U.S. patent number 3,853,237 [Application Number 05/307,075] was granted by the patent office on 1974-12-10 for vial or container with safety closure.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Ethyl Development Corporation. Invention is credited to Paul A. Marchant.
United States Patent |
3,853,237 |
Marchant |
December 10, 1974 |
VIAL OR CONTAINER WITH SAFETY CLOSURE
Abstract
A container such as a vial for medicines, and a one-piece safety
closure therefor. The container is provided with an annular,
outwardly extending shoulder or lip adjacent the upper end of the
open neck. A one-piece closure, preferably molded from plastic
material, has a top wall which includes a central circular section,
a downwardly sloping conical section, and an annular flat section
which integrally connects to a depending cylindrical skirt section.
The interior sidewall of the skirt is provided with an inwardly
projecting, preferably beveled, shoulder or lip which, when pressed
on the lip or shoulder of the container, snaps over and provides
solid engagement of the closure cap with the container. The cap can
be removed by applying pressure with one's thumb to the central
section while lifting the peripheral skirt with one's fingers. In a
second embodiment, a container, such as a vial, is provided with a
second shoulder below and immediately adjacent to the upper or
first shoulder on the vial. The second shoulder has a sloping
undersurface and an annular, flat top surface which preferably
makes abutment with the lower periphery of the cap skirt preventing
engagement of one's fingers with the lower end of the skirt of the
cap, except when the top of the cap is depressed.
Inventors: |
Marchant; Paul A. (Kansas City,
MO) |
Assignee: |
Ethyl Development Corporation
(Kansas City, MO)
|
Family
ID: |
23188139 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/307,075 |
Filed: |
November 16, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
215/224; 220/281;
220/780; 215/317 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B65D
50/045 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B65D
50/00 (20060101); B65D 50/04 (20060101); B65d
055/02 (); B65d 085/56 (); A61j 001/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;215/9,41,46R,224,317,321 ;220/6A |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Hall; George T.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Johnson; D. L. Sieberth; J. F.
Mays; E. D.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. In a container and safety closure cap therefor, the combination
comprising:
a. a container having a generally cylindrical, open neck portion,
the outer end of said neck being provided on its outer surface with
an annular, outwardly projecting shoulder; and
b. a one-piece, flexible, thermoplastic safety closure cap having a
circular central section, a downwardly sloping conical section
attached to said central section, an annular flat section attached
to the lower end of said conical section, and a generally
cylindrical, solid, integral skirt portion attached at its upper
end and depending from said annular flat section, the interior
sidewall of said skirt providing a continuous, annular, inwardly
projecting shoulder adjacent its lower end, which shoulder is
adapted to be snapped over said outer end of said neck and to be in
abutment with the underside of said shoulder provided on said
neck.
2. In the container and safety closure cap of claim 1 wherein said
safety closure cap is provided with a plurality of integral,
radially extending ribs on the interior wall of the conical section
of said cap.
3. In the container and safety closure cap of claim 1 wherein the
outer surface of said shoulder on said neck and the inner surface
of said shoulder on said cap are provided with matching downwardly
and outwardly inclined surfaces which terminate in matching,
engaging, annular, flat, downwardly and upwardly directed surfaces
respectively.
4. In a container and safety closure cap therefor, the combination
comprising:
a. a container having a generally cylindrical, open neck portion,
the outer surface of the end of said neck being provided with a
first annular, outwardly projecting shoulder and a second shoulder
adjacent and below said first shoulder, said second shoulder having
an upwardly and outwardly sloping lower surface and a flat, annular
upper surface; and
b. a one-piece, flexible, thermoplastic, safety closure cap having
a circular central section, a downwardly sloping conical section
attached to said central section, said conical section being
provided with a plurality of integral, radially extending ribs on
its interior wall, an annular flat section attached to the lower
end of said conical section, and a generally cylindrical, solid,
integral skirt portion attached at its upper end and depending from
said annular flat section, the interior sidewall of said skirt
providing an annular, inwardly projecting shoulder adjacent its
lower end, which shoulder is adapted to be snapped over said outer
end of said neck and to be in abutment with the underside of said
first shoulder provided on said neck, the lower end of said skirt
being in close proximity to the upper surface of said second
shoulder.
5. In the container and safety closure cap of claim 4 wherein the
lower end of said skirt has a thickness substantially equal to the
width of said upper surface of said second shoulder.
6. In the container of claim 1 wherein the wall of said central
section has a thickness greater than the walls of said conical
section and said annular flat section.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Efforts have been accelerated over the past few years to provide
satisfactory childproof safety closures for containers used for
toxic and dangerous substances such as medicines, insecticides,
cleaners and other materials which could be harmful to a child if
ingested. Provisions of the Poison Prevention Packaging Act of 1970
(Public Law 91-601 of Dec. 30, 1970) require that many substances
be packaged in the near future in containers having childproof
closures.
Many of the childproof closures developed to date suffer from
undesirable features. Often, childproof container closures are
designed wherein the parts forming the closure are so complex and
complicated that it is not economically feasible to produce and use
such closures on low-cost items such as small bottles of aspirin,
cleaners and other low-cost commodities. Prior art safety closures
often require such complicated movements and/or understanding of
the operation that they cannot be conveniently removed by adults.
Additionally, some closures require gripping forces or movements
which are not convenient for aged people who most often are
required to remove safety closures from medicine containers.
Thus, it is evident that there is a need for a simple, economical
container, such as a vial for medicines, which is provided with a
simple, cheap, one-piece, childproof safety closure.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the present invention to provide a container,
such as a vial for medicines, having an improved safety
closure.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a
container and a safety closure wherein the closure is simple in
construction and economical to produce.
An additional object of the present invention is to provide a
container having a safety closure which may be easily applied to
and removed from the container by application of hand pressure.
A further object of the present invention is to provide a container
with a safety closure which may be easily removed from the
container by an adult, but is difficult or impossible to remove by
a child.
The foregoing and other objects are provided for in a container and
safety closure cap combination comprising a container having a
generally cylindrical, open neck portion. The outer end of the neck
is provided with an annular, outwardly projecting shoulder. A
one-piece, flexible safety closure cap having a substantially
truncated, conical top portion and a generally cylindrical,
integral skirt portion depending therefrom is attached to the
container. The interior sidewall of the skirt provides an annular,
inwardly projecting shoulder adjacent its lower end. The shoulder
on the skirt is adapted to be snapped over the shoulder on the
outer end of the neck to lock the cap on the container.
The second embodiment of the invention is provided in a container
having a cylindrical neck and having, in addition to the first
shoulder at its upper end, a second shoulder immediately below the
first shoulder, which second shoulder is provided with a sloping
undersurface and a flat annular top surface.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a broken, sectional, elevational view of a container and
safety closure cap constructed in accordance with the present
invention;
FIG. 2 is a view similar to FIG. 1 showing the position of the cap
when pressure is applied by the hand to remove the cap from the
container;
FIG. 3 is an elevational view of a container constructed in
accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a top view of the container of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a bottom view of the cap of FIG. 1 taken along the line
5--5;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the cap of FIG. 5 taken along
the line 6--6;
FIG. 7 is an elevational view of a second embodiment of a container
constructed in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a top view of the container of FIG. 7;
FIG. 9 is an elevational view of a cap for the container of FIG.
7;
FIG. 10 is a top view of the cap of FIG. 9;
FIG. 11 is a bottom view of the cap of FIG. 9;
FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of the cap of FIG. 11 taken along
the line 12--12;
FIG. 13 is a broken, sectional, elevational view of the container
of FIG. 7 with the cap of FIG. 9 affixed thereto in the closed
position; and
FIG. 14 is a view similar to FIG. 13 showing the position of the
cap when pressure is applied by hand to remove the cap from the
container.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring now to FIGS. 1-6, the container and closure of the
present invention include a container, which may be in the form of
a vial, designated generally by the numeral 10. The container and
closure system of the present invention may be utilized with
containers other than vials, e.g., cans which have cylindrical,
non-threaded, open necks. The vial is provided with a cylindrical,
open-ended neck portion 11 which has an outwardly extending annular
shoulder 12 adjacent its upper end. The shoulder 12 is provided
with a flat top surface 13, a downwardly and outwardly extending
sidewall 14, and an annular, flat bottom wall 15.
Referring now to FIGS. 1, 2, 5 and 6, the container or vial is
provided with a safety closure cap, designated generally by the
numeral 16. The cap includes a top wall which consists of a
circular central section 17 of relatively thick wall cross section.
Attached to the central section is a downwardly sloping conical
section 18 of relatively thin wall cross section. The conical
section merges into a relatively thin wall, annular, flat section
19. Attached to the annular section 19 is a depending, cylindrical
skirt section 20. The inner wall of the skirt is provided with an
inwardly projecting annular shoulder 21. The shoulder 21 is
provided with a downwardly and outwardly sloping sidewall surface
22. This surface has the same slope and is of a design adapted to
engage the sidewall surface 14 on the shoulder 12 of the vial to
permit expansion of the skirt and snapping of the shoulder 22 over
the shoulder 12 on the vial. The shoulder 22 is provided with an
annular, flat top surface 23 which is adapted to engage in abutment
with the flat bottom surface 15 of the shoulder 12 of the vial, as
may be seen in FIG. 1. The inner wall of the conical portion 18 of
the cap is provided with a plurality of spaced apart, radially
extending reinforcing ribs 23. These ribs terminate short of the
circular central section 17 of the cap and also short of the
annular flat section 19. This arrangement of the ribs provides a
weakened or compressible, flexible, annular section immediately
adjacent to the circular central section 17 and adjacent to the
annular flat section 19 of the cap to permit flexing of the cap for
placing the cap on the container and removing it from the
container, as seen in FIG. 2.
To apply the cap 16 to the container 10, the cap is taken in one's
hand and pressure is applied to the central section 17 while
lifting with one's fingers the annular skirt portion 20, and
pressure is applied to the top to snap the cap over the bead or
shoulder on the vial or container. To remove the cap, the same
pressure is applied, as shown in FIG. 2, while pulling the skirt to
disengage the shoulder 21 from the shoulder 12 of the vial.
Referring now to FIGS. 7-14, a second embodiment of the container
of the present invention, designated generally by the reference
numeral 24, is illustrated in the form of a vial, although it is to
be understood that the container may take any form that is provided
with a cylindrical neck. As seen in FIG. 7, the container 24 has a
cylindrical wall 25 and is provided with a first shoulder,
designated generally by the numeral 26, at the upper end or open
mouth of the container 24. The shoulder 26 is provided with a
narrow, annular, flat top wall 27 as seen in FIG. 8, a downwardly
and outwardly sloping sidewall 28, and an annular, flat bottom wall
29. A second shoulder, designated generally by the reference
numeral 30, is provided below the first shoulder 26. The second
shoulder 30 includes an upwardly and outwardly sloping lower wall
31 which merges into the side of the container 25 at the lower end
thereof. The second shoulder 30 is provided with a flat, annular
top wall 32, as can be seen in FIG. 8.
The closure cap shown in FIGS. 9-12 is constructed substantially
the same as or is identical with the construction of the cap shown
in FIGS. 1, 2, 5 and 6, and the same reference numerals are applied
to FIGS. 9-12 as used in the illustrations of the container cap in
FIGS. 1, 2, 5 and 6.
Referring now to FIG. 13, the safety closure cap 16 is shown in the
closed or sealed position on the container 24. In this position,
the inner shoulder 21 provided on the cylindrical skirt section 20
of the cap engages the underside 29 of the upper shoulder 26 of the
container. The lower, annular, flat undersurface 33 of the
cylindrical skirt section 20 of the cap is in substantial abutment
with, or in very close proximity to, the annular upper surface 32
of the second shoulder 30. As seen in FIG. 13, it is preferred that
the thickness of the skirt 20 of the cap 16 be substantially the
same as the width of the annular shoulder 33 on the container 24
thereby providing a flush, continuous surface at the engaging
points of the shoulder 32 and annular skirt section 20 to prevent
engagement of the lower edge or annular bottom surface 33 of the
cap with the fingers of one's hand when the container cap 16 is in
the closed position, as seen in FIG. 13.
Referring now to FIG. 14, to remove the cap 16 from the container
24, the container is gripped with the index and middle fingers of
one's hand positioned on the sloping undersurface 31 of the second
shoulder 30. One's thumb depresses the circular central section 17
of the container cap springing the cylindrical skirt outwardly to
disengage the annular bottom surface 33 of the skirt from the upper
surface 32 of the second shoulder 30, thereby permitting one's
fingers to engage the annular bottom surface 33 of the cap and to
remove the cap from the container.
The foregoing second embodiment of the invention provides an
additional safety feature in that it will prevent children from
being able to engage the undersurface of the container cap, thereby
enhancing the safety features of the container closure
assembly.
The container of the invention may be made of any material, such as
metal or plastic, and may be in the form of a vial, bottle, can, or
other suitable container. The cap or safety closure of the
container is preferably made from a semi-rigid or reasonably
flexible thermoplastic material, such as low density or high
density polyethylene, polypropylene, plasticized polyvinyl chloride
or other suitable, flexible plastic materials. The cap may be made
by injection molding or compression molding, or any other suitable
plastic forming technique.
From the foregoing, it is seen that the present invention provides
a simple, one-piece closure system which may be produced from
economical, readily available, thermoplastic materials and
conveniently attached to the cylindrical neck of any type container
providing a bead or shoulder thereon. The closure and container of
the present invention are particularly adapted for use with dry
products, such as medicines, insecticides, scouring powders and
other toxic materials, which will be required to utilize childproof
safety closures. The closure of the present invention is readily
placed on and removed from the container by an adult without
special instructions or manual dexterity. It is believed that the
closure system of the present invention is difficult, if not
impossible, to open by a child of 5 years or under.
While the invention has been described with reference to the
drawings, it is understood that the present description is only by
way of example and that many variations and modifications of the
construction of the present invention will be apparent to those
skilled in the art. Therefore, the invention is to be limited only
by the following claims.
* * * * *