U.S. patent number 3,855,140 [Application Number 05/253,102] was granted by the patent office on 1974-12-17 for cleansing compositions.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Imperial Chemical Industries Limited. Invention is credited to Michael Royston Billany, Arthur Raymond Longworth, John Shatwell.
United States Patent |
3,855,140 |
Billany , et al. |
December 17, 1974 |
CLEANSING COMPOSITIONS
Abstract
The disclosure relates to cleansing compositions containing a
soluble salt of chlorhexidine, a polyoxyethylenepolyoxypropylene
block co-polymer and an inert diluent or carrier.
Inventors: |
Billany; Michael Royston
(Macclesfield, EN), Longworth; Arthur Raymond
(Macclesfield, EN), Shatwell; John (Macclesfield,
EN) |
Assignee: |
Imperial Chemical Industries
Limited (London, EN)
|
Family
ID: |
27258749 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/253,102 |
Filed: |
May 15, 1972 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
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|
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Jun 18, 1971 [GB] |
|
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28764/71 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
510/132; 206/812;
510/131; 510/386; 510/499; 510/506; 510/488; 514/634 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C11D
1/722 (20130101); C11D 3/3707 (20130101); C11D
3/48 (20130101); Y10S 206/812 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
C11D
3/48 (20060101); C11D 1/722 (20060101); C11D
3/37 (20060101); C11d 001/72 (); C11d 003/48 () |
Field of
Search: |
;252/106,107,547
;424/326 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
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|
|
|
|
|
|
815,925 |
|
Jul 1959 |
|
GB |
|
1,202,496 |
|
Aug 1970 |
|
GB |
|
993,044 |
|
May 1965 |
|
GB |
|
745,064 |
|
Feb 1956 |
|
GB |
|
159,111 |
|
Sep 1954 |
|
AU |
|
815,800 |
|
Jul 1959 |
|
GB |
|
Other References
"Pluronic Polyols in Cosmetics," Wyandotte Chem. Corp., 1968 (Lib.
of Congress Catalog Card No. 68-54191) pp. 1-17. .
"Pluronics," Wyandotte Chem. Corp., September 1954, pp. 2-4, 8 and
9. .
"Aromox Amineoxides-New Products, Applications, Opportunities,"
Armour & Co., February 1964, pp. 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7..
|
Primary Examiner: Weinblatt; Mayer
Assistant Examiner: Willis; P. E.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Cushman, Darby & Cushman
Claims
What we claim is:
1. A skin-cleansing composition which consists essentially of from
0.5 to 10.0 percent w/v of a salt of chlorhexidine which is soluble
to the extent of at least 0.5 percent w/v in water at ambient
temperature, selected from the group consisting of the gluconate,
isethionate, formate, acetate, glutamate, succinamate,
mono-diglycollate, di-methanesulphonate, lactate, di-isobutyrate
and glucoheptonate salt, a polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block
copolymer of the formula ##SPC2##
wherein a, b and c are integers, such that said copolymer consists
of 70 percent of polyoxyethylene and wherein the molecular weight
of the polyoxypropylene content is about 2250, and water.
2. The composition of claim 1 which contains between 10 and 30
percent of copolymer.
3. The composition of claim 1 which contains from 0.5 to 5.0
percent of chlorhexidine gluconate.
4. The composition of claim 1 which additionally contains an amine
oxide foaming agent selected from the group consisting of
cetyldimethylamine oxide, lauryldimethylamine oxide,
cetylmethylmyristylamine oxide and dimethylmyristylamine oxide.
5. A composition according to claim 1 wherein gluconolactone is
included to provide a pH between 5 and 7.
6. The composition of claim 1 which consists essentially of from
0.5 to 5.0 percent of chlorhexidine gluconate, 25 percent of the
copolymer containing 70 percent of polyoxyethylene and with a
polyoxypropylene molecular weight of about 2250, and about 3.75
percent of an amine oxide foaming agent selected from the group
consisting of cetyldimethylamine oxide, lauryldimethylamine oxide,
cetylmethylmyristylamine oxde and dimethylmyristylamine oxide,
together with said water.
Description
This invention relates to cleansing compositions, and in particular
it relates to cleansing compositions, containing the antibacterial
compound chlorhexidine
(1,1'-hexamethylenebis[5-(p-chloro-phenyl)biguanide]) or a salt
thereof, which are suitable for skin cleansing. The compositions of
the invention are therefore useful in surgical practice as a
pre-operative scrub; they may be used routinely by hospital ward
staff.
The essential constituents of such a composition are a suitable
salt of chlorhexidine and a surfactant. Very many common
surfactants are, however, incompatible with chlorhexidine. Thus,
anionic surfactants are known to destroy the antibacterial activity
of chlorhexidine solutions by complexing with the cationic
chlorhexidine, and cationic surfactants are not preferred because
of their irritancy, and because in combination with a soluble
chlorhexidine salt double decomposition can occur, with the
formation of insoluble chlorhexidine salts and consequent loss of
antibacterial activity. Amphoteric surfactants, with contain either
anionic or cationic centres depending upon pH, suffer from the
above described disadvantages of anionic and cationic surfactants,
and are therefore equally unsuitable for the present purpose. Thus,
for example, of 13 amphoteric surfactants examined as aqueous
solutions containing 20 percent w/v of surfactant and 2 percent v/v
of chlorhexidine gluconate (provided as a 20 percent w/v solution
in water) the best combination possessed only 14 percent of the
antibacterial activity of a 2 percent solution of chlorhexidine
gluconate alone.
Non-ionic surfactants were therefore examined in combination with
chlorhexidine gluconate (20 percent w/v of surfactant and 2 percent
v/v of chlorhexidine gluconate provided as a 20 percent w/v
solution) in water. Of 17 non-ionic surfactants of various types
which were investigated, only four possessed 70 percent or more of
the antibacterial activity of a 2 percent solution of chlorhexidine
gluconate alone. These four non-ionic surfactants were all members
of a class of polyoxyethylene/polyoxypropylene block copolymers of
the general formula: ##SPC1##
Wherein a, b and c are integers, having molecular weights between
1,000 and 16,000, and in which the terminal polyoxyethylene chains
represent 10-80 percent of the molecule, which copolymers are
available commercially under the trade name "Pluronic." However,
from the results of comparative tests, we have found that not all
"Pluronic"s are equally suitable for the present purpose.
Thus, according to the invention there is provided a composition
comprising from 0.5 to 10.0 percent w/v of a salt of chlorhexidine
which is soluble to the extent of at least 0.5 percent w/v in water
at ambient temperature, and a polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene
block copolymer consisting of 20-80 percent of polyoxyethylene, and
wherein the polyoxypropylene part of the polymer molecule has a
molecular weight of between 1,000 and 2,750, together with an inert
diluent or carrier.
Suitable salts of chlorhexidine which are soluble in water at
ambient temperature to the extent of at least 0.5 percent w/v are,
for example, the gluconate, isethionate
(2-hydroxyethanesulphonate), formate, acetate, glutamate,
succinamate, monodiglycollate, di-methanesulphonate, lactate,
di-isobutyrate and glucoheptonate, and of these, the gluconate is
particularly preferred.
Particular polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block copolymers which
are useful in the compositions of the invention are those known as
"Pluronic"s, and having the following designations, (wherein the
figures in parentheses following the designation indicate the
typical molecular weight of the polyoxypropylene part of the
molecule, and the precentage of polyoxyethylene in the molecule,
respectively):-
L44 (12,00 40), L62 (1750, 20), 1200, 63 (1750, 30), L64 (1750,
40), P65 (1750, 50), F68 (1750, 80), P75 (2050, 50), F77 (2050,
70), P84 (2250, 40), P85 (2250, 50) and F87 (2250, 70).
Preferred "Pluronic"s are those comprising 40 to 70 percent of
polyoxyethylene, and wherein the typical molecular weight of
polyoxypropylene is between about 2,000 and about 2,500.
Particularly preferred "Pluronic"s are those with a
polyoxypropylene typical molecular weight of about 2,250, and
containing 40 to 70 percent of polyoxyethylene, that is "Pluronic"s
P84, P85 and F87, which possess the optimum combination of foaming
ability, mild detergency, viscosity, water solubility and
non-irritancy. The surfactant of choice is "Pluronic" F87.
Preferred compositions contain from 10 to 30 percent of "Pluronic"
F87, ideally about 25 percent, and from 0.5 to 5.0 percent of
chlorhexidine gluconate.
For user acceptability, the compositions should preferably possess
moderate foaming properties, and to achieve this it is necessary to
include a foaming agent. Most foaming agents deactivate
chlorhexidine to a large extent, but with amine oxide foaming
agents the deactivation is kept to a minimum. Nevertheless, some
deactivation is unavoidable, so it is preferable to use a
surfactant having maximum foaming properties, so that the quantity
of deactivating foaming agent is kept to a minimum. "Pluronic"s
P84, P85 and F87 have the greatest foaming ability and with these,
the addition of 3.75 percent of an amine oxide foaming agent gives
a composition having acceptable foaming properties, but with other
"Pluronic"s it is necessary, in order to obtain a sufficiently
foaming composition, to increase the quantity of foaming agent
incorporated, and to increase also the quantity of chlorhexidine in
order to overcome the deactivating effect of the additional foaming
agent.
Suitable amine oxide foaming agents are, for example,
cetyldimethylamine oxide, lauryldimethylamine oxide,
cetylmethylmyristylamine oxide and dimethylmyristylamine oxide, and
of these, cetyldimethylamine oxide is preferred as being the most
stable and the least deactivating as a constituent of the
composition of this invention.
An especially preferred group of compositions of the invention
comprises those compositions containing 0.5 to 5.0 percent of
chlorhexidine gluconate, about 25 percent of a copolymer as
described above containing 40 to 70 percent of poloxyethylene, and
with a polyoxypropylene typical molecular weight of about 2,250,
and about 3.75 percent of an amine oxide foaming agent, selected
from those named above, together with an inert diluent or
carrier.
The compositions may also optionally contain perfumes, colouring
agents and preservatives, for example isopropyl alcohol, ethyl
alcohol, methyl p-hydroxybenzoate or propyl p-hydroxybenzoate. It
is also advantageous to adjust the pH of the composition to between
5 and 7, preferably to about 5.5, to minimise the precipitation of
insoluble chlorhexidine salts on storage. A suitable agent for
adjusting the pH of the compositions is, for example,
gluconolactone, or the acid from which the anion of the
chlorhexidine salt in use is derived.
The invention is illustrated but not limited by the following
Examples in which the parts are by weight:
EXAMPLE 1
Chlorhexidine gluconate (20 parts of a 20 percent w/w solution),
lauryldimethylamine oxide (3.75 parts) and water (47.145 parts) are
heated to 60.degree.C. with stirring, then "Pluronic" F87 (25
parts) is added slowly, with continuous stirring until all is
dissolved. The solution is cooled, and isopropyl alcohol (4 parts),
Edicol Supra Carmoisine W.S. (0.005 part) and Herbacol 15.393/T
(0.1 part) are added, in any order. The pH of the preparation is
then adjusted to 5.5 by the addition of 6 parts of a 10 percent w/v
solution of d-gluconolactone.
EXAMPLE 2
The process described in Example 1 is repeated, using 0.05 percent
w/v of Edicol Supra Ponceau 4RS in place of Edicol Supra Carmoisine
W.S., and adjusting the water content in proportion.
* * * * *