U.S. patent number 3,862,609 [Application Number 05/452,847] was granted by the patent office on 1975-01-28 for incinerator ash removal apparatus.
This patent grant is currently assigned to General Electric Company. Invention is credited to Christian A. Eff.
United States Patent |
3,862,609 |
Eff |
January 28, 1975 |
INCINERATOR ASH REMOVAL APPARATUS
Abstract
A valve and duct means are provided to extract ash-laden air
from the combustion chamber of an incinerator and direct it to fly
ash separators and a finer filter in order that small particles of
ash may be separated from the air before the air is exhausted to
atmosphere. An alternate path is provided to remove ash remaining
in the combustion chamber after an incineration cycle is completed.
Ash-laden air from the combustion chamber is directed to a cyclone
separator to remove larger particles of ash from the air. The air
is then sent through the fly ash separators and the finer filter in
order to remove any remaining smaller particles of ash. The air is
then returned to the combustion chamber where particles of ash
remaining therein are stirred up by the returning air. Electrical
circuitry is provided so that operation of the ash removal
apparatus is substantially automatic. A protective circuit prevents
operation of the ash-removal apparatus if the temperature in the
combustion chamber is above a predetermined level.
Inventors: |
Eff; Christian A. (Louisville,
KY) |
Assignee: |
General Electric Company
(Louisville, KY)
|
Family
ID: |
23798195 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/452,847 |
Filed: |
March 20, 1974 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
110/193; 110/119;
110/216; 55/312; 110/165A; 110/259 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F23J
15/027 (20130101); F23J 3/06 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F23J
15/02 (20060101); F23J 3/06 (20060101); F23J
3/00 (20060101); F23j 001/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;55/312,315,342,350
;110/8R,119,165A |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Sprague; Kenneth W.
Claims
What is claimed as new and desired to be secured by Letters Patent
of the United States is:
1. Ash removal apparatus for an incinerator including a combustion
chamber comprising:
a. a blower for providing air flow for the incinerator;
b. first means for selectively directing air from the combustion
chamber to said blower through a first path during ash removal
operation and through a second path during incineration;
c. said first path directing air from said combustion chamber
through a first separating means for removing larger ash particles
and then through a second separating means for removing smaller ash
particles;
d. said second path bypassing said first separating means and
directing air from said combustion chamber directly through said
second separating means; and
e. second means for selectively directing air discharged from said
blower through a third path to said combustion chamber during ash
removal operation and through a fourth path to atmosphere during
incineration.
2. The ash removal apparatus recited in claim 1 wherein:
a. said first means includes a valve positioned adjacent said
combustion chamber and movable between a first position permitting
air flow through said first path and a second position blocking air
flow through said first path; and
b. said first means further includes a baffle movable
simultaneously with said valve for blocking said second path when
said valve is in said first position.
3. The ash removal apparatus recited in claim 1
wherein:
a. said second means includes a first duct connecting said blower
to atmosphere;
b. a second duct connecting said first duct to said combustion
chamber; and
c. a baffle positioned at the junction of said first and second
ducts for selectively directing air from said first duct to
atmosphere or through said second duct to said combustion
chamber.
4. The ash removal apparatus recited in claim 1 wherein said second
separating means includes a plurality of serially connected
separators suitable for removing fly ash and a third separator
connecting between said plurality of separators and said blower for
removing finer ash particles.
5. The ash removal apparatus recited in claim 4 and further
including a duct connecting said plurality of said separators and
said third separator and means for introducing air from the
atmosphere through said duct to maintain the temperature in said
third separator below a predetermined level.
6. The ash removal apparatus of claim 2 wherein said first means
further includes a valve and electrical circuitry means associated
therewith for simultaneously diverting ash-laden air to said first
separating means and energizing said exhaust blower, said
electrical circuitry means responsive to the temperature within
said combustion chamber so that power to said exhaust blower is
interrupted if the temperature within said combustion chamber
exceeds a predetermined value.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The invention is directed to solid waste incinerators and more
particularly to new and improved apparatus for removing ash from
such incinerators.
2. Description of the Prior Art
In modern solid waste incinerators, combustion is very efficient,
so that only small amounts of ash are left in the incinerator after
an incineration cycle. A good example of this type of incinerator
is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 3,742,874, assigned to the assignee of
the present invention.
Although this incinerator works well during incineration no
provision is made for removing ash left in the combustion chamber
after an incineration cycle is completed. Removal of the remaining
ash must be done manually after an incineration cycle is completed
and the incinerator has cooled sufficiently. This is an obviously
time-consuming, dirty task.
The above-mentioned problems are overcome by the present invention
and provision is made for disposing of even residual ash without
the necessity of the operator's manually removing it from the
incinerator. Accordingly, it is an object of the invention to
provide ash removal apparatus for an incinerator which removes ash
substantially automatically, so that the time and effort required
of the operator is kept to a minimum.
It is another object of the invention to provide ash removal
apparatus which removes smaller particles from flue gases during
incineration and which removes both smaller and larger particles
from the combustion chamber after an incineration cycle is
completed.
It is a further object of the invention to provide ash removal
apparatus including a protective device so that ash removal after
incineration may be accomplished only when the combustion chamber
is below a predetermined temperature in order to minimize the risk
of a fire.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In carrying out the invention, in one form thereof, an incinerator
is provided wherein particles of ash are removed from a combustion
chamber after an incineration cycle is completed. A valve and duct
means are provided to extract ash-laden air from the combustion
chamber and direct it to a first ash separator in order that larger
particles of ash may be separated from the air. The air is then
sent through fly ash separators to remove smaller particles of ash
before being returned to the combustion chamber where the returning
air stirs up any remaining particles. Baffles are provided to
selectively divert the air flow as required. Electrical circuitry
is provided so that operation of the ash removal apparatus is
substantially automatic. The danger of a fire occurring in the
separators is minimized by a protective circuit which prevents
operation of the ash removal apparatus if the temperature in the
combustion chamber is above a predetermined level.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of the ash removal apparatus
of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of electrical circuitry
according to the invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring to FIG. 1, there is shown a combustion chamber 12 of an
incinerator. An agitator 14 is provided to stir the combustible
material and to break up any carbonized residue which may form in
the lower portion of the combustion chamber. Agitator 14 is driven
by shaft 15 of a motor 147 (shown schematically in FIG. 2).
Combustion chamber 12 and agitator 14 operate in the manner
described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,742,874.
During an incineration cycle, gases containing smoke and ash
particles are generated. These gases exit combustion chamber 12
through opening 16 and are carried away as flue gases by duct 18,
which duct is comprised of sections 18a and 18b.
A diverting means in the form of movable baffle 20 is disposed
within duct 18. Baffle 20 may occupy a first position, as shown by
solid lines, in which it blocks duct 18a. Baffle 20 may be rotated
to a second position, shown by dotted lines, in which duct 18 is
unobstructed. In this latter position, flue gases evolving from
combustion chamber 12 may be carried directly to fly ash separators
22.
Fly ash separators 22 comprise two cyclone separators 24 and 26 in
series and a finer filter 28 downstream of cyclone separator 26.
Portion 18b of duct 18 is connected to cyclone separator 24 for
conducting flue gases to separator 24 during incineration.
Separator 24 includes a removable container 30, such as a quart
jar, for receiving the ash separated from the flue gases by
separator 24. Duct 32 is provided to connect cyclone separator 24
to cyclone separator 26. Cyclone separator 26 acts on the flue
gases in the same manner as cyclone separator 24, and more fly ash
particles are collected in removable container 31, which container
may be identical to container 30.
Separator 26 is connected to finer filter 28 by duct 34. The
purpose of finer filter 28 is to collect whatever fly ash particles
remain after the ash-laden air has passed through cyclone
separators 24 and 26. For collecting the ash particles, filter 28
includes a filtering element 39 arranged within duct 40. Filtering
element 39 is typically a vacuum cleaner bag.
In order to cool the flue gases before they enter the filter 28, a
duct 36 is provided for admitting cooler outside air. Duct 36 is
connected to an intermediate portion of duct 34. A movable baffle
38 is provided at the end of the duct 36. Baffle 38 is movable from
the position shown in FIG. 1 to an open position in which cooling
air is admitted through duct 36 during incineration.
In order to draw air through the separators, an exhaust blower or
fan 42 is connected to duct 40. The blower may be of any
conventional type and may be driven by any suitable driving means,
such as a motor indicated at 80 in FIG. 2. A duct 44 is connected
to the exhaust side of blower 42 for conducting gases to the
atmosphere during incineration. Duct 44 is arranged for
communication with a duct 48. Duct 48 is connected to the lower
portion of combustion chamber 12 so that air passing therethrough
stirs any ash remaining in the combustion chamber.
A movable baffle 46 is placed at the junction of duct 44 and 48.
Baffle 46 may be placed selectively in a horizontal position, as
shown by dotted lines, where it blocks communication with duct 48
during incineration and causes exhaust gases from duct 44 to pass
to atmosphere or in a vertical or intermediate position,
represented by solid lines, whereby all or a portion of the gases
are directed from duct 44 through duct 48 to the combustion chamber
12 during ash removal.
Baffles 20, 38 and 46 may be actuated either by a mechanical
linkage operating from ash valve 51 or by interconnected electrical
components such as solenoids. Since any suitable mechanical or
electrical interconnections may be employed, the interconnector is
illustrated only by dotted lines in FIG. 1.
To effect removal of remaining ash from combustion chamber 12, an
alternate path is provided to the separators. This path includes a
duct 50 connecting combustion chamber 12 to a cyclone separator 52
which is of a type suitable for handling larger ash particles as
opposed to fly ash. Separator 52 includes a large disposable paper
bag 53 secured by a clamp 54 mounted on frame 55. Virtually all of
the larger ash particles amounting to about 95 percent of the total
ash are removed by cyclone separator 52. A separator throat 56,
which is an integral part of separator 52, connects separator 52 to
portion 18b of duct 18 for discharging gases from separator 52 to
separator 24. When this alternate path is employed, baffle 20 is in
the solid line position shown in FIG. 1.
In order to permit the path through duct 50 to be selectively
opened or closed, the valve 51 is provided. In the solid line
portion shown in FIG. 1, valve 51 opens duct 50 providing
communication between duct portion 50a and duct portion 50b. When
valve 51 is in the dotted line position, duct 50 is blocked. Valve
51 is connected by suitable linkages (shown as dotted lines) with
baffles 20, 38 and 46 so that the baffles 20, 38 and 46 occupy
their solid line positions when valve 51 is in its solid line
position and occupy their dotted line positions when valve 51 is in
its dotted line position.
A circuit diagram according to the invention is shown in FIG. 2.
Many parts of this circuit are not part of the present invention
but are described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,742,874. Therefore, the
description of the circuit diagram shown in FIG. 2 will be limited
primarily to those parts which are pertinent to controlling the ash
removal apparatus of the present invention. It should be understood
that applicant has modified and improved the electrical system of
the referenced patent in order to automatically and safely operate
his ash removal apparatus.
Since container 53 is typically a paper bag, ash particles
deposited therein conceivably could cause a fire if the ash
particles were hot enough. It is important, therefore, that the
separator 52 be bypassed by air flowing from the combustion chamber
12, not only during the incineration cycle but also at any time the
temperature in the combustion chamber exceeds a predetermined
level. It has been determined that this level should be no higher
than about 140.degree.F to insure that the ash particles cannot
cause a fire in the separator 52. This control of airflow including
the control of other components, such as agitator 14 and blower 42,
is accomplished by the interrelationship of elements and the
circuitry shown in FIG. 2.
Electrical power is provided by a voltage source comprising a pair
of line wires L1 and L2 having a grounded neutral connector N
therebetween. Valve 51 (see FIG. 1) is arranged to engage a switch
60 when the valve is in the solid line position shown in FIG. 1.
Referring now to FIG. 2, switch 60 includes switch elements 62, 63
and 64, the first switch element being biased to a normally open
position and the latter two switch elements being biased to a
normally closed position.
The circuit further comprises an interlock thermostat 125 which
includes normally closed contacts 131 and normally open contacts
141. When the temperature in the combustion chamber is below
140.degree.F, the contacts 131 and 141 occupy the normal position
shown in FIG. 2. During the ash removal operation, a circuit is
provided for the motors 80 and 147 of the blower and agitator,
respectively, through the switch element 62 and the contacts 131.
The interlock thermostat 125, by effecting opening of the contacts
131 if the temperature goes above the predetermined maximum level
of about 140.degree.F, precludes operation of the blower and
agitator and the passage of ash into the bag 53 of the separator 52
under such conditions.
During the incinerating operation, the valve 51 is in the dotted
line position shown in FIG. 1. Baffles 20, 38 and 46 also occupy
the dotted line positions shown in FIG. 1. Under these
circumstances heating elements 44 and 97 in the incinerator are
energized and, when the incinerator reaches a temperature above
140.degree.F, interlock thermostat 125 shifts the contacts 131 and
141 to their open and closed positions, respectively. This
completes a circuit for the blower motor 80 and agitator motor 147
through closed contacts 141 and switch element 63 from line L1 to
neutral line N.
With the blower motor in operation, air is drawn from the
combustion chamber through duct 18 past the baffle 20 in its dotted
line position into separator 24, bypassing separator 52. The air
then flows through separators 24 and 26 where fly ash is removed
and then through duct 34 into finer filter 28. Ash removed in
separators 24 and 26 is deposited in containers 30 and 31. Still
finer particles removed in separator 28 are deposited in bag
39.
After leaving the separator 28, the air passes through duct 40 to
the blower 42. Air discharged from the blower passes through duct
44 past the baffle 46 in its dotted line position to
atmosphere.
A door interlock is provided during incineration. An access door
(not shown) provides access to the combustion chamber for the
deposition of waste material. In order to prevent opening of the
access door during incineration, an interlock circuit including
locking bolt 164, solenoid 129, and contact switch 130 serves to
lock the access door when the temperature in the combustion chamber
is greater than about 140.degree.F. When the door is closed,
interlock switches 132 and 133 are closed. It is seen that this
permits energization of the rest of the circuitry. Additionally,
the door interlock circuit is connected through interlock
thermostat 125. Since incineration, not ash removal, is desired,
switch elements 62, 63 and 64 are in that position shown in FIG. 2.
Therefore, a circuit including indicator light 136 is completed
when normally closed contacts 131 are closed, that is, at a
temperature below 140.degree.F. Similarly, a circuit including
indicator light 137 is completed when normally open contacts 141
are closed, that is, at a temperature above 140.degree.F.
Solenoid 129 engages locking bolt 164 when solenoid 129 is
de-energized. After an incineration cycle is complete and the
incinerator has cooled below 140.degree.F, the access door may be
opened by momentarily pushing normally open contact switch 130 and
thus energizing solenoid 129 to release locking bolt 164 since a
circuit to ground is completed through normally closed contacts
131. When another incineration cycle is started, normally closed
contacts 131 open after reaching 140.degree.F, the circuit
containing solenoid 129 is opened, and solenoid 129 cannot be
energized to open locking bolt 164.
A similar procedure occurs during ash removal. However, since the
door remains locked even after the incinerator cools, and since
there is no need to open the door to effect ash removal, it is
likely that contact switch 130 will not be pushed to open the
door.
Operation
To start the ash removal cycle, valve 51 is opened, that is, moved
to the solid line position shown in FIG. 1, so that the duct 50b is
open to the passage of ash-laden air from the combustion chamber.
Simultaneously, baffles 20, 38 and 46 are moved to the solid line
positions shown in FIG. 1.
With the valve 51 in its open position, it engages switch 60. As
shown in FIG. 2, when the switch 60 is engaged by the valve 51, the
switch is moved downwardly to close switch element 62 and
simultaneously open switch elements 63 and 64. Under these
circumstances, and assuming that the temperature in the combustion
chamber is below 140.degree.F, a circuit for the blower motor 80
and agitator motor 147 is completed from the line L1 through switch
element 62 and normally closed contacts 131 to neutral line N.
Ash-laden air is then drawn from the combustion chamber 12 through
duct 50 to separator 52 and subsequently through fly ash separators
24 and 26 and finer filter 28.
Since the baffle 46 is in the open or solid line shown in FIG. 1,
air discharged from the blower 42 is directed through duct 44 and
duct 48 to the bottom of the combustion chamber 12 where it assists
in stirring the ash to facilitate removal thereof. Larger ash
particles are deposited in the bag 53 of the separator 52 and the
smaller particles, or fly ash, are deposited in the containers 30
and 31 of the separators 24 and 26, respectively. The finer filter
28 effects removal of any remaining finer particles, which are
collected in the bag 39.
Should the temperature in the combustion chamber rise above
140.degree.F at any time during the ash removal operation,
interlock thermostat 125 effects opening of contacts 131,
interrupting the circuit to the motors 80 and 147, locking the
access door in a closed position, and discontinuing the ash removal
operation until such time as the temperature again drops below
140.degree.F, at which time contacts 131 again return to their
normally closed position.
While a specific embodiment of the invention has been described, it
will be obvious to those skilled in the art that changes and
modifications may be made without departing from the invention. It
is therefore intended in the appended claims to cover all such
changes and modifications that fall within the true spirit and
scope of the invention.
* * * * *