U.S. patent number 3,859,949 [Application Number 05/292,917] was granted by the patent office on 1975-01-14 for envelope for underwater cable, drag ropes or the like.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Vereinigte Flugtechnische Werke-Fokker Gesellschaft mit beschrankter. Invention is credited to Frank Meyer, Dietrich Toussaint.
United States Patent |
3,859,949 |
Toussaint , et al. |
January 14, 1975 |
ENVELOPE FOR UNDERWATER CABLE, DRAG ROPES OR THE LIKE
Abstract
Cable and drag rope jackets are constructed from snapped
together strips having streamline profile, and joints only at the
leading and trailing edges of the profile. Each strip has recesses
which mutually cover each other upon assembly to receive one or
more cables or a rope.
Inventors: |
Toussaint; Dietrich (Bremen,
DT), Meyer; Frank (Bremen, DT) |
Assignee: |
Vereinigte Flugtechnische
Werke-Fokker Gesellschaft mit beschrankter (Bremen,
DT)
|
Family
ID: |
5821490 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/292,917 |
Filed: |
September 28, 1972 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
Current U.S.
Class: |
114/243 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B63B
21/663 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B63B
21/66 (20060101); B63B 21/56 (20060101); B63b
021/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;114/235R,235F,66.5F,90,235B ;174/101.5 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: King; Lloyd L.
Assistant Examiner: Reese; Randolph A.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Siegemund; Ralf H.
Claims
We claim:
1. Jacketing for underwater cables, ropes, drag ropes, etc., with
streamline profile comprised of two completely separable profiled
strips for individual reeling, each having a first surface to be
placed into abutment with the first surface of the respective other
first strip and each strip having a second surface disposed
symmetrical to a plane defined by the first surfaces when placed in
abutment to each other, to establish a streamline profile,
resulting joints between the strips as exposed extending along
leading and trailing edges of the streamline profile;
the strips each having at least one recess open to the first
surface, the recesses having location and contour complementary to
each other to define an elongated cavity for loosely receiving the
rope or cable when the first surfaces are in mutual abutment;
first fastening means on the strips in the first surfaces thereof
for releasably interconnecting the two strips between the cavity
and the leading edge of the profile; and
second fastening means on the strips in the first surfaces thereof
for releasably interconnecting the two strips between the cavity
and the trailing edge of the profile.
2. Jacketing as in claim 1, the fastening means each including
overhung ridges and mating overhung grooves in and of the first
surfaces and in complementary configuration to each other.
3. Jacketing as in claim 2, the first fastening means including an
overhung groove in a first one of the two strips and a mating
overhung ridge on the other one of the two strips, the second
fastening means including an overhung groove in the other strip and
a mating overhung ridge on the first strip.
4. Jacketing as in claim 1, the strips having plural recesses each
in the first surfaces thereof to provide plural elongated cavities
upon interconnecting the strips to each other, the recesses and
resultant cavities extending over the entire length of the strips
for receiving plural ropes and/or cables.
5. Jacketing as in claim 4, the recesses defining cavities of
different diameters.
6. Jacketing as in claim 1, there being additional complementary
recesses in the first surfaces of the strip to define limited space
cavities for receiving pieces of equipment.
7. Jacketing as in claim 1, the strips having skeleton construction
with closed cavities not open to the first and second surfaces, and
providing buoyancy.
8. Jacketing as in claim 7, the closed cavities being filled with a
foam.
9. Jacketing as in claim 1, the recesses located so that the center
of gravity of the assembled jacket is about the same with or
without load bearing cable or rope in the cavity.
10. Jacketing as in claim 1, the strips made of plastic.
11. Jacketing as in claim 10, the strips made of fiber reinforced
plastic.
12. Jacketing as in claim 1, the jacket reducing in cross-section
throughout its length.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to improvements for underwater cable,
drag ropes, anchor ropes and the like.
It is known presently that an elongated element with circular
cross-section offers resistance to fluid flow (transverse to its
extension) which depends primarily on the diameter of the element,
the square of the fluid velocity, and a coefficient of resistance
which depends on the contour of the cross-section of the element.
The diameter of, for example, a drag rope is chosen primarily on
basis of the load the rope has to take up and pull. Thus, the
diameter is not available as parameter for selecting or modifying
the flow resistance of the rope. Fluid flow velocity is, of
courses, an external condition to be met and not a selectible
parameter. The only parameter left for control is the coefficient
of resistance.
Different kinds of cable jackets have been suggested for reducing
the said coefficient, at least theoretically down to 1/15 of the
coefficient value for unjacketed cable. Further reduction in the
resistance results automatically from the fact that a smaller
resistance means smaller load, so that the load bearing
characteristics (namely the cross-section) can be reduced
further.
These mutually beneficial conditions, however, are offset by the
fact that the cable jacket is normally made part of the cable
itself and becomes an integral component thereof. Thus, the contour
of the cable presents a storage problem when reeled in. Moreover,
when parts of the cable become defective, the entire cable has to
be replaced, or at least a section thereof requiring cumbersome
cable splicing techniques.
Some cable jackets are known which are constructed in
(longitudinal) sections, and the sections are interconnected
through appropriate fittings. However, the joints of the sections
are invariably regions of increased flow resistance. Such increase
becomes noticeable for long ropes or cables. Also, objects may
lodge in the joints, increasing the flow resistance further and
adding to the load. The problem is compounded by the fact that the
known constructions for sectioning cables provide joints at
hydrodynamically unfavorable locations.
The sectionalized jacketing does not eliminate the storage problem
entirely, as the jacket sections have to be stored too. Also, the
rather loose connections between sections sets up the tendency for
fluttering which, of course, adds significantly to the effective
flow resistance.
It can thus be seen that the various known cables offer larger
resistance to fluid flow than the theoretical resistance value, as
the geometrical configurations underlying the theoretical
calculations are disturbed and distorted locally to a significant
extent.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
it is an object of the present invention to provide a cable or rope
jacket so that theoretically possible, low resistance value can
actually be achieved. Also, simple reeling drums for both jacket
and cable or rope are to be used.
In accordance with the preferred embodiment of the invention, it is
suggested to use two strip-like parts of complementary
configuration, each having first flat surface and plane to be
placed in abutment with the first flat surface of the respective
other strip, and when so placed the now common surface planes
define a plane of symmetry. Each part has a second surface, and the
second surfaces together define a streamline profile with
stagnation points for the flow at exposed lines of jointure of the
two strips.
The first surfaces may actually be developed in isolated areas
only, as the surface contour is interrupted and provided with
recesses, open to the respective first surface, to receive the
rope, cable or several thereof such as a rope, a power supply cable
and/or signal transmission cable or cables. Together, the mutually
facing recesses define an elongated cavity or cavities that extend
over the entire length of the assembled jacket.
The first surfaces are additionally provided with fastening means
for releasably securing the strips to each other. The fastening
means may have construction of plastic zippers established by
snap-action grooves and mating ridges for coaction with the ridges
and grooves in the respective other strip part. The snap action is
to provide some pressure for forcing the parts against each
other.
The strip parts may define additional internal cavities for
receiving equipment. The parts themselves may be compartmentized to
define hollow but closed cavities for obtaining some buoyancy. The
semi-fluid-dynamic strip parts are preferably made of an elastic
material, preferably plastic. In the case of a skeleton structure
for the strips with buoyancy defining cavities, one will preferably
use fiber reinforced plastic. In the case of a fiber reinforced
plastic, the jacket may have also the function of the load bearing
part of an electrical cable.
The recesses for the rope or for the main rope or cable should be
provided in the forward portion of the strips (forward in terms of
expected position to oncoming flow when assembled and submerged).
For example, the principal "load" in the jacket should be in the
forwardmost quarter portion thereof. Using one or several cables
together with a separate rope in a simple two-part jacket permits
rather accurate balancing of the structure. The various ropes and
cables can be distributed in the jacket by providing the receiving
recesses in the first surfaces, so that the jacketed cable will
readily balance in oncoming external flow.
It is pointed out that previously such jacketed cables were
invariably of a uniform construction as far as, for example drag
rope with power cable is concerned; the cable formed the core for
the drag rope. Of course, this configuration can still be used, but
the new jacket permits ready adaptation to individual and separate
cables. This is particularly advantageous as the several cables,
etc., can be arranged along the profile's center line (in
cross-section) so that the individual cable and rope elements can
be smaller in diameter than is necessary in case of a unitary
concentric configuration. That in turn permits the overall
construction to be flatter.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
While the specification concludes with claims particularly pointing
out and distinctly claiming the subject matter which is regarded as
the invention, it is believed that the invention, the objects and
features of the invention and further objects, features and
advantages thereof will be better understood from the following
description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings in
which:
FIG. 1 is a cross-section through a jacket for a drag rope with a
cable core in accordance with a first example for practicing the
preferred embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2a is an elevation of the surface of one strip element to be
used with another as jacket for a rope and for a separate cable in
accordance with a second example;
FIG. 2b is a section view along lines II--II in FIG. 2a;
FIGS. 3a and 3b are cross-sections of jackets with internal
provisions for different cables, ropes, etc.;
FIG. 4 is a cross-section through a jacketed drag rope with
skeleton and compartmentized structure for the two profile parts as
joined; and
FIG. 5 is a cross-section through a jacketed cable, wherein the
jacket has also the function of a load bearing element.
Proceeding now to the detailed description of the drawings, FIG. 1
illustrates cable and rope jacket parts having configuration of
strips 1 and 2 with complementary profile. Each strip has a flat
surface 11 and 12, respectively, and the flat surfaces of the two
sections abut in the completed jacket. Each strip has a smoothly
curved, second surface, 13 and 14, respectively. In the assembled
position, the outer surface of the jacket as a whole has
streamlined configuration and is symmetrical to the plane of the
abutting surfaces 11 and 12 which lie in a common plane. The
streamlined configuration is chosen to ensure laminar flow along
the outer contour, without separation under the expected flow
conditions. The assembled jacket structure offers two joints to
external flow. The joints 15 and 16 are disposed in the common
plane of symmetry and, thus, they appear in stagnation points of
any flow into whose direction the jacket will orient itself when
submerged.
The flat surface 11 of strip 1 is provided with two longitudinally
extending snap ridges 3 and 5 as well as with a groove in
complementary fashion for engagement with a ridge 4 which extends
from strip 2. Complementary snap-action (overhung) grooves are
provided in part 2 for receiving the bead-like overhung ridges 3
and 5 of part 1.
A semicircular groove is provided in each strip near the respective
front of its flat surface and respectively denoted 1a and 2a for
the strips 1 and 2. Together, i.e., in the assembled configuration
of the jacket, grooves 1a and 2a establish a circular-tubular space
which extends along the entire interior of the strips and jacket. A
long rope 6 is loosely received in the cavity 1a-2a. A power supply
cable 7 or the like is disposed in the interior of rope 6 and
constitutes a part thereof. The inner diameter of cavity 1a-2a
should be slightly larger than the outer diameter of rope 6, so
that any twist in the latter will not lead to binding, but such
twist may be eliminated.
The particular construction of FIG. 1 shows the location of the
cavities 1a and 2a, so that the center of gravity of the jacket
runs through the center line of the resulting circular cavity, so
that the center of gravity of the assembled jacket coincides with
the center of gravity of the drag rope and of the cable itself.
This way, the tendency for flutter is significantly reduced or
eliminated entirely.
The particular embodiment of FIG. 1 shows a drag rope as combined
with an electrical cable. However, sometimes drag rope and power
supply and/or signal cable or cables are furnished separately. In
the past, jacketing was quite difficult. As shown in FIGS. 2a and
2b, the invention permits ready accommodation to such plural
elements, and establishes a common jacket.
As shown in FIGS. 2a and 2b, the one strip 1' has snap-action
grooves 3a-5a and snap-action ridge 4 as before, for connection to
a complementary strip 2'. In addition, drag rope 6' and cable 7'
are provided and, therefore, positioned separately in separate,
semicircular grooves as to each jacket strip.
FIG. 3a shows another configuration as far as using available space
is concerned. A cavity such as 8 may be provided to accommodate
individual pieces of equipment, such as measuring transducers, etc.
These cavities 8 are established by individual recesses in each
strip which do not extend over the entire length of the strips and,
thus, cavities 8 define individual compartments. FIG. 3a shows also
additional snap-action ridges and grooves. Actually, the recesses
for the cable 7' are disposed in relation to two ridges and two
grooves, so that the cable cooperates in the snap action for
locking the two parts 1" and 2" to each other.
FIG. 3b shows how a number of different cables can readily be
accommodated, such as a power supply cable 7' and separate
signaling cables 10, and they are all separated from the drage rope
6'.
FIG. 4 illustrates a construction on basis of skeleton structure
for strip parts 21 and 22. Each part has extensive cavities 9 which
may be filled with light material so as to provide some buoyancy to
the cable support structure. The cavities 9 may be filled, for
example, with some foam material or the like. The strips 21 and 22
are preferably made of glass carbon or metal fiber reinforced
plastic, so that the hollow jacket has sufficient strength.
The embodiment shown in FIG. 5 may use also, for example, glass
carbon or metal fiber reinforced plastic for the envelope of the
cable. The cable jacket itself may serve here as load bearing drag
rope.
In each of these cases, it is readily possible to use cables and
ropes of reduced diameter and to reduce the profile of the jacket
in steps or gradually. It can readily be seen that in each of these
embodiments, joints are exposed to the flow only along the center
line at leading and trailing edges of the assembled jacket. Thus,
the joints (15 and 16 in FIG. 1) appear only on and along
stagnation points of flow directed towards the jacket. Therefore,
the joints cannot increase the effective resistance coefficient of
the structure as based on a smooth contour for a streamlined
cross-section.
The jackets can be sectionalized for long cables or ropes if deemed
appropriate for reasons of storage. Coupling elements may be
inserted in lateral cavities in the section end faces of the
jackets to effect a smooth joint between adjacent sections.
It can readily be seen that in each of these embodiments, strip
parts such as 1, 2, 1", 2", etc., can be stored on separate drums,
and the ropes and cables can be stored on still different drums.
Upon pay out and assembly, these drums are reeled separately. The
cable or cables and/or rope are run into the respective recesses in
what will become the inner interface of the two strip parts. By
means of rollers, the ridges such as 3, 4, 5, etc., are forced into
the respective mating grooves to obtain the complete jacket. Such a
jacket cable may at times be disassembled; for this, the jacket
strips are wedged apart, and strips and rope and/or cables as now
released are reeled on separate drums.
The invention is not limited to the embodiments described above but
all changes and modifications thereof not constituting departures
from the spirit and scope of the invention are intended to be
included.
* * * * *