the like,
certain of which are employed simply to impart cosmetic elegance to
the system. While, in general, it is desirable to incorporate such
agents into the B compositions, it should be understood that, where
compatible, such agents can be incorporated into the A compositions
or into both the A and B compositions.
The A composition may be liquid, or a solid, such as a paste (or
cream) or a gel; and the B composition may be a liquid or a solid,
such as a paste (or cream) or a gel.
The following examples are illustrative of self-heating products
made in accordance with my invention. It will be understood that
numerous other self-heating products can readily be made in the
light of the guiding principles and teachings of the present
invention disclosed above. The examples given are, therefore, by
way of illustration and not by way of limitation. All parts listed
are in terms of weight %.
EXAMPLE 1
A Composition 6% Water Solution of Hydrogen Peroxide 97
Dimethylalkylamine Oxide ("Standamox-01," Standard Chemical
Products, Hoboken, N.J.) 3 B Composition Stearic Acid (Triple
Pressed) 12.6 Coconut Oil Mixed Fatty Acids 3 Diethanolamine 10.4
Polyethylene Glycol 400 32 Cetyl Alcohol 10 Polyethylene Glycol 400
Monostearate 5 Sodium Sulfite 21.5 Isopentane 5 Perfume 0.5
All of the ingredients of the B composition, other than the perfume
and the isopentane, are melted together at about 60.degree.C. and
stirred and then, while continuing the stirring and while cooling,
the perfume is added and then the isopentane is added. The
resulting A and B compositions are placed in separate compartments
of a non-pressurized package. On admixing said A and B composition,
a relatively thick warm to hot foam or lather results which is
applied to the skin to facilitate shaving.
EXAMPLE 2
A Composition Hydrogen Peroxide 6 Polyethylene Glycol 300
Monostearate 2 Deionized Water 92 B Composition "Igepal CA 630"
(Octylphenoxy- polyethyleneoxyethanol 40 Sodium Sulfite (Anhydrous)
22 Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 17 Lauryl Alcohol 11
Trichlorofluoromethane (Propellant 11) 10
The A and B compositions are each somewhat viscous fluids. They are
packaged in separate compartments in a non-pressurized package. On
being admixed and dispensed therefrom, a stiff hot shaving lather
results. The temperature of the lather reaches about 55.degree.C.
quite quickly and has the appearance of giving off steam.
A suitable non-pressurized package or container for the packaging,
admixing and dispensing of the A and B or two-part cosmetic
products of the present invention includes two flexible or
collapsible compartments, one for holding the oxidant-containing
composition and the other for holding the reductant-containing
composition, the construction being such that, when the package or
container is squeezed in the hand, substantially equal internal
pressures are created in both compartments. Separate ports are
provided for each compartment at the outlet end of the container
and outlet check valves control the outflow through these ports. A
dispenser cap is received over the outlet end of the container
enclosing the ports and valve means. The cap provides an
intermixing passage communicating with both the port means at its
inner end when the valves are open and its outer end with a
dispensing outlet; and, intermediately, means are preferably
provided for promoting thorough intermixing of the two fluids being
dispensed. While various package constructions can be utilized, a
particularly suitable one is of the type which is shown in the
application of John A. Cella, Ser. No. 774,803 filed Nov. 12, 1968,
now U.S. Pat. No. 3,581,940, for Dispensing Container, and assigned
to the assignee of the present application.
As set forth in said application, an illustrative embodiment of a
non-pressurized package or dispenser container is shown in the
accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the dispenser container, the
container being shown in use position with the hand of a user in a
suitable position for dispensing a proportioned, interacted mixture
of the A and B compositions;
FIG. 2 is a view similar to FIG. 1 with the cap and dispensing end
portion of the container broken away to show the internal
construction, the appearance of the container when full being
indicated by the broken lines, while the solid lines show the
container in partially dispensed condition;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged sectional detail view of the dispensing end
of the dispenser container of FIGS. 1 and 2, as the compositions A
and B would appear for dispensing of the two intermixed
compositions;
FIG. 4 is a view similar to FIG. 3, except that the compositions A
and B are shown in the relation that they would have when the
container is not being used for dispensing;
FIG.. 5 is an exploded perspective view of the components of the
dispensing end of the container;
FIG. 6 is a transverse sectional view taken on line 6--6 of FIG. 1
and looking toward the dispensing end of the container;
FIG. 7 is a reduced scale elevational view of the two-compartment
tube;
FIG. 8 is a sectional view of the tube taken on line 8--8 of FIG.
7;
FIG. 9 is a transverse sectional view of the two-compartment
container taken on line 9--9 of FIG. 2 showing the compartments in
partially collapsed condition;
FIG. 10 is a fragmentary sectional view of the closure end of the
two-compartment container taken on line 10--10 of FIG. 7; and
FIG. 11 is a fragmentary detailed view of the dispensing end of the
two-compartment container looking in the direction indicated by the
line 11--11 in FIG. 7.
Looking first at FIGS. 1 and 2, the dispenser container, which is
capable of providing on demand substantially uniform dispensing of
both the A and B compositions in any desired increments, and
dispensing the resulting heated product as a proportioned reacting
mixture, while avoiding back-flow and reacting of the compositions
A and B within the storage compartments of the container, includes
an elongated tube or tubular container means designated generally
by the number 10. Container means 10 is formed of flexible material
such as plastic or a plastic laminate and provides opposite outer
walls 11 and 12. Central wall means 13, 14 divide the container 10
into two longitudinally-extending compartments 15 and 16, which,
preferably, and in the embodiments shown, are of substantially
equal volume.
The dual compartmented container tube 10 is dimensioned to be
grasped by one hand, for example, as shown in FIG. 1, for
simultaneously and substantially uniformly collapsing the outer
walls 11, 12 and the central wall means 13, 14 toward a central
longitudinal plane substantially bisecting the container, as
indicated by a line x--x in FIG. 1. With this construction, upon
the squeezing pressure being applied to the outer walls 11, 12 when
the container is grasped by the hand, for example, between the palm
and fingers, the volume of the compartments 15 and 16 can be
correspondingly reduced to achieve substantially uniform dispensing
of both compositions A and B.
As shown more clearly in FIG. 2, the tubular container 10 has an
outlet end and a closure end, the closure end being shown at the
top and the outlet end at the bottom, as the unit is preferably
held for dispensing. It will also be noted, as shown in both FIGS.
1 and 2, that the container means 10 tapers from the lower or
outlet end toward the upper or closure end so that the compartments
15, 16 progressively reduce in cross-section toward the closure
end, or, stated otherwise, progressively enlarge in cross-section
toward the outlet end.
The tapering and cross-sectional shape of the tube elements which
provide the compartments or chambers 15, 16 can be seen more
clearly by comparing the cross-section of FIG. 6 with the
cross-section of FIG. 8. These cross-sections show the tubular
elements substantially as they would appear in expanded condition,
the section of FIG. 6 being taken adjacent the outlet end, while
the section of FIG. 8 is taken adjacent the closure end. As can be
seen, the compartments 15, 16 have approximate cross-sections of
half ellipses, the outer walls 11, 12, respectively, forming the
outer boundary of each half of the ellipse, while the inner walls
13, 14, generally coincide with the major axes of the ellipse. When
considered from this standpoint, it can be seen that the minor
axes, or, more accurately, the half of the minor axes within each
of the compartments (15, 16), progressively shortens from the
outlet end to the closure end of the compartments, the half minor
axes becoming zero at the sealing juncture 17. The arcuate outer
walls 11, 12 are readily collapsible against the relatively
straight or flat inner walls 13, 14. Thus, this particular
cross-sectional shape and the tapering of the generally ellipsoidal
two-compartment container contributes to the desired unformity of
collapsing, creating essentially equal pressures within each of the
compartments (15, 16), as well as essentially equal reductions in
compartment volumes. Both of the tube elements can be
simultaneously compressed by the grasp of a single hand, as shown
in FIG. 1. When substantially fully collapsed, the outer walls 11,
12 closely approach the inner walls 13, 14 and become substantially
parallel thereto, as shown more clearly in FIG. 9.
At the closure end, the outer walls 11, 12 and the central wall
means 13, 14 are brought together and united along a transverse
line, as indicated at 17. The transverse closure seam 17 lies in
substantially the same longitudinal plane toward which the outer
walls collapse as the container is squeezed. A 90.degree. rotation
of the closure line 17 is less desirable. If the closure line 17 is
perpendicular to the plane x--x toward which the walls 11, 12
collapse, there is much greater likelihood of the dispensing from
the respective compartment 15, 16 being unequal and variable. In
general, therefore, closure line 17 is oriented so as to be
generally parallel to the central longitudinal plane of the
container toward which the outer walls are collapsed.
As indicated in FIG. 2, and shown more clearly in FIGS. 3 and 4,
the outlet end of the container provides outlet port or port means
18, 19 which separately communicate with the compartments, the port
18 communicating with the compartment 15, and the port 19
communicating with the compartment 16. Outlet check valve means,
designated generally by the numbers 20 and 21, are associated with
each of the port means. The check valve means 20 controls the port
18 and includes spring means for biasing the valve to close the
port when the container 10 is under ordinary atmospheric pressure
while permitting the ports to open when the compartment 15 is
exposed to pressure by the grasp of a hand. The outlet check valve
21 is of similar construction and similarly controls the port 19
for compartment 16. The design of the check valves 21 is not
critical, provided they perform their intended function of
permitting dispensing of the compositions A and B under pressure,
while effectively precluding back-flow.
A dispenser cap or cap means, designated generally by the number
22, is received on the outlet end of the tubular container 10
enclosing the port means 18, 19 and the valve means 20, 21. The cap
22 provides a common passage or passage means 23 communicating at
its inner end (the upper end as shown in FIG. 2) with both of the
port means 18, 19 when they are opened by the valve means 20, 21.
As will subsequently be explained in greater detail, the passage
means 23 includes flow-interrupting means, such as baffle or
orifice means, for promoting intermixing of the two fluids, the
object being to achieve a turbulent, intermixing type of flow,
rather than a smooth or laminar flow.
The entire tubular container 10 is desirably formed as an integral
unit from a thermoplastic material such as polyethylene or
polypropylene. The container 10 is advantageously formed by
blow-molding with the closure ends of the compartments being left
open. The appearance of the container at this stage is shown more
clearly in FIG. 6. As there shown, the outlet end of the container
is closed by a horizontally-extending disk portion 24, which
provides the outlet ports 18 and 19. The compartment 15 is provided
between the arcuate or semicircular wall 12 and the central
generally straight wall portion 14. Similarly, the compartment 16
is defined by the outer curved wall 11 and the inner relatively
straight wall 13. The walls 13 and 14 near their transverse center
are connected by an integral rib 25, which facilitates the blow
molding of the dual compartment container. The adjacent surfaces of
the central wall means 13, 14 can be partially or completely united
to define a composite central wall. With other types of molding,
such as extrusion molding, the container 10 may be formed with the
central wall means comprising a single integral partition.
The groove-like openings 26 and 27 between the walls 13, 14 can be
reduced in size and partially closed when the closure end of the
tube is sealed. This is the construction shown in FIGS. 1 and 2
where the closure line 17 is formed by a heat seal, which fuses and
unites the portions of walls 11, 12, 13 and 14 immediately adjacent
the closure end of the container. Typically, the closure line 17
will extend along a straight transverse line, as shown in FIG. 7.
FIG. 7 differs from the construction of FIGS. 1 and 2, however, in
that the outer corners, respectively between the walls 12, 14 and
11, 13 are brought together and heat sealed or fused to form the
longitudinally-extending flanges 28, 29, as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8,
said heat seals 28, 29 being preferably utilized to improve the
appearance of the container. With the construction of FIGS. 7 and
8, the central wall members 13, 14, are, in effect, one unitary
partition wall, but, with either the construction of FIGS. 7 and 8
or that of FIGS. 1 and 2, there is provided central wall means
which divide the container into the two compartments 15 and 16, and
the outer and central walls are collapsible toward the longitudinal
central plane, such as the plane x--x.
Referring, now to FIGS. 3, 4 and 5, which show more clearly the
individual components which provide the outlet check valve 20, 21,
the cap 22, and the passage 23, the components of the cap assembly,
as shown in the exploded view of FIG. 5, can be molded from a
suitable plastic, such as a polyvinyl plastic or a vinyl-acetate
copolymer plastic. This includes the valve housing insert 30, the
cooperating spring retainer 31, the cover 32, and the outlet spout
33. The ball valves 34 and the springs 35 can be formed of metal,
such as steel. The assembly of these components is shown more
clearly in FIGS. 3 and 4.
The member 30 provides two tubular extensions 30a, 30b which extend
through the ports 18, 19, and provide housings for the balls and
springs 35. The horizontal disk portion 30c fits against the
container disk portion 24, these parts being held together by a
press fit.
The member 31 includes a horizontal disk portion 31a from which
project pin portions 31b, 31c, which retain the springs 35 in the
assembly, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. Pin portion 31b, 31c, which
retain the springs 35 in the assembly, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4.
Pin portions 31b, 31c are provided, respectively, with channels or
grooves 31d, 31e which communicate, respectively, with cross
channels 31f, 31g. In the center of disk portion 31a is provided an
opening 31h the side walls of which are in communication with the
cross channels 31f and 31g. The disk portions 30c and 31a can be
sealed together by heat fusion, or can be connected by a press
fit.
In the embodiment shown, the cover 32 is provided with internal
threads 32a which cooperate with the external threads 36 on neck
portion 37 of the container. However, cover 32 can be permanently
attached to the container, with the other components assembled
substantially as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, or can be attached in
other suitable ways. Cover 32 also provides a spout portion 32b,
which slidably receives the tubular portion 33a of spout member 33,
the intermediate portion of the spout providing an annular boss or
lug 33b, which can be snapped into spout portion 32b over the
annular ledge 32c, while thereafter being retained therein for
movement between the open position shown in FIG. 3 and the closed
position shown in FIG. 4. The purpose of this operation will be
subsequently explained.
The disk portion 30c provides a circular recess 30d for receiving
the inner end of tubular section 33a, as shown in FIG. 4. In this
position, the inner end portion of spout section 33a closes and
effectively seals the cross-flow channels 31f and 31g.
When the elements are in open position, as shown in FIG. 3, the
inner end 33c of spout 33a projects into the cross-flow passages
31f, 31g, thereby tending to interrupt the flow and forcing the
compositions A and B to enter the recess 33d, reverse direction and
intermix, and then flow outwardly through the passage 23, as
indicated by the arrows in FIG. 3. A turbulent intermixing type of
flow is desirable to promote through intermixing of the
compositions A and B being dispensed, and therefore it is desirable
to provide flow-interrupting or baffle means for promoting the
intermixing.
In the operation of the dispenser container, compositions A and B
are filled into their respective compartments, such as the
compartment 16 for the reductant-containing composition before the
end closure 17 is formed, and compartment 15 for oxidant-containing
composition. The heat sealed end closure is then formed, as
previously described, so that the compartments decrease in
cross-section from the outlet end of the closure end, and the
closure line extends in a plane, which preferably is approximately
the same as the plane centrally bisecting the container between the
compartments and running generally parallel to the inner
compartment walls, 14, 15. The rib 25, which connects the walls 13,
14 along the longitudinal center line of the container, preferably
terminates at a spaced distance from the transverse union line 17,
leaving a space 28, as shown more clearly in FIG. 10. The rib
connection 25 can extend continuously from space 28 up to and into
the neck portion 38, as shown in FIG. 11.
For shipment and storage, manually-operable means is provided for
selectively preventing accidental opening of the outlet check
valves. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the inner end of the common
passage 23 through the outlet spout 33 communicates with the port
means 18, 19 through separate passage extensions 31f, 31d and 31g,
31e. Manually-operable means, comprising the slidable spout member
33, is provided for selectively closing the outer ends of the
passage extensions, namely, the cross-flow passages 31f, 31g. As
shown, the inner end of spout portion 31g can be moved across the
passages 31f, 31g and inserted into the recess 30d, thereby
effectively closing the cross-flow passages and preventing
communication between the compartments 15, 16 and the outflow
passage 23.
Preparatory to dispensing operation, spout 33 can be grasped by the
button end portion 33d and pulled outwardly to the position shown
in FIG. 3, which opens the passage 23 to cross-flow channels 31f,
31g. The dispenser container is then inverted so that, for
instance, if the compositions A and B in the compartments 15 and 16
are liquid or flowable, they will run down toward the outlet end.
In this position, the container tube 10 can be grasped with one
hand, for example in the manner indicated in FIG. 1, and
substantially equal force applied to squeeze the outer walls 11, 12
toward the inner walls 13, 14, and toward the center line x--x. The
result of this squeezing action is to simultaneously open the
outlet check valves 20, 21 by depression of the balls 34 against
the springs 35, as shown more clearly in FIG. 3. This permits the
two fluids to flow downwardly and merge in the common passage 23,
as indicated by the outflow arrows in FIG. 3. As previously
explained, the inner end portion 33c of outlet spout 33 serves as a
flow-interrupting or baffle means, which directs the compositions A
and B into the recess 30d, thereby causing them to intermix and
reverse direction before flowing outwardly through the passage 23.
As soon as the squeezing pressure is relaxed, the balls 34 will
return to their seated positions as shown in FIG. 4, closing the
valve ports 30e, 30f, and preventing any back-flow which might
contaminate the composition within one of the compartments 15,
16.
The dispensing operation is assisted where the dispensing end of
the container provides a relatively rigid neck portion 37
surrounding the port means 20, 21, and it is also desirable that
neck portion 37 be connected to tube 10 by an outwardly extending
annular shoulder or shoulder means 38. Shoulder portion 38 enlarges
the compartments at the dispensing end of the container and tends
to prevent the outer walls 11, 12 from collapsing against the
central wall means 13, 14 adjacent the port means 20, 21.
With the construction shown, the compartments 15, 16 are completely
sealed by the container means 10 except for the port means 18 and
19. The operation of the outlet check valves 20, 21, which close as
soon as a squeezing pressure is discontinued against the walls 11,
12, is such as to maintain a partial vacuum within the compartments
15 and 16 between incremental dispensing of the compositions A and
B. This can cause the outer walls 11, 12 to be held in partially
depressed or collapsed condition against the remaining composition
in each compartment.
In FIG. 1, compartments 15, 16 are shown approximately half filled
with the compositions A and B, indicating that a portion of the
compositions has previously been dispensed. When fully charged as
in the initial formation of the package, the outermost portions of
outer walls 11, 12 may occupy positions somewhat as shown in the
dotted lines of FIG. 2. As the dispensing continues, they will tend
to press in against the remaining composition, as indicated by the
solid lines in FIG. 2, where the compositions A and B have been
reduced to about one-third the maximum volume of the compartments
15, 16. In the section of FIG. 9, the appearance of the compartment
walls when substantially fully collapsed is indicated, the level of
the compositions A and B being below the section line 9--9 as shown
in FIG. 2.
The shoulder portion 36 holds the dispensing end of the
compartments open for drainage collection of the last portions of
the compositions, where the latter are liquids or are flowable,
while the container can be milked downwardly by hand pressure to
dispense the last increments of the compositions while still
maintaining relatively uniform intermixing.
I am aware that it has heretofore been disclosed to prepare
self-foaming or gas-releasable compositions, which are adapted to
be packaged in non-pressure containers, such as collapsible or
squeezable metallic tubes, plastic containers, and the like and
which, when spread out in a thin layer, foam spontaneously. Such
compositions, which are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 2,995,521, and
may be in the form of shaving creams, comprise a mixture of (a) at
least one substance of the class of C.sub.5 to C.sub.6 saturated
aliphatic hydrocarbons and various Freons, which may be jellified
with aluminum octoate, and (b) a mixture of a plurality of
ingredients comprising, in the case of a shave cream, vegetable
oils, stearic acid, potassium hydroxide, glycerine, lauryl
sulfonate and a substantial content of water, the water
constituting about 37 percent of the (b) mixture and about 30
percent of the shaving cream as a whole. The gas is suspended in a
metastable state in the examples as described in the above patent,
and the release of the gas is effected by the spreading out of the
compositions in a thin layer. The non-pressurized packaged cosmetic
products of my invention are sharply distinguishable therefrom in a
number of particulars in that, for instance, my products are
self-heating and the B compositions thereof are anhydrous or
substantially anhydrous, and the gas-producing agent or agents are
in solution in an organic solvent and are displaced or released
from said solution when contacted with water and issue as a gas at
the temperatures encountered in the environment of their use.
I am also aware that it has been suggested to prepare
gas-releasable or foam-producing compositions for dispensing from
aerosol containers, as disclosed, for instance, in U.S. Pat. Nos.
3,055,834 and 3,131,153, the compositions of said latter patent
containing (a) an alcohol or dialkyl ketone, (b) glycerol or an
alkylene glycol such as polyoxyethylene glycol 200, 400, 600, etc.,
(c) a surface active agent, and (d) a propellant in the form of a
liquified normally gaseous aliphatic hydrocarbon or halogenated
aliphatic hydrocarbon such as butanes or pentanes or
dichlorodifluoromethane or dichlorotetrafluoroethane. Such
gas-releasable or foam-producing compositions are suggested for use
as pre-electric shave lotions, after-shave lotions, astringents,
colognes, sun tan lotions, hair-coloring tints, hair dressings,
etc. The said compositions are dispensed by means of conventional
aerosol propellants and contained in conventional pressurized
containers or aerosol packaging. Again, my non-pressurized packaged
cosmetic products are sharply distinguishable from the disclosures
and teachings in said patents is readily apparent from the
foregoing detailed disclosures and teachings. My packaged products
are not only self-heating and not only are packaged in
non-pressurized containers, but, indeed, if even the B composition
were simply placed as such, and without more, in an aerosol
container, it would not be dispensable therefrom.
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