U.S. patent number 3,853,012 [Application Number 05/186,023] was granted by the patent office on 1974-12-10 for pipettes.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Medical Laboratory Automation, Inc.. Invention is credited to Emil A. Scordato, William C. Strobel.
United States Patent |
3,853,012 |
Scordato , et al. |
December 10, 1974 |
PIPETTES
Abstract
A manual pipette adapted to use disposable plastic tips into
which a liquid is drawn and from which it is dispensed is provided
with means for dislodging the tip from the pipette after use. The
disposable tip which is normally frictionally held at the distal
end of the pipette is pushed off the pipette by a sleeve member
that is slideably mounted on the barrel of the pipette.
Inventors: |
Scordato; Emil A. (Bronxville,
NY), Strobel; William C. (Bronx, NY) |
Assignee: |
Medical Laboratory Automation,
Inc. (Mount Vernon, NY)
|
Family
ID: |
52596253 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/186,023 |
Filed: |
October 4, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
73/864.14;
422/922; 73/864.16; 422/932; 422/934 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61B
5/150099 (20130101); A61M 5/315 (20130101); A61B
5/150236 (20130101); A61B 5/150213 (20130101); A61B
5/150343 (20130101); A61M 5/344 (20130101); B01L
3/0279 (20130101); A61B 5/150259 (20130101); A61M
1/00 (20130101); C01B 17/907 (20130101); A61B
5/150244 (20130101); A61B 5/150022 (20130101); A61M
5/346 (20130101); A61M 5/347 (20130101); A61M
5/31531 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
C01B
17/90 (20060101); C01B 17/00 (20060101); A47G
23/00 (20060101); A47G 23/02 (20060101); A61B
5/145 (20060101); A61B 5/15 (20060101); A61M
1/00 (20060101); B01L 9/00 (20060101); B01L
3/02 (20060101); A61M 5/315 (20060101); A61M
5/34 (20060101); B01L 9/06 (20060101); G01N
33/49 (20060101); G01N 33/483 (20060101); G01N
33/487 (20060101); B01l 003/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;73/425.4P,425.6
;222/215 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Swisher; S. Clement
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Keegan; William P.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A manual pipette adapted to have a disposable tip wedge fitted
at one end thereof and in co-axial relationship thereto, the
arrangement being such that a disposable tip is secured to the
pipette only by the frictional force of the wedge fit, said pipette
comprising a de-tipping member for removing a disposable tip that
is wedge fitted to the pipette, said member being slideably mounted
on said pipette in a direction parallel to the axis of the pipette
and movable between a normal position away from a disposable tip
and a position where it engages the end of a disposable tip and
thereafter pushes the tip in an axial direction to free it from
frictional engagement with the pipette.
2. A manual pipette according to claim 1 including resilient means
for biasing said de-tipping member to its normal position.
3. A manual pipette according to claim 1 wherein said de-tipping
member is a sleeve member concentric with the pipette.
4. A manual pipette according to claim 3 including spring means for
biasing said sleeve member to its normal position.
5. A manual pipette according to claim 4 wherein said pipette
comprises an elongated tubular member on which a disposable tip is
wedge fitted, a finger grip member connected to said elongated
tubular member, a plunger assembly mounted within said finger grip
member for sliding movement between two stop positions, an
adjustment means for determining one of said positions, means for
biasing said plunger assembly to the position determined by said
adjustment means, and wherein said sleeve member biasing spring
means is a compression spring fitted over said tubular member, and
including means secured to said tubular member for restraining one
end of said compression spring while its remote end bears against
said sleeve member and urges said sleeve member to its normal
position.
6. A manual pipette according to claiam 5 wherein said adjustment
means is adjustably connected to said finger grip member, and
including locking means for securing said adjustment means in its
adjusted position.
7. A manual pipette adapted to have a disposable tip wedge fitted
at the end thereof, said pipette comprising a permanent tip member,
a sleeve member within which said permanent tip member slides and
from which said permanent tip member projects, and spring means for
biasing said permanent tip member to its projected position whereby
when a disposable tip is being wedge fitted to said permanent tip
member as by the pipette being held by said sleeve member and said
permanent tip member pressed into engagement with a disposable tip,
the force urging said permanent tip member into engagement with the
disposable tip is determined by said spring means.
8. A manual pipette according to claim 7 wherein said permanent tip
member projects from said sleeve member by a predetermined distance
so that when a disposable tip is being wedge fitted to said
permanent tip member the end of said sleeve member will engage the
end of the disposable tip and the force urging said permanent tip
member into engagement with the disposable tip will be determined
and limited by said spring means and its amount of compression.
9. A pipette adapted to have a disposable tip mounted at one end
thereof, said pipette comprising, a permanent tip member to which a
disposable tip is frictionally joined so as to form an air-tight
connection, and disposable tip removing means for removing a
disposable tip from said permanent tip member, said permanent tip
member and said disposable tip removing means being supported so as
to enable relative movement therebetween as a result of which a
disposable tip is disconnected from said permanent tip member.
10. A pipette according to claim 9 wherein the disposable tip is a
hollow conical element and said permanent tip member is adapted to
fit within the disposable tip which is frictionally held thereon,
and wherein the relative movement between said permanent tip member
and said disposable tip removing means causes the latter to bear
against the end of the disposable tip and thereby to push it off
said permanent tip member.
11. A pipette according to claim 10 including resilient means for
biasing the end of said permanent tip member on which a disposable
tip is held and the bearing end of said disposable tip removing
means away from each other.
12. A pipette according to claim 11 including a grip member means
integrally connected with but spaced from said permanent tip
member, and wherein said disposable tip removing means is a
sleeve-like unit that encloses said permanent tip member but leaves
the end thereof projecting from the sleeve-like unit, and wherein
said disposable tip removing member is biased into abutting
relationship with said grip member means by said resilient
means.
13. A pipette according to claim 10 including means to effect
relative movement between said permanent tip member and said
disposable tip removing means whereby a disposable tip is removed
from said permanent tip member.
14. A manual pipette comprising a permanent tip member adapted to
have a disposable tip coupled thereto in an air-tight relationship,
means for drawing a liquid into and for expelling it from a
disposable tip coupled to said permanent tip member, and means
independent of said last named means disposed adjacent said
permanent tip member and in spaced relationship from the end
thereof to which a disposable tip is coupled for dislodging a
disposable tip from said permanent tip member when a relative
sliding motion between said permanent tip member and said
dislodging means is effected.
15. A manual pipette according to claim 14 including spring means
for biasing said permanent tip member and said disposable tip
dislodging means to said spaced relationship.
16. A manual pipette according to claim 15 including means for
applying a force to overcome the force exerted by said spring means
and thereby effect a relative movement between said permanent tip
member and said disposable tip dislodging means.
17. A manual pipette comprising a permanent tip member adapted to
have a disposable tip frictionally connected to the outside surface
of said member, a tip removing member adjacent the outside surface
of said permanent tip member, and means supporting said members for
relative movement therebetween whereby as a result of such movement
a disposable tip is engaged by said tip removing member and freed
from its frictional connection with said permanent tip member.
Description
This invention relates to manual pipettes that employ disposable
tips into which a liquid is drawn, and more particularly to means
for automatically removing such tips after use.
Over the past several years, the conventional mouth pipette has
been giving way to manual pipettes. While the mouth pipette has
been entirely satisfactory in use, and indeed may be preferred by
the skilled technician who can manipulate it quite well and can
dispense fluids from it with great accuracy, it has several
disadvantages when compared to manual pipettes, especially those
adapted to use a disposable tip. In the first place, the mouth
pipette requires that the technician using it develop a certain
facility for drawing a measured quantity of liquid into the
pipette, and for dispensing exact amounts of liquid from the
pipette. Secondly, when used for pipetting liquids from different
samples, e.g., from different blood plasma samples when performing
prothrombin time determination tests, a clean pipette must be used
for each sample. A third disadvantage of mouth pipettes is that
careless use may result in drawing samples of biological fluids,
such as plasma or blood cells, into the mouth with consequent risk
of infection by pathogenic organisms contained in such samples.
The advantages of manual pipettes with disposable tips are
manifest. Relatively unskilled technicians can draw and dispense
exact quantities of a liquid, depending only on the accuracy of the
pipette mechanism. Disposable tips are cleaned when packaged and
are disposed of after each use so that, if their price is
comparatively low, as it is, they involve less expense than is
incurred in re-cleaning mouth pipettes. Also, since they are
disposed of after each use, they eliminate the possiblity of cross
contamination between different samples being pipetted.
The disposable tips that are used with manual pipettes are
generally elongated cone shaped members formed of a suitable
plastic material which can be wedge fitted onto the tapered end of
the pipette proper. In use, the pipette is pressed into the
disposable tip with sufficient force to insure that the tip will be
frictionally held in place as a liquid is drawn into and dispensed
therefrom. After such use, the tip can be dislodged and discarded
by removing it with one hand while the pipette is held with the
other. Or de-tipping members can be supplied to wedge the
disposable tip off the pipette as the pipette is moved into contact
with the de-tipping member. Another de-tipping member permits the
disposable tip to fit under a ledge whereupon an upward pull on the
pipette dislodges the tip.
It is the object of the present invention to provide a pipette
having means to remove the disposable tip from the pipette after
use without the need of auxiliary de-tipping members and without
the necessity for the technician to touch the disposable tip. It is
also an object of the invention to provide means for limiting the
force with which a technician can press the pipette into the
disposable tip when securing the latter to the pipette.
In carrying out the invention there is provided, essentially, a
pipette having a tapered end over which a disposable tip is wedge
fitted, and a sleeve member fitted over the pipette body and spring
biased away from the tapered end of the pipette. The sleeve member
is slideable towards a disposable tip placed on the end of the
pipette so that it bears against and pushes the disposable tip off
the pipette.
Features and advantages of the invention may be gained from the
foregoing and from the description of a preferred embodiment
thereof which follows.
In the drawing:
FIG. 1 is a top plan view of the pipette; and
FIG. 2 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the pipette taken
along line 2--2 of FIG. 1.
In describing the present invention, attention will first be
directed to what may be considered the pipette itself. A relatively
elongated tube 10, preferably stainless steel, is press fitted or
brazed at joint 10a to hollow, cylindrical member 11. The
peripheral surface of the distal end of tube 10 may be slightly
tapered to facilitate it being wedged into a disposable pipette tip
40. Member 11, at its remote end, is reduced in diameter and the
reduced portion is externally threaded.
A hollow finger grip member 12, shaped substantially as shown, is
threaded internally at 13 so that grip member 12 can be threaded
onto member 11. Before joining the two members, however, a pair of
"quad" rings 14 are placed inside the end of grip member 12 and
against the annular ring 15. Consequently, when members 11 and 12
are threaded together, quad rings 14 are secured in a groove formed
by the end of member 11 and annular ring 15. Annular ring 15, which
is a separate member, applies an axial force to the quad rings
thereby maintaining an inward radial sealing force upon piston 21.
The quad rings will serve as an air tight seal around the pipette
piston as will presently be seen. The other end of grip member 12
also is internally threaded at 16. A restraining nut 17 having an
inwardly turned rim 19 is externally threaded for engagement with
the threaded section 16 of member 12.
The plunger assembly 20 of the pipette comprises a piston 21 which
is knurled at one end and press fitted into a finger actuated cap
22. The remote end of piston 21 extends through quad rings 14 at
all times during its reciprocation to fill and discharge the
pipette. The quad rings snugly surround the piston so as to
maintain an air tight seal. A decorative insert 23 may be provided
to give an attractive appearance to the pipette, especially if it
is a colored plastic insert. A compression spring 24 biases plunger
assembly 20 to a position where the flange 25 of cap 22 abuts rim
19 of restraining unit 17. If plunger assembly 20 is moved against
the action of spring 24 its movement is ultimately arrested by the
engagement of flange 25 with shoulder 26 formed on the inside of
grip member 12. It should be clear that the capacity of the present
pipette depends upon the distance travelled by the plunger assembly
20 between the positions determined by shoulder 26 and rim 19. It
should also be clear that the position of rim 19 can be varied
depending upon how far nut 17 is threaded into grip member 12.
Consequently, by finely adjusting the position of nut 17 the
capacity of the pipette can be set very accurately. A set screw 27
is provided to lock nut 17 in its adjusted position with respect to
grip member 12.
The disposable tip removing assembly comprises a sleeve member 30
that is fitted around the outside surface of members 11 and 12. One
end of sleeve member 30 is internally threaded at 31 and an annular
ring 32 is provided. A compression spring 33, loosely fitted over
tubing 10 bears against ring 32 and urges sleeve member 30 into
engagement with the underside of the transverse arms of grip member
12. The other end of spring 33 is restrained by a washer 34 and a
"C" circlet 35 the latter of which is snapped into a groove 36
formed on the periphery of tube 10. A de-tipping member 37 is
threaded into the threaded position of sleeve member 30.
The sequence of steps for assembling the present pipette will be
outlined since, at first glance, it may appear difficult to
assemble the pipette due to the relatively complicated shapes of
the various parts thereof.
Tubing 10 is first press fitted or brazed to member 11 after which
quad rings 14 are placed within the elongated portion of finger
grip member 12 and the latter screwed on to the reduced threaded
portion of member 11. The parts thus assembled are then placed
within sleeve member 30 as far as they will go. Next, compression
spring 33 is slipped over tubing 10 and compressed by washer 34 as
circlet 35 is snapped into groove 36. The de-tipper member 37 is
then slipped over tubing 10 and threaded into sleeve member 30. The
plunger assembly is next formed by press fitting cap 22 onto piston
21. Compression spring 24 is slipped over piston 21, and the latter
is inserted through quad rings 14. Now nut 17 is fitted over cap 22
and threaded into grip member 12. The distance nut 17 is threaded
into member 12 depends on the desired capacity of the pipette which
in turn depends on the stroke of piston 21. This, of course, is
determined by the distance flange 25 moves between the variably
position rim 19 of nut 17 and shoulder 26. Once rim 19 is at the
desired location, set screw 27 is tightened to lock nut 17 in
place.
A filling piece could be provided to fit over piston 21 adjacent to
flange 25 to shorten the distance travelled by the piston when cap
22 is depressed. Such a piece would enable the volume capacity of
the pipette to be readily varied. Either the filling piece could be
positioned along piston 21 and locked in a desired position, as by
a set screw, or pieces of various lengths could be used to give
different piston strokes. In the event a filling piece is used to
control the capacity of the pipette, nut 17 would be used to
provide a fine adjustment to the volume capacity.
In use, the pipette can be grasped in the way most comfortable to
the technician. Either, the pipette can be grasped by the
technician making a fist around sleeve member 30 with either the
thumb or the index finger placed on insert 23 of cap 22, or by
holding the sleeve member between the index and middle fingers with
the thumb convenient to cap 22. Of course, the technician may adapt
any grip which is found to be comfortable or convenient. To apply a
tip, the pipette is then pressed into the open end of a disposable
tip 40 which is thus wedged and sealed to the end of the pipette.
It will be noted that the maximum engagement force that can be
exerted is that exerted by spring 33. Once spring 33 has been
compressed to the point where the end of sleeve 37 meets the flange
of tip 40, no further tip application force can be applied. If the
application force is increased, all that will happen is that sleeve
37 will bear harder directly on tip 40, but the application force
will be constant, dictated by the amount of compression of spring
33. If this pressure is made slightly higher than is necessary to
insure a good seal, then the amount of force required to effect a
proper seal has been optimized while at the same time being reduced
to the minimum necessary to perform its function. This removes any
uncertainty on the part of the technician about the proper pressure
to apply to obtain a good seal between the pipette and its
disposable tip. The plunger assembly is then depressed until flange
25 strikes shoulder 26, this action expelling a volume of air from
tube 10 equal to the cross sectional area of piston 21 multiplied
by the distance travelled by the piston, i.e., the distance between
shoulder 26 and rim 19 less the thickness of flange 25. The quad
rings 14 insure that all of the air is expelled from tube 10 and
that none of it escapes along piston 21. The disposable tip 40 is
then inserted into the liquid being pipetted and plunger assembly
20 is released prior to removing the pipette from the liquid.
Compression spring 24 moves assembly 20 to the position shown in
the drawing, thus drawing a volume of liquid, essentially equal to
the volume of air previously expelled, into disposable tip 40. The
pipette is then removed from the liquid and the liquid drawn into
tip 40 is then discharged into a suitable receptacle by depressing
plunger assembly 20 until its travel is arrested by the engagement
of flange 25 (or a filling piece if one is incorporated in the
pipette) and shoulder 26. To remove disposable tip 40, it is
necessary only to hold sleeve member 30, and exert a force against
the knurled underside 41 of the transverse arms of grip member 12.
This will compress spring 33 and retract tube 10 within member 37
until the end of disposable tip 40 strikes member 37 and is pushed
off tube 10. Releasing the force on grip member 12 permits
compression spring 33 to restore sleeve 30 and de-tipping member 37
to the relative positions shown in the drawing.
Having thus described the invention it is clear that what may
appear to be different embodiments could be provided without
departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Hence it is
intended that the foregoing specification and the drawing be
interpreted as illustrative rather than in a limiting sense.
* * * * *