U.S. patent number 3,859,797 [Application Number 05/292,388] was granted by the patent office on 1975-01-14 for oil boom.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Shell Oil Company. Invention is credited to Ray R. Ayers.
United States Patent |
3,859,797 |
Ayers |
January 14, 1975 |
OIL BOOM
Abstract
Apparatus and method for controlling the spill of a polluting
liquid on a water surface, the apparatus being composed of a
vertical skirt of corrugated material supported at intervals along
the length of the skirt by outriggers which function to support the
skirt by floats held spaced from the skirt; the method involving
uncoiling a skirt of corrugated material, attaching outrigger
connected floats at intervals along the length of the skirt, and
deploying the skirt, outriggers and floats into the water around
the pollutant spill.
Inventors: |
Ayers; Ray R. (Houston,
TX) |
Assignee: |
Shell Oil Company (Houston,
TX)
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Family
ID: |
26790444 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/292,388 |
Filed: |
September 26, 1972 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
|
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95649 |
Dec 7, 1970 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
405/72;
405/67 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E02B
15/08 (20130101); E02B 15/0814 (20130101); E02B
15/0885 (20130101); Y02A 20/204 (20180101) |
Current International
Class: |
E02B
15/04 (20060101); E02b 015/04 () |
Field of
Search: |
;61/1F,5
;210/242,DIG.21 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Other References
Ocean Industry, Feb. 1970, p. 81..
|
Primary Examiner: Caun; Peter M.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Marlowe; Fredrik
Parent Case Text
This is a continuation, of application Ser. No. 95,649, filed Dec.
7, 1970 now abandoned.
Claims
I claim as my invention:
1. A boom for deployment on a water surface comprising:
an upright skirt corrugated with the axes of corrugations running
from top to bottom of the skirt;
support means for the skirt comprising at least one pair of
V-shaped outriggers having floats attached to its extremities and
inverted over the upper edge of the skirt and attached thereto;
tandem cables for carrying boom tension attached near the water
line on opposite sides of the skirt; and
baffles spaced in front of the skirt.
2. The boom of claim 1 wherein the baffles are attached to the
extremities of the support means.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Over most of the navigable waters of the world during recent years
oil spills have become problems of great seriousness. Oil tankers
wrecked at sea have spilled large volumes of oil into the water
near beaches and harbors. In addition, leaky fittings and ruptured
hoses at shipping terminals and refineries have caused major oil
spills in various harbors. As a result, many governing agencies
around the world have adopted laws requiring various means to
control oil spills. Among such means presently available are oil
booms.
Typical of oil booms utilized to contain spilled oil are the
inventions disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,146,598 and 3,499,290.
These two inventions are similar in that each involves an upright
skirt supported at its upper edge by an integral float. Booms such
as these of the prior art have been found to be seriously
inadequate in at least two aspects. Thus, when floatation members
are constructed integrally with the skirt, waves tend to roll over
the floatation member and then splash over or spill over the skirt
as well, wven though the skirt may extend somewhat above the
floatation member. Also, such booms tend to lean with the force of
current, thereby permitting oil to pass under the skirt. The
present invention provides a successful solution to these problems,
as will be apparent from the following description thereof.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The primary purpose of this invention resides in providing a boom
which is highly resistant to either splashover or underflow of
floating pollutant.
The above purpose has been achieved through provision of a boom
composed of an upright corrugated skirt supported in the water by
floats attached to outriggers which separate the floats from the
skirt.
The apparatus of this invention broadly extends to a boom for
deployment on a water surface which includes an upright skirt,
support means for the skirt which are spaced from the skirt, and
means connecting the support means to the skirt.
The method of this invention broadly extends to deploying a boom on
a water surface which includes the steps of uncoiling a skirt,
attaching outriggers at intervals along the length of the skirt
which function to support the skirt by floats held spaced from the
skirt, and deploying the skirt and outrigger connected floats into
the water.
Within the framework of the above described apparatus and method,
the present invention not only solves the above mentioned problems
of the prior art, but also achieves further significant advantages
as will be apparent from the description of preferred embodiments
following.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
The drawing provides an isometric view of a preferred apparatus of
this invention and illustrates the position which this apparatus
assumes while floating in the water.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
While the present invention is primarily useful as a portable,
flexible, floating boom for confining oil or other floating
pollutants whether in free form or contained in a floating sorbent,
it is also useful as a wave controlling or inhibiting breakwater,
jetty, or the like.
The major components of the boom of this invention include a
flexible corrugated skirt 1 which is in a substantially upright
position, preferably vertical; outriggers 2, which are attached to
and support skirt 1; floats 3, which are attached to the outriggers
and spaced from the skirt; and cables 4, which provide
reinforcement for the skirt.
Skirt 1 is preferably made of corrugated material with the axes of
the corrugations running vertically (Z direction). Such
construction makes the skirt particularly adaptable to use in
moderate waves and currents. Thus, the corrugations give the skirt
a vertical rigidity (rigidity in the Y Z plane) which resists
deformation and consequent underflow caused by currents which would
bend skirts not having such rigidity. On the other hand, the
corrugations give the skirt longitudinal flexibility both in a
direction normal to the plane of the skirt (flexible in the X Y
plane), which helps to dissipate the effects of wave forces and
prevent splashover, and in a direction within the plane of the
skirt (flexible in the X direction), which enables the skirt to
conform to the surface of the water to resist submerging and
consequent splashover. The skirt may be made of steel, aluminum,
fiberglass or reinforced fabric, or whatever material is most
suitable for either inshore or offshore service.
Outriggers 2 may take any of numerous suitable shapes provided the
outriggers function to maintain the floats rigidly or somewhat
flexibly connected to and substantially separated from the skirt.
This construction is very important inasmuch as it makes the boom
very stable and highly resistant to being overturned or tilted to
any substantial degree by the action of wind, waves and currents
without the use of weights. Most prior art booms utilize weights at
the bottom of the skirt to overcome tendencies toward tilting and
overturning. However, such weighting requirements are substantial,
which makes the boom both cumbersome and expensive. Also, when
floatation members are constructed integrally with the skirt as in
conventional booms, waves tend to roll over the floatation element
and then splash over the skirt. In the present invention with the
floatation element removed from the skirt area by outriggers, the
waves meet a sheer vertical wall so that the wave action is
reflected without appreciable splashover.
Preferred outriggers form a broad V which is inverted over the top
edge of the skirt. The outrigger may be secured to the skirt by any
suitable means, such as a bolt (not shown) which extends both
through the outrigger and the skirt. At the extremity of either leg
of the V there is secured a float. The float may be secured to the
leg of the outrigger by any suitable means, either by temporary or
permanent connection. While the form of outrigger shown is
preferred, other forms of outriggers are suitable for use with the
invention. For example, the broad V may be attached to the bottom
edge of the skirt; instead of a V shape, the outrigger may have a
semi-circular shape; the outrigger may be a simple rod or bar which
attaches to the face of the skirt and has a float at one end or
which pierces the skirt and has floats at either end; or, the
outrigger may extend from only one side of the skirt at a given
location and extend from the other side at another location.
Manifestly, many outrigger designs are suitable so long as the
outrigger performs the above stated functions.
Floats 3 may be of any buoyant material, for example, hollow
spheres, foamed or expanded rubber or polymeric material such as
foamed polyurethane, polyvinyl chloride or polyethylene and may be
in any form which is compatible with the form of the outriggers.
Such floats may be rigidly, semi-rigidly or loosely held to the
outriggers. The floats, as are the outriggers, are subject to
considerable variation without departing from the spirit and scope
of the invention.
Cables 4 function to carry boom tension. The cables are optional
and may not be needed where the boom is of substantial strength of
where only a short length of boom is being employed. Generally, it
is preferred that the cables be spaced on both sides of the skirt
at or near the water line of the skirt. However, as the situation
may be, only one cable may be necessary if forces against the boom
are substantially in only one direction.
As may be seen from the drawing, once the boom is deployed in the
water, floats 3 maintain a substantial portion of the skirt above
the water surface 5. Generally, the cables 4 are arranged so that
they are substantially at the center of forces applied to the
skirt.
The boom of this invention is easily stored and deployed. The
skirts can be coiled and outriggers stored separately. In
deployment, as the skirt is reeled out from a roll, the outriggers
are slipped on prior to the boom reaching the water surface. The
floats may be connected to the outriggers either before or after
the outriggers are attached to the skirt. In addition, the cables
may be attached to the skirt before or after the outriggers are
attached.
Various attachments may be added to the boom of this invention
which enhance its performance. For example, a baffle may be spaced
in front of the skirt to aid in the dissipation of wave forces.
Such a baffle might be in the form of floats strung between the
floats of the outriggers, or it might be a skirt, similar to skirt
1, which is attached to the extremities of the outriggers or to the
floats. Manifestly, the form of such baffle is subject to wide
variation without departing from the scope of the invention.
* * * * *