U.S. patent number 3,857,508 [Application Number 05/402,974] was granted by the patent office on 1974-12-31 for safety closure and container.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Aluminum Company of America. Invention is credited to Robert L. LaBarge, Charles J. Leftault, Jr..
United States Patent |
3,857,508 |
LaBarge , et al. |
December 31, 1974 |
SAFETY CLOSURE AND CONTAINER
Abstract
An internally threaded safety closure and a container-closure
combination are provided in which the container has screw threads
on its neck and at least one upwardly projecting tooth adjacent the
neck, and the threaded closure has an integral resiliently
deflectable ring rigidly connected to its skirt through at least
one bridge and having at least one downwardly projecting ratchet
tooth on the ring for engaging the tooth on the container to
prevent removal of the closure from the container without first
flexing the ring by squeezing it or lifting it to disengage the
teeth.
Inventors: |
LaBarge; Robert L. (Ben Avon,
PA), Leftault, Jr.; Charles J. (Richmond, IN) |
Assignee: |
Aluminum Company of America
(Pittsburgh, PA)
|
Family
ID: |
23594018 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/402,974 |
Filed: |
October 3, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
215/221 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B65D
55/022 (20130101); B65D 50/046 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B65D
50/00 (20060101); B65D 50/04 (20060101); B65D
55/02 (20060101); B65d 055/02 (); B65d 085/56 ();
A61j 001/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;215/9,217,220,221,330 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Hall; George T.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Brownlee; David W.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A molded plastic safety closure adapted to close a container
having a neck portion with an opening therein, inclined closure
retaining means on the exterior of the neck portion and detent
means adjacent the neck portion having at least one substantially
vertical surface disposed in a plane extending substantially
radially of the container neck, said closure comprising a top end
wall for closing the opening in the container neck, a depending
skirt with internal means for engaging the inclined retaining means
on the container neck to secure the closure on the container, and
an integral resiliently deflectable annular band around the bottom
of said closure and rigidly connected to said closure skirt by at
least one relatively narrow bridge, said band having at least one
downwardly projecting ratchet tooth thereon for engagement against
the vertical surface on the detent means on the container when the
closure is closed on the container whereby said engagement prevents
counter-clockwise rotation of said closure with respect to said
container unless said band is deflected upwardly to disengage said
tooth from said detent means.
2. A closure as set forth in claim 1 in which said band includes a
depending flange outwardly of said ratchet tooth to substantially
conceal said tooth from view when the closure is closed on a
container.
3. A closure as set forth in claim 1 in which said band comprises a
ring which extends completely around said closure skirt.
4. A closure as set forth in claim 3 in which said ring is
connected to said closure skirt by two bridges on opposite sides of
the closure and has ratchet teeth on the ring at opposite locations
substantially equal distance between such connections.
5. A closure as set forth in claim 1 which includes a series of at
least three ratchet teeth on said band.
6. A closure as set forth in claim 1 in which the inside diameter
of said band is equal to or greater than the maximum outside
diameter of said closure skirt.
7. A closure as set forth in claim 1 in which the closure skirt has
an annular upwardly outwardly facing surface near the bottom of its
skirt and said ring has an annular downwardly inwardly facing
surface adjacent said upwardly outwardly facing surface for
engagement therwith to cam the ring upwardly when it is
squeezed.
8. A safety container-closure combination which resists opening by
a child, including a container having a neck portion with an
opening therein, inclined closure retaining means on the exterior
of the neck portion and detent means adjacent said neck portion
having at least one substantially vertical surface disposed in a
plane extending substantially radially of the container neck, and
further including a molded plastic closure having a top end wall
for closing the opening in said neck, a depending skirt with
internal means therein engaging said inclined closure retaining
means on the container neck and thereby securing the closure on the
container, and an integral resiliently deflectable annular band
around the bottom of the closure and rigidly connected to said
skirt by at least one relatively narrow bridge, said band having at
least one downwardly projecting ratchet tooth thereon engaged
against said vertical face on said detent means to prevent
counter-clockwise rotation of said closure with respect to said
container without first deflecting said resilient band upwardly to
disengage said tooth from said detent means.
9. A combination as set forth in claim 8 in which said band is a
ring which is connected to said closure at two substantially
diametrically opposed locations.
10. A combination as set forth in claim 8 in which an outwardly
facing inwardly-upwardly inclined surface is provided on the
container inwardly of and adjacent to said detent means on the
container whereby inward force applied against said band will cam
the band upwardly to disengage the tooth or teeth on the band from
the detent means.
11. A combination as set forth in claim 8 in which said band has a
series of teeth on it.
12. A combination as set forth in claim 11 in which said detent
means on container has two substantially vertical surfaces for
engaging the teeth on said band and said surfaces are spaced apart
a distance slightly greater than the spacing between the first and
last tooth in said series so that only one tooth will be engaged
with either of said surfaces at any time.
13. A combination as set forth in claim 8 in which the inside
diameter of said band is equal to or greater than the outside
diameter of said closure skirt.
14. A closure as set forth in claim 8 in which the closure skirt
has an annular upwardly outwardly facing surface near the bottom of
its skirt and said ring has an annular downwardly inwardly facing
surface adjacent said upwardly outwardly facing surface for
engagement therewith to cam the ring upwardly when it is squeezed.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to closures and containers, and in
particular to a closure and a closed container which resists
opening by small children.
2. Description of the Prior Art
There is a great public concern over the many young children who
are accidentally poisoned each year through the ingestion of
substances such as household cleanser, insecticide furniture polish
and the like which are found in most homes. Many containers of such
substances are closed with closures that can be opened by small
children and the contents of the containers accidentally ingested
by the children. Accordingly, there is a need for closures for
containers which resist opening by small children. Some such
closures are presently available, but many of them are
unsatisfactory for reasons such as high cost, lack of reliability,
poor sealing capabilities, and undue difficulty of opening by
adults. For liquid substances, childproof closures should be
hermetically sealable and are preferably made in one piece in order
to minimize costs. The patent art discloses a number of one piece,
hermetically sealable closures in which teeth on a closure engage
teeth on a container to lock the closure on the container until
either the container or closure is flexed in some way to disengage
the teeth and permit unscrewing the closure from the container.
Closures of this type are disclosed in the following U.S. Pat Nos.
Martin 2,752,060 and 2,827,193, Whiteman, Jr. 3,101,856, Polzin
3,182,480, Sharp 3,185,333, Jessop 3,233,769, Schaefer 3,360,147,
Steiner 3,399,796, Quackenbush 3,422,978, Cilluffo 3,445,022,
Miller 3,698,584 and Bagguley 3,700,133 among others.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This invention provides an internnally threaded plastic safety
closure and a safety container-closure combination in which the
container has detent means thereon adjacent its neck and the
closure has a resiliently deflectable annular band on it extending
around at least a portion of the closure and rigidly connected to
the closure skirt by at least one bridge, and with at least one
downwardly projecting ratchet tooth on the band for engaging the
detent means on the container to prevent removal of the closure
without first flexing band to disengage the tooth or teeth from the
detent means.
Accordingly, an object of this invention is to provide a one piece
hermetically sealable safety closure for a container.
Another object of this invention is to provide a safety
container-closure assembly in which the closure has an integral
resiliently deflectable band thereon which is rigidly connected to
the closure skirt and at least one downwardly projecting ratchet
tooth on the band for engaging a detent means on a container to
prevent removal of the closure from a container by a small
child.
A further object of the invention is to provide a molded plastic
safety closure with a resiliently deflectable locking means thereon
which must be lifted or squeezed to disengage it from a detent
means on a container on which the closure is sealed.
The above and other objects and advantages of this invention will
be more fully understood and appreciated with reference to the
following description and the drawings attached hereto.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a closure of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a partial perspective view of a container adapted to have
the closure of FIG. 1 sealed thereon.
FIG. 3 is a cross section through a container-closure assembly of
the invention.
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of an alternate container adapted to
have a closure of the invention sealed thereon.
FIG. 5 is a side view of another alternative container which may be
closed in accordance with this invention.
FIG. 6 is a cross sectional view of the container of FIG. 5 with an
alternative embodiment of a closure of the invention secured
thereon.
FIG. 7 is a partial elevation of the teeth in the closure
illustrated in FIG. 6 as viewed from within the closure.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring to FIG. 1, a safety closure of the invention is
illustrated as comprising an internally threaded screw cap 10
molded from plastic material and having an integral resiliently
deflectable ring 12 rigidly secured to the closure skirt 14 by
means of integral bridges 16. Screw cap 10 has a top end wall 18
for closing an opening in a container neck and preferably has a
liner or sealing gasket (FIG. 3) against the undersurface of such
top end wall for forming a seal between the closure and container
finish. Screw cap 10 may further have vertical corrugations 20 in
the exterior surface of skirt 14 to facilitate gripping the closure
to turn it when either applying it to or removing it from a
container.
Ring 12 has at least one, and preferably a series, of downwardly
projecting ratchet teeth 22 on it for engagement with detent means
or teeth on a container. Each tooth 22 has an inclined surface 21
for facilitating screwing of cap 10 on a container, and a
substantially vertical surface 23 for locking the cap on the
container as will be described later. A second series of teeth, not
shown, is preferably provided on ring 12 substantially
diametrically opposed to the series of teeth shown in FIG. 1.
Bridges 16 which connect ring 12 to closure skirt 14 are preferably
on opposite sides of the closure and are located approximately
equidistance between the two opposed series of teeth 22 so that the
resiliently deflectable ring is not unduly restrained by such
bridges. Ring 12 may have vertical corrugations 24 in its outer
surface to facilitate gripping the ring during removal of closure
10 from a container. To facilitate molding of cap 10, the innermost
surface of ring 12 is preferably disposed either line-or-line with,
or outwardly of, the outermost surface of skirt 14 on the cap.
FIG. 2 illustrates the top portion of a container 26 which is
adapted to have screw cap 10 secured thereon in accordance with
this invention. Container 26 may be made of glass, plastic or other
material and has a cylindrical neck 28 with an opening 30 therein
and vertically inclined thread means 32 on the exterior of the neck
for engagement with internal threads in cap 10. Container 26
further has at least one, and preferably two, diametrically opposed
upwardly projecting detent means or teeth 34 adjacent neck 28 for
engagement with teeth 22 on ring 12 of screw cap 10. Each tooth 34
preferably has an inclined surface 36 for permitting teeth 22 on
screw cap 10 to slide over and move past the tooth, and preferably
has a substantially vertical surface 38 for engaging the vertical
surfaces on teeth 22 to prevent the closure from being rotated in a
counter-clockwise direction with respect to the container. Surfaces
36 and 38 on teeth 22 are disposed in planes which extend
substantially radially of the container neck. Surface 38 on each
container tooth 34, or surface 23 on each closure tooth 23, or both
such surfaces may be angled slightly with respect to vertical and
toward the mating surface on the other member to provide more
positive locking engagement between the teeth. Container 25 may
also have an outwardly facing, upwardly-inwardly inclined surface
40 therearound adjacent teeth 34 to engage teeth 22 on ring 12 and
cam the ring upwardly to disengage teeth 22 from teeth 34 when the
ring is squeezed as will be explained.
FIG. 3 illustrates an assembly of cap 10 sealed on container 26.
The right hand side of FIG. 3 illustrates teeth 22 on ring 12 of
cap 10 engaged with teeth 34 on container 26, and the left hand
side of the FIG. illustrates ring 12 deflected inwardly with
respect to the vertical axis of the closure and container so that
inclined surface 40 of the container has cammed or forced the
resiliently deflectable ring upward to disengage teeth 22 from
teeth 34. When the teeth 22 and 34 are engaged as illustrated on
the right hand side of FIG. 3, closure 10 cannot be turned
counter-clockwise to remove the cap from the container. Conversely,
when ring 12 is deflected inwardly and upwardly to disengage teeth
22 from teeth 34, cap 10 can be unscrewed to remove it from
container 26.
Cap 10 can be sealed on container 26 by simply positioning the cap
on the container mouth and turning or screwing the cap clockwise
with respect to the container. Vertically inclined surfaces 21 and
36 on teeth 22 and 34 slide against one another and deflect the
resilient ring 12 upwardly during such clockwise rotation of the
closure, and thereby permit securing of the cap on the container.
The mating threads on the cap 10 and container 26 draw the cap
downward on the container to compress liner 42 between top end wall
18 of the cap and the top sealing surface of the container. When
cap 10 is sealed on container 26, surfaces 23 and 38 on the teeth
on the cap 10 and container 26 are in opposed facing relation, and
the cap cannot be removed from the container without either lifting
or sqeezing ring 12 to raise teeth 22 above teeth 34 while
simultaneously turning the cap counter-clockwise with respect to
the container.
When ring 12 is pressed inwardly at approximately the location of
teeth 22, the teeth engage inclined surface 36 on container 26
which cams the ring upwardly to disengage teeth 22 from teeth 34 to
permit cap 10 to be unscrewed from the container. Ring 12 can also
be raised or lifted directly upward to disengage the teeth and
thereby permit unscrewing of the cap. An outwardly projecting
flange or flanges not shown may be provided on ring 12 adjacent
teeth 22 to facilitate lifting of the ring. Preferably, resilient
ring 12 can be released from its inwardly flexed or lifted position
after cap 10 has been unscrewed approximately one-half turn or
revolution, and teeth 22 and 34 will not again engage or lock
against one another when the ring returns to its normal position
with respect to the closure skirt. If the ring is released to
return to its normal position before cap 10 has been unscrewed
approximately one-half turn or 180.degree., teeth 22 and 34 will
again engage and prevent further unscrewing of the cap. Since small
children usually cannot effect two simultaneous dissimilar motions
as is required for removing cap 10 from container 26, the closed
container-closure combination of this invention is substantially
childproof. However, the closed container can be opened by an adult
without undue difficulty.
The top portion, including the neck and finish, of an alternative
embodiment of a container 66 on which cap 10 may be applied is
illustrated in FIG. 4. Container 66 has a cylindrical mouth portion
68 with an opening 70 therethrough, inclined thread means 72 on the
exterior surface of the neck for securement of a cap thereon, and
at least two spaced upwardly projecting teeth 74 adjacent the neck
for engagement with downwardly projecting teeth on a resilient ring
on a cap. Each tooth 74 has an inclined surface 76 and a
substantially vertical surface 78 for engaging and locking with the
teeth on a cap. If the cap which is to be sealed on container 66
has two series of teeth on it on its resilient ring, the container
will preferably have two additional spaced teeth substantially
diametrically opposed to teeth 74 which are shown to engage with
the second series of teeth on the cap.
In accordance with this invention, teeth 74 on container 66 are
spaced apart a distance approximately equal to the spacing of the
first and last teeth in the series of teeth on the closure which is
to be sealed on the container. Such a spacing of teeth 74 in
relation to the teeth on a cap usually results in the engagement of
at least one of the teeth 74 at any one time by a tooth on the cap,
and provides substantial tolerance for dimensional variations in
the container and closure. Teeth 22 on cap 10 for example will lock
with one or the other of teeth 74 on container 66 for any
rotational position of the cap extending for approximately two
times the arc length of the series of teeth 22. If the teeth 22 on
cap 10 extend for an arc of approximately 25.degree. around the
cap, the cap would lock on container 66 during approximately
50.degree. of rotation of the cap with respect to the container.
This insures that cap 10 can be tightly sealed on container 66 at
any position within the 50.degree. of rotation, and the cap will be
locked on the container at such position. With prior art
container-closure locking assemblies which provide only one or a
few locking positions, the closures are sometimes not tightly
sealed on their containers when the locking means are engaged. The
container-closure combination of this invention substantially
eliminates that possibility.
FIG. 5 illustrates the top portion of another alternative container
96 on which a closure of the invention may be secured. Container 96
includes a neck 98 with thread means 100 on it and a plurality of
adjacent upwardly projecting ratchet teeth 102 below the container
neck. Additional teeth may also be provided on the opposite side of
the container neck. To facilitate molding of container 96, teeth
102 are based on an annular surface 104 which is disposed at
approximately 45.degree. to vertical, and have surfaces 106 which
are angled both to vertical and to horizontal. This angularity of
teeth 102 facilitates molding of container 96 in a two piece mold
which can be parted to remove the container after molding.
FIG. 6 shows container top 96 with a closure 108 thereon which is
made in accordance with this invention. Closure 108 has a
resiliently deflectable ring 110 around the base of its skirt 112
and rigidly connected thereto by two bridges, not shown, and the
ring has a plurality of adjacent downwardly projecting teeth 114 in
it for engaging teeth 102 on container 96. Preferably, two sets of
teeth 114 are formed on ring 110 on opposite sides of the ring
equidistance between the bridges which connect the ring to the
closure skirt. Teeth 114 have angular surfaces 116 (FIG. 7) for
facilitating turning of closure 108 on container 96, and
substantially vertical surfaces for locking the closure on the
container.
Ring 110 further has a depending flange 118 which hides teeth 114
from view when closure 108 is secured on container 96. This flange
therefore makes the closed container even more childproof because
it conceals the locking means which, if seen by a child, might
suggest the manner of opening.
Closure 112 also has an inclined upwardly outwardly facing annular
surface 120 on the outside of the bottom of its skirt, and ring 110
has a mating inclined downwardly-inwardly facing surface 122 on its
inner edge. When, as is shown in the left hand side of FIG. 6, ring
110 is squeezed adjacent teeth 114 in ring surface 122 engages
surface 120 on the closure skirt 112 to cam the ring upwardly and
disengage teeth 114 from teeth 102 to permit the closure to be
unscrewed from the container. Ring 110 can also be lifted to
disengage or unlock the teeth and permit removal of the closure.
Since small children usually cannot effect two simultaneous
dissimilar motions, container 96 closed with closure 108 is
substantially childproof.
It is therefore seen that a safety closure and safety
container-closure assembly is provided in which the cap is one
piece and is adapted to hermetically seal a container. A small
child will find it very difficult, if not impossible, to remove a
cap or closure of this invention from the container, but an adult
can open the package without undue difficulty.
Although preferred embodiments of this invention have been selected
for illustration and description, it will be apparent to those
skilled in the art that numerous modifications could be made in the
preferred embodiments without departing from the invention or the
scope of the appended claims. For example, a closure of the
invention may include only one-half of a ring or a band disposed
approximately 180.degree. around a closure and connected at its
ends to the closure skirt by integral bridges or the like. An
upwardly or outwardly projecting tab or tabs may also be provided
on the flexible ring on a closure of the invention to facilitate
squeezing or lifting of the ring.
* * * * *