U.S. patent number 3,866,425 [Application Number 05/319,419] was granted by the patent office on 1975-02-18 for method of and apparatus for the driving and extractor of sheet piles.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Hudswell Morrice Ltd.. Invention is credited to Anthony Ronald Seaton Morrice.
United States Patent |
3,866,425 |
Morrice |
February 18, 1975 |
METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR THE DRIVING AND EXTRACTOR OF SHEET
PILES
Abstract
This invention relates to sheet piling and more particularly to
a method and apparatus for use in the driving and extraction of
sheet piling and the present invention seeks to provide an improved
method and apparatus for the driving and extraction of sheet piles
in connection with excavations and particularly in connection with
the construction of trenches.
Inventors: |
Morrice; Anthony Ronald Seaton
(Harrogage, EN) |
Assignee: |
Hudswell Morrice Ltd. (Leeds,
EN)
|
Family
ID: |
23242165 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/319,419 |
Filed: |
December 29, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
405/274; 173/1;
254/29R; 180/8.5; 405/232 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E02D
5/16 (20130101); E02D 13/04 (20130101); E02D
11/00 (20130101); E02D 17/086 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
E02D
17/06 (20060101); E02D 17/08 (20060101); E02D
5/16 (20060101); E02D 11/00 (20060101); E02D
5/02 (20060101); E02D 13/00 (20060101); E02D
13/04 (20060101); E02d 005/16 (); E02d 007/00 ();
E02d 013/04 () |
Field of
Search: |
;61/53.5,41A,63,58,59
;254/29 ;180/8C,8D ;173/1 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Shapiro; Jacob
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Philpitt; Fred
Claims
1. A method of inserting a pile comprising the steps of pitching
one or more piles relative to a piling apparatus supported on a
ground surface, driving said pitched pile into the ground, raising
said piling apparatus clear of the ground so that the piling
apparatus is supported on a plurality of movable bearing pads,
moving the piling apparatus forwardly relative to the bearing pads,
lowering said piling apparatus relative to the bearing pads so that
the piling again rests on the ground, and
2. A method as claimed in claim 1, comprising the additional step
of moving
3. Piling apparatus comprising a piling rig which is adapted to be
supported on and movable over the surface of the ground, said
piling rig being adapted for the insertion and withdrawal of a pile
into and out of the ground below said piling rig and comprising a
rigid framework having at least one driving frame, power-operated
means connected between the rigid framework and the driving frame
for moving the driving frame up and down relative to said rigid
framework, said driving frame being adapted to have a pile
removably coupled thereto so that the pile may move up and down
with said driving frame, a plurality of bearing pads, an element on
each pad movable relative to the pad in the desired direction of
rigid framework travel, a drive motor operable to effect such
relative movement, and a lifting connection between each element
and the rigid framework to
4. Piling apparatus according to claim 3, wherein there are two
driving frames, one along each side of the piling rig, said frames
each having a plurality of lugs adapted to receive means to couple
the piles to the
5. Piling apparatus according to claim 3, wherein said driving
frame is movable relative to said rigid framework by at least one
fluid pressure -
6. Piling apparatus according to claim 3 wherein each bearing pad
comprises a hollow member housing a fluid pressure -- operated
traversing jack for moving the bearing pad relative to the piling
rig so as to cause movement
7. Piling apparatus according to claim 3 wherein each bearing pad
is movable vertically relative to the piling rig by a fluid
pressure-operated lifting jack whereby the piling rig may be raised
clear of the ground
8. Piling apparatus according to claim 7, including control means
for controlling the piling, traversing and lifting jacks.
Description
THE PRESENT INVENTION
According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided
a method of inserting a pile into the ground including the step of
driving a pile into the ground relative to a piling apparatus which
is supported on a ground surface and against the weight of said
piling apparatus. The method may include the additional step of
moving the piling apparatus forwardly relative to the driven
pile.
According to a second aspect there is provided a method of
extracting a pile from the ground including the step of withdrawing
a pile from the ground relative to and against the resistance of a
piling apparatus supported on a ground surface. The method
additional include the additinal step of moving the extracted pile
with the piling apparatus.
According to a third aspect of the present invention there is
provided a method of inserting a pile comprising the steps of
pitching one or more piles relative to a piling apparatus supported
on a ground surface, driving said pitched pile into the ground,
raising said piling apparatus clear of the ground so that the
piling apparatus is supported on a plurality of movable bearing
pads, moving the piling apparatus forwardly relative to the bearing
pads, lowering said piling apparatus relative to the bearing pads
so that the piling apparatus again rests on the ground. The method
may include the additional step of moving the bearing pads
forwardly relative to the piling apparatus.
According to another aspect of the present invention there is
provided piling apparatus comprising a piling rig which is adapted
to be supported on the surface of the ground and which is adapted
for the insertion and withdrawal of a pile into and out of the
ground below said piling rig, said piling rig being movable along
said ground surface. The piling rig will preferably include driving
means for moving said pile relative to the piling rig.
The piling rig or frame will preferably comprise a rigid framework
having one or more driving frames movable relative thereto, said
driving frame(s) being coupled to the piles so that the driving
frame(s) may move with the piles.
There will preferably be two driving frames one along each side of
the piling rig, said frames each having a plurality of lugs or the
like through which may pass means to couple the piles to said
driving frames. The driving frame will be movable relative to said
framework by one or more fluid pressure-operated piling jacks.
The piling apparatus will preferably have a plurality of bearing
pads by which the piling rig may be moved forwardly. Each comprises
a hollow member housing a fluid pressure-operated traversing jack
for moving the bearing pad relative to the piling rig so as to
cause movement of the piling rig along the surface of the
ground.
Each bearing pad will be movable vertically relative to the piling
rig by a fluid pressure-operated lifting jack whereby the piling
rig may be raised clear of the ground prior to the piling rig being
moved along the surface of the ground.
The piling apparatus will preferably carry its own control means
for controlling the piling, traversing and lifting jacks.
In order that the invention may be more readily understood, an
embodiment thereof will now be described, by way of example, with
reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is an isometric view of trench shoring apparatus according
to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a cut-away view in the direction of arrow "X" in FIG. 1
and showing a piling jack for driving the piles or sheet members
relative to the apparatus;
FIG. 3 is a cut-away view in the direction of arrow "Y" in FIG. 1
and showing the detail of part of the apparatus of FIG. 1;
FIGS. 4A, 4B, 4C and 4D illustrate diagrammatically part of the
operating sequence of apparatus according to the invention; and
FIG. 5 shows the apparatus of FIG. 1 in a first mode of
operation.
Referring to the drawings and firstly to FIG. 1, the piling
apparatus is indicated generally by reference numeral 2 and
comprises a piling rig indicated generally by reference numeral 4
which is mounted on or which carries a base plate 6.
The piling rig 4 comprises a rigid framework 8 having side
structures 10 and 10A and end structure 12 respectively. The
framework 8 is supported and braced by a plurality of bracing
members, two of which are indicated by reference numeral 14.
Adapted to move vertically relative to the side structures 10 and
10A of the framework 8, are two opposed driving beams 16 and 18
each of which are fabricated structures and each incorporating two
horizontally-spaced, vertically disposed plates 20, 22 and 24, 26
respectively so as to form vertically extending slots 28 and 30
therebetween which correspond in position to the slots between the
members forming the side structures 10 and 10A. Locatable in said
slots 28 and 30 is a plurality of piles 32 and 34 each of which has
a plurality of vertically spaced holes 36 therein. The piles are
couplable to said driving beams 16 and 18 by passing pins (not
shown) through lugs 38 and 40 of the driving beams 16 and 18, and
through the holes 36 in the piles 32 and 34.
The driving beams 16 and 18 are shown in their lowermost positions
and are movable vertically relative to the framework 8, referring
now to FIG. 2, by a plurality of fluid pressure-operated piling
jacks, one of which is indicated by reference numeral 42. The
cylinder of the piling jack 42 is secured by a pin joint 44 to a
bottom member 46 of the box-like structure 8 and the piston 48 of
the jack 42 is connected to the underside of the driving beam 18,
so that actuation of the jack 42 will cause the driving beam 18 to
move upwardly at which position the piles are coupled to the beam
-- and then by reversing the jack 42 the beam 18, and any piles
connected thereto, to move downwardly relative to the framework
8.
There will be four such piling jacks, one towards each end of the
driving beams 16 and 18, the jacks of each driving beam being
operated in unison with each other. If desired all four piling
jacks may be operated in unison.
Referring again to FIG. 1, it will be seen that the base plate 6
has a plurality of cut-outs 50 which extend through the base plate
8 and located in each of the cut-outs 50 is a movable bearing pad
52. Each bearing pad 52 has an upright member 54 which is braced
relative to the framework 8 by bracing members 56 and 58 secured to
sleeve members 59, the latter being itself braced by bracing member
60 secured between the members 58 and base plate 6. Carried in lugs
62 and 64 secured to each upright member 54 is a fluid
pressure-operated lifting jack 66 by which the bearing pad 52 may
be moved vertically relative to the base plate 6 as will be
explained hereinafter.
Referring now to FIG. 3 which shows a detail of a bearing pad, it
will be seen that the bearing pad 52 is a hollow box structure
having an upper elongate slot through which projects the lower end
of the upright member 54. Said lower end of the member 54 is
secured to a roller 68 within the hollow box structure, said roller
68 having a stop 70 which is adapted to abut a dividing wall 72 in
the hollow box structure.
Mounted within the hollow box structure is a horizontally disposed,
fluid pressure-operated traversing jack 74 whose piston 76 is
secured to the rear wall 78 of the hollow box structure and by
which the bearing pad 52 may be moved relative to the base plate 6
and framework 8.
A box 80 (FIG. 1) is provided on the base plate 6, the box 80
housing the controls for the piling, lifting and traversing
jacks.
In operation, referring now to FIG. 5, the mode of operation
illustrated is a continuous mode of operation to be adopted for the
continuous driving of piles, i.e., one in which the piling rig 2
works in advance of an excavator 82 and where the piles may not be
extracted after the laying of the pipe sections 84 and the
filling-in of the trench after the pipe sections have been laid.
The piles or sheet members 32 and/or 34 are pitched and driven
continuously and the piling apparatus 2 of the invention
continuously advances.
Referring firstly the insertion of a single line of piles, the
piles are pitched relative to the apparatus 2 by a crane or other
means (not shown) so that the piles enter the slot 28 whereafter
the driving frames 16 is moved vertically upwards relative to the
framework 8. The pitched piles 32 are then coupled to the driving
frames 16 by passing pins (not shown) through some at least of the
lugs 38 so that the pins engage in one of the holes 36 in each of
the piles to be driven. The piles so coupled to the driving frame
16 are then driven into the ground below the level of the apparatus
by reversing the piling jacks so as to move downwardly the driving
frame 16. The pins are then removed and the driving frame 16 again
moved upwardly and re-coupled to the piles.
During the course of driving the piles, further piles or sheet
members may be pitched, coupled to the driving frame and driven
into the ground.
The reaction to the upward forces during the driving of the piles
and the subsequently pitched piles is provided by the weight of the
apparatus 2, but where this weight is insufficient, kentledge (not
shown) may be located on the base plate 6 and/or some or all of the
driven piles may be pinned to the structure 8 by passing pins (not
shown) through holes 8A in the structure 8.
The piles 32 will be driven into the ground, the final driving of
the piles 32 being achieved by inserting a member or members
between the upper surfaces of the piles and the lower surfaces of
the driving frame 16 so that upon downward movement of the driving
frame said member or members will act downwardly on the piles 32.
The piles may alternatively, be driven solely by means of piling
caps or chains.
When the piles have been driven to their final positions, the
apparatus 2 is moved in the direction "D" of the trench as will be
described hereinafter.
In the case where the excavation is to take the form of a trench,
the piles 34 will also be pitched and driven, preferably
simultaneously with the piles 32, so that two opposed lines of
piles 32 and 34 will be inserted into the ground.
The trench shoring apparatus 2 will be moved forwardly in the
direction "D" of the trench as will now be described with reference
to FIGS. 4A, 4B, 4C and 4D. Referring firstly to FIG. 4A, the
lifting jacks 66 are actuated to cause the apparatus 2 to be raised
clear of the ground so that the bearing pads 52 support the
apparatus. This upward movement of the apparatus 2 in the direction
of arrow "A" is achieved by the pistons of the lifting jacks acting
against the undersides of the bracing members 58 so as to move
upwardly the framework 8, the base plate 6 and parts attached
thereto, the sleeves 59 sliding relative to the upright members 54.
The position of the apparatus 2 following this procedure is shown
in FIG. 4A. The apparatus is then moved forwardly in the direction
of arrow "B", i.e., in the direction "D" of the trench, by
actuation of the traversing jacks 74 as shown in FIG. 4B. Actuation
of the traversing jacks 74 causes the pistons 76 thereof to press
against the rear walls 78 of the bearing pads 52 and because the
pads are supporting the apparatus and because the rolling
resistance of the downward forces on the pads 52 are less than the
forces in the traversing jacks 52, the cylinders of the jacks 52
will move in the direction of arrow "B" and because said cylinders
bear against the dividing walls 72 which in turn are connected to
the framework 8 through the upright members 54 and bracing members
56 and 58, the box-like structure 8 and parts attached thereto will
move forwardly in the direction of arrow "B" to the position shown
in FIG. 4B.
The apparatus 2 is then lowered in the direction of arrow "C" (FIG.
4C) by the lifting jacks 66 so that the base plate 6 comes to rest
on the ground and the bearing pads 52 raised clear of the
ground.
The bearing pads 52 -- now clear of the ground -- are then moved
forwardly in the direction of arrow "D" relative to the remainder
of the apparatus by reversing the traversing jacks 74, the bearing
pads 52 sliding relative to the upright members 54 into the
positions shown in FIG. 4D in readiness for the next lifting
operation as described with reference to FIG. 4A.
When this lifting and traversing cycle has been completed, the
pitching and driving of the piles or sheet members may be
recommenced.
It will be appreciated that the piles may be driven individually by
connecting them singly to one of the driving frames. It will also
be appreciated that a single line of piles may be pitched and
driven as above described.
Where the piles are to be extracted, the driving frame(s) is or are
coupled to the pile or piles and the piling jacks 42 operated to
move the driving frame or frames upwardly. The extraction of the
piles may take place singly or more than one at a time, and from
one or two lines of piles.
* * * * *