U.S. patent number 3,853,010 [Application Number 05/337,801] was granted by the patent office on 1974-12-10 for sample container support with coding means.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Varian Associates. Invention is credited to Urs Christen, Dewayne Chester Guidinger.
United States Patent |
3,853,010 |
Christen , et al. |
December 10, 1974 |
SAMPLE CONTAINER SUPPORT WITH CODING MEANS
Abstract
A system for injecting sample fluids from a plurality of
containers into a sample receiver. The containers are supported on
removable racks having a plurality of permanent cam tracks on its
lower surface which cooperate with switches to produce binary
information identifying the sample rack and sample container
location at the sample station.
Inventors: |
Christen; Urs (Walnut Creek,
CA), Guidinger; Dewayne Chester (Concord, CA) |
Assignee: |
Varian Associates (Palo Alto,
CA)
|
Family
ID: |
23322075 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/337,801 |
Filed: |
March 5, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
73/864.24;
141/130; 73/864.91 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G01N
35/1095 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G01N
1/00 (20060101); G01n 001/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;73/423A,422GC ;141/130
;23/253R,259R |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Swisher; S. Clement
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Cole; Stanley Z. Fisher; Gerald
M.
Claims
We claim:
1. In a system for transferring a fluid from one of a plurality of
containers to a fluid receiving device including a structure
defining a station at which a fluid is removed from a container, a
plurality of container supporting members each of which defines a
plurality of fluid containers supporting locations, said container
supporting members each having a lower face, actuation means for
moving a selected container location of one of said container
supporting members to said station, actuation means comprising a
table member supported for rotation about an axis, said locations
of said container supporting members being disposed
circumferentially about said axis, connecting means detachably
connecting said actuating means to respective ones of said
container supporting members for enabling removal and replacement
of respective container supporting members; and identification
means comprising sensing means fixed with respect to said station
and unique structure means movable with each said container
supporting members and cooperable with said sensing means to
determine the identity of each said container, THE IMPROVEMENT
COMPRISING said unique structure movable with said container
supporting members being defined by a series of permanent cam
tracks supported by the lower face of said container supporting
members, said cam tracks within a segment defined by the axis and
said container location having raised portions corresponding to a
number assigned said container supporting member and said container
supporting locations, said raised portions being radially aligned
with said corresponding container supporting location and said cam
tracks being parallel to each other and concentric with the axis of
rotation of said table member and said sensing means comprising a
plurality of cam operated switches arranged parallel to each other
on a radius from said table member axis to said station cooperating
with said cam tracks to produce binary information identifying the
sample container supporting location at said station, and
identifying said container supporting member, said container
supporting member being individually removable cylindrical
segmental racks.
2. In the system of claim 1 wherein said removable racks include a
hole radially outwardly located with respect to each said fluid
container supporting locations for receiving a marker pin which
enables identification of those container locations having washing
solvents.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to the analysis of sample fluids and
more particularly relates to systems for controlling the
introduction of sample fluids into an analyzer.
2. Prior Art
Systems for supplying fluid samples for analysis by equipment, such
as chromatographic analyzers, have been proposed by the prior art.
Some prior art systems have employed a syringe for introducing a
predetermined quantity of sample fluid into the analyzer equipment.
Sample fluids to be analyzed were disposed in separate closed
sample containers and successive individual fluid samples were
removed from their containers, supplied to the syringe, and
injected into the equipment.
It is imperative in most sample analyses that the sample fluid
being analyzed be as free as possible from any type of foreign
substance. Accordingly, the injection syringe was required to be
thoroughly purged of one sample fluid and/or any residual cleansing
solvent before a succeeding sample was placed in the syringe. The
syringes employed for sample fluid injection were quite delicate
because of the extremely small quantities of sample fluid they
handled, e.g. quantities of from 5 - 50 microliters, this made
manual operation and purging of the syringes both tedious and time
consuming. Furthermore, when large numbers of samples were being
successively analyzed, a skilled operator was required to attend
the equipment and perform the tedious and repetitive task of
purging and filling the syringe.
In order to increase the speed and efficiency of the analysis of
multiple fluid samples, mechanized syringe handling systems were
proposed. The purpose of such systems was to reduce the amount of
operator time required in connection with the analysis procedures
and to reduce equipment failures, e.g. the syringe breakage and
damage which inevitably resulted from frequent handling.
The mechanized systems generally consisted of a supporting tray for
sample containers and an injection syringe manipulating mechanism
which functioned to enable removal of sample fluid from individual
containers, injection of the fluid into the analyzer and purging of
the syringe. The sample container trays were usually actuatable to
index successive sample containers to a location from which fluid
was transferred to the syringe.
While the prior art mechanized systems were effective in reducing
the amount of operator time required to analyze fluid samples,
several problems relating to syringe manipulation and purging
remained unsolved and errors in sample identification due to
handling by the operators were encountered.
The sample identification errors were most frequent in
circumstances where fluid samples from a number of different
laboratories or other sources were analyzed on a time sharing basis
by a centralized analyzer. In such a situation the analyzer
operator was sometimes required to load large numbers of sample
containers containing unfamiliar substances into the container
storage trays and, in one way or another, account for the analysis
of the various individual samples. The sample container storage
trays also frequently contained identical solvent containers used
for purging the syringes. Mistakes as to the identity of individual
samples tended to occur because of confusion in handling and
placement of the sample containers in the apparatus.
In order to remedy this problem the use of sample labeling devices,
such as punched cards, was proposed. These devices were frequently
combined with card reading apparatus associated with the sample
storage apparatus. The use of such sample identification devices
required the preparation of identification cards, the provision of
identification codes, etc., Furthermore, the card reading devices
were sometimes complex and thus increased the size and complexity
of the sample storage and syringe manipulating equipment. As a
result the initial equipment costs were increased and servicing and
maintenance of the equipment was complicated. Furthermore, the
possibility of human errors in handling the identifying information
was not eliminated.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a new and improved sample analysis
method and system wherein fluid samples to be analyzed need not be
loaded by the operator of the analysis system and confusion as to
the identity of fluid sample analysis results is minimized; sample
fluid injection equipment and associated sample flow conduits are
purged by a controlled volume of purging fluid so that samples of
fluid injected in the apparatus are nearly uniformly pure
regardless of differences in sample fluid viscosity and/or
volatility; the volume of sample fluid injected into the analyzer
is accurately governed by adjustable dosage controls; damage to
syringe-like elements of the system resulting from misalignment of
sample containers or other fluid receivers and the syringe-like
elements is avoided; and numerous different sample fluids can be
analyzed automatically without requiring full time attendance of a
skilled operator.
In a preferred and illustrated embodiment of the invention a sample
analysis system is provided which comprises a sample analyzer,
preferably a gas chromotograph, a sample injection module by which
a sample of fluid to be analyzed is injected into the analyzer, a
sample storage module which houses a number of discrete samples of
fluid to be analyzed and which supplies sample fluid to the
injection module, a sample analysis computer which may be
programmed to partially govern operation of the system and to
receive raw data from the analyzer concerning the analysis of the
given sample of fluid, a recorder which is connected to the
analyzer for producing graphic information concerning the analysis
of given samples by the analyzer, and an electronic control module
which governs operation of the components of the system.
The sample storage module receives a plurality of separate sample
storage trays, or racks, in which a number of sample containers may
be placed. The trays or racks are detachably connected to the
storage module and as such can be loaded with samples remote from
the analysis system. The trays or racks can be loaded with
containers in laboratories and forwarded to the analysis system.
The operator of the system thus does not have to load or unload
trays and is not required to account for the identity and location
of any given fluid sample.
The storage module and sample trays cooperate to automatically
provide information concerning the identity of the sample being
analyzed to the electronic control module so that the analysis data
produced by the computer and/or recorder is automatically coded
with the identity of the sample being analyzed. In the preferred
and illustrated embodiment of the invention the sample trays carry
a series of cam tracks which interact with a series of switches in
the storage module. The switches are actuated to identify the rack
and contain position of the sample being analyzed by binary
numbers. These numbers are decoded and printed on the output data
of the computer or recorder.
The new system is also capable of distinguishing between a sample
container and a solvent container as well as determining when the
samples in all of the containers have been analyzed.
The sample storage module is detachably connected to the injection
module and sample fluid which is withdrawn from an individual
container in the storage module is conducted into the injection
module via a sample conduit. The injection module includes a
syringe connected to the conduit which injects a predetermined dose
of the fluid into the analyzer. Prior to the injection of a sample,
the sample conduit and the injection syringe in the module are
purged to remove residual fluid from a previous cycle of the
system.
Another feature of the invention is the provision of a sample
analysis system wherein a control module governs operation of
sample storage and injection modules and is capable of
interrelating these operations with a computer. The system is
constructed and arranged so that the entire analysis of multiple
samples can be controlled by a programmed computer while at the
same time permitting system operation by an operator.
Other features and advantages of the invention will be apparent
from the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment
made with reference to the accompanying drawings which form a part
of the specification.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a plan view of a sample storage container module forming
part of the system of FIG. 1 with parts removed and portions broken
away;
FIG. 2 is a cross sectional view seen approximately from the line
2--2 in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a cross sectional view seen approximately from the plane
of the line 3--3 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is an elevational view of one side of a sample storage
tray;
FIG. 5 is an elevational view of the opposite side of the sample
storage tray of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is an enlarged elevational view of the portion of the tray
of FIG. 4 within the line 6;
FIG. 7 is a cross sectional view seen approximately from the plane
indicated by the line 7--7 of FIG. 6;
THE STORAGE MODULE
The storage module 16 supports a plurality of separate containers
240 for fluid samples and purging solvents and defines an
extraction station 250 at which a fluid sample or purging solvent
is extracted from a respective container and is directed to the
injection module 14. The individual containers 240 are supported by
a plurality of the sample supporting tray members, or racks,
indicated by the reference characters 252-255 (see FIG. 1). The
trays, or racks, are individually removable from the storage module
16 with their associated sample containers. An actuator assembly
258, forming a part of the module 16, moves the container
supporting trays in carrousel fashion so that individual containers
are successively moved to the extraction station 250 from which the
contents of the container at the extraction station can be removed
and directed to the injection module.
Referring now to FIG. 2, the storage module 16 comprises a support
frame 260 which is defined by a peripherally extending skirt 262
and a circular base plate 264 connected to the skirt. Side panels
266, 268 extend perpendicularly with respect to each other and
generally tangentially with respect to the support base portion 264
and skirt 262 to define a projecting corner of the storage module.
The extraction station 250 is located at the projecting corner of
the module and the trays 252-255 are circularly arranged over the
support base 264.
The sample supporting tray members 252-255 are, in most respects
the same, and only the tray 253 is described in detail to the
extent that the trays are identical. The tray 253 is shaped to
approximate a frustum of a 90.degree. circular segment having a
circularly curved outer wall 270, radially extending side edges
272, 274 and a radially inner edge 276 which extends between the
side edges. A segmental radially inner tray body 280 extends
between the edges 272, 274, 276 and terminates in a circular wall
portion 282. The edges of the tray member are defined by lips which
project from face of the body 280 and these lips, along with
radially extending webs 284, rigidify the tray body portion 280. A
pair of cylindrical bosses 285 extends from the body 280 beyond the
webs 284. The bosses provide a detachable driving connection with
the tray actuator assembly 258 as is described in greater detail
presently.
A radially outer tray body portion 286 extends from the wall 282
and is recessed from the body 280. The outer tray body portion 286
terminates in the circumferential wall 270 and is rigidified by
integral webs 292 which extend radially outwardly from the wall 282
flush with the inner tray body portion 280.
A circumferential series of sample container pockets 296
(preferably 15 pockets for accommodating 15 separate containers) is
disposed circumferentially about the periphery of the outer tray
body 286. The pockets 296 are defined by semicircular recesses 298
formed in the tray wall 270 and semicircular faces 300 formed on
projecting lugs 302 at the radially outer ends of the webs 292. The
recesses 298 and faces 300 are positioned with respect to each
other so that the container in each individual pocket is maintained
accurately positioned in the pocket and constrained against
tipping, even if the tray should be vertically oriented.
The container support actuator 258 comprises a turntable assembly
310 to which the individual trays 252-255 are detachably connected
and a turntable drive mechanism 312 by which the assembly 310, and
the attached trays, can be rotated with respect to the frame base
264. The assembly 310 comprises a support shaft 314 which extends
through the frame base 264 and is supported for rotation about an
axis 315 by a bearing unit 316 connected to the frame base. The
projecting end of the support shaft 314 carries a circular tray
support member 320 which is fixed to the shaft 314 for rotation
about the axis 315 and which defines four pairs of
circumferentially spaced locating holes 321. A drum-like member 322
is disposed between the tray support 320 and the frame base 264 and
is fixed to the shaft 314 for rotation with it.
A tray locking assembly 324 is disposed beyond the tray support 320
from the drum 322 and functions to permit the individual sample
supporting trays to be connected to and locked in place on the tray
support member.
The locking assembly comprises a cylindrical body 330 which is
fixed to the end of the shaft 314 for rotation about the axis 315.
Four shouldered holes 332 are formed in the body 330 at locations
spaced 90.degree. apart about the axis 315, with the holes
extending generally parallel to the axis. A circular retainer plate
334 is connected to the body 330 to close the holes 332. Each of
the holes 332 supports a shouldered detent pin 336 and a helical
compression spring 338 which reacts between the detent pin 36 and
the retainer plate 334 so that the projecting end of the detent pin
is urged from the body 330 towards the tray support 320.
Trays are inserted and locked in placed in the assembly 310 by
cocking the tray slightly with respect to the support member 320
and inserting the inner edge 276 of the tray between the support
member 320 and the body 330 of the locking assembly. The end of the
detent pin 336 is rounded so that the detent pin is forced into its
shouldered hole 332 against the force of the spring 338 as the tray
is slid radially inwardly along the support member 320. When the
locating bosses 285 are aligned with one pair of the locating holes
321 the tray is cocked downwardly so that the bosses 285 extend
through the associated locating holes 321. At this juncture the
webs 284 of the tray are engaged along the face of the support
member 320 and the detent pin 336 is firmly engaged with the tray
body portion 280 to maintain the tray member in contact with the
support member 320. The bosses 285 cooperate with their respective
locating holes to enable the transmission of drive from the
rotatable support member 320 to the tray.
The drive mechanism 312 includes a reversible electric motor 340
having a gear reduction (not shown) connected to its rotor shaft.
An output shaft of the gear reduction (not shown) extends through
the frame base 264 and an output pulley 344 is connected to the
projecting end of the gear reduction output shaft. A drive belt 346
is reeved about the pulley 344 and the drum 322 so that drive from
the motor 340 is transmitted to the turntable assembly 310 and
thence to the individual trays supported by the turntable
assembly.
The containers 240 may be of any suitable construction but in the
illustrated embodiment are glass vials which fit snuggly into the
pockets 296. The containers 240 have a capacity of several
milliliters of fluid and each container is closed by a septum 241
which is carried by a removable cap 348.
An important feature of the invention resides in the ability of the
storage module 16 to receive from one to four trays of a large
number of support trays which may be loaded with sample containers
at locations remote from the actual location of the system. As an
example, the system can be a central analyzer system at which a
primary analyzer system serves a number of separate laboratories.
Sample trays can be loaded with sample and/or solvent containers in
the laboratories and forwarded to the analyzer system, thus
relieving the analyzer operator from the task of loading the sample
trays and recording the identity of each sample and its position in
the tray. Each of the trays is provided with indicia indicating the
identity of the tray, by a decimal number as well as indicating, by
decimal numbers, the identities of the individual pockets in the
tray. When the trays are loaded at their individual laboratories,
the personnel loading the trays need only record the tray or rack
number and the substance in each container along with the
associated pocket number. The operator of the analyzer need not be
involved in this process. In the preferred embodiment, the module
16 can handle up to four of 16 separate sample trays at any given
time.
The turntable assembly 310 moves the trays to position successive
container locations at the extraction station 250. Fluid in a
container at the extraction station is removed by a syringe-like
dipper tube assembly 352 (which is described in detail below) and
is directed to the injection module 14. The storage module 16
provides a container locating assembly which functions to precisely
align the containers at the extraction station with the dipper tube
assembly so that the dipper tube assembly is not damaged from being
advanced into engagement with a misaligned container.
The storage module also houses a fluid container identifying system
which functions to identify the container at the extraction station
by tray and pocket number as well as by whether the container is a
sample container or a solvent container. When a container has been
appropriately located at the extraction station and identified, the
dipper tube assembly 352 is operated to enter the container,
extract fluid from it, and direct the fluid to the injection module
14.
The container locating assembly comprises a locating cam structure
defined by the individual trays and a roller follower 360 which is
biased into engagement with the cam structure. The roller 360 is
supported by a lever 362 pivoted to the frame base 264 and is urged
into engagement with the associated tray by a tension spring 264
connected to the lever. Each of the trays 252-255 defines a
circumferentially extending generally sawtooth configured cam track
366 formed on its outer periphery adjacent the frame base 264. The
cam tracks each define a series of radially outer peaks 368 and
intermediate radially inner troughs 370. The roller 360 is urged
into engagement with the peaks and troughs as the trays are rotated
by the actuator 258. Each cam trough 370 corresponds to a
particular container pocket. When each container pocket is aligned
with the dipper tube assembly 352 the roller 360 is disposed in the
cam trough. The motor 340 is energized to rotate the turntable so
that a particular container is advanced to the extraction station
and is approximately aligned with the dipper tube assembly 352.
While the motor drives the turntable, the roller 360 rides along
the cam track 366. When the motor is deenergized at the approximate
desired container position, the roller is moved into the
corresponding trough of the cam track by the force of the spring
364. This movement of the roller causes rotation of the turntable
and the trays by the spring force and results in the container
being shifted into precise alignment with the dipper tube assembly.
The roller is capable of rotating the motor and gear reduction when
the motor is deenergized and thus eliminates the necessity of
sophisticated, complicated motor controls which might otherwise be
necessary to precisely locate the container pockets at
predetermined desired positions.
The container identification system comprises a container
identifying arrangement which ascertains the kind of fluid, i.e.
sample fluid or solvent, at the extraction station. When a sample
fluid container is located at the extraction station the system 10
is enabled to perform a complete purging and/or analysis cycle
utilizing the sample fluid. When a solvent container is located at
the extraction station the system 10 is automatically conditioned
to perform only a purge cycle to avoid the injection of the solvent
into the analyzer.
In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the containers 240
each cooperate with SPDT microswitches 382, 384 when the containers
are at the extraction station and the interaction between the
containers and the switch depends on whether the containers are
sample or solvent containers. Three different containers 240a,
240b, and 240c are illustrated in FIG. 2. The containers 240c, and
240b are representative of containers for solvent and sample fluid,
respectively. The container 240b carries a removable ring 380a
disposed about its cap 248 and spaced from the projecting end of
the cap. All of the fluid sample containers 240b are provided with
a ring 380a of the character described, and in each case the ring
is positioned remote from the projecting end of the container cap
348. The container 240a carries a removable ring 380b which is
disposed about the cap 348 at its projecting end. All of the
solvent containers 240b are provided with a similar ring 380b
disposed at the projecting end of the container cap 348.
When a given container is positioned at the extraction station 250
the container cap 348 is engaged by the operating arms of the
microswitches 382, 384 (see FIG. 3). When a sample fluid container
240b is at the extraction station, the ring 380a is engaged with
the arm of the microswitch 382 so that the microswitch 382 is
actuated by the cap ring 380a while the microswitch 384 is not
actuated. On the other hand, when a solvent container 240a is at
the extraction station, the cap ring 380b is engaged with the arm
of the microswitch 384 so that the microswitch 384 is actuated
while the switch 382 is not actuated.
When a container is not aligned with the extraction station or when
an empty pocket passes the station, neither of the switches 382,
384 is actuated. Alternatively, the rings 380a may be dispensed
with and a wash cycle pin 701 (FIG. 3) can be inserted in the holes
702 in the periphery of the racks 252-255 to indicate that the
particular location contains a wash material instead of a sample.
Pin 701 reacts with the lower microswitch 283 to indicate presence
of wash container. In this embodiment, both an indication of a pin
and a vial is necessary to initiate a wash cycle.
The container for the final sample to be analyzed in any given
series of analyses is provided with both a ring 380a and a ring
380b. Hence when the final sample is located at the extraction
station both switches 382 and 384 are engaged by the respective cap
rings 380a, 380b and both switches are actuated.
The switches 382, 384 are electrically connected to logic and
sequence controlling circuitry in the control module 22 so that
operation of the system can be governed in part by information
supplied to the control module from the switches 382, 384. If a
sample container is sensed at the extracting station the system
will perform a complete purging and analysis cycle. When the final
container is sensed, i.e. the container carrying both cap rings
380a and 380b, a purge and/or analysis cycle is completed by the
apparatus after which the system 10 is automatically shut down.
When a solvent container is detected and it is not desired to purge
the injection syringe with solvent the turntable continues to index
until a sample container is sensed. When a solvent is desired to
purge the injection, the control module 22 can be conditioned to
operate the turntable until a solvent container is sensed at the
extraction station after which the purging cycle is completed but
not an analysis cycle. The tray and pocket identifying arrangement
comprises a plurality of SPDT microswitches supported by the frame
body 264 adjacent the extraction station along a line extending
radially from the extraction station towards the turntable axis
315. Cam tracks are formed on each of the container trays. Each cam
track faces a respective microswitch and operates the microswitch
in such a way that identification of the sample tray and the
particular pocket at the extraction station is provided to the
control module 22. In the preferred embodiment, eight microswitches
401 - 408 are mounted on the frame base (see FIG. 1) and eight cam
tracks 411 - 418 are formed on each of the tray bodies 286 (see
FIGS. 4, 6 and 7). The cam tracks define lobes 420 projecting from
the tray bodies for engaging and actuating the respective
microswitches. The lobes are constructed to provide for binary
coded actuation of the switches. The tray 253 shown in FIGS. 4-7
happens to operate only the switches 401 - 404 and accordingly the
cam tracks 415-418 have no switch operating lobes. Removable cam
tracks 415-418 are used to identify up to 16 different racks.
The microswitches are electrically connected to a binary decoder in
the control module 22 and when the switches are actuated they
produce signals which identify the particular pocket located at the
extraction station as well as the identity of the tray at which the
pocket is located. The use of eight switches enables the
illustrated system to be used with 16 separate trays each
containing 15 sample pockets, i.e. the system is capable of
handling 200 different identities. The control module binary
decoder functions to identify the sample tray and pocket location
of each sample being analyzed by decimal numbers and provides
information to the computer and/or the recorder so that the data
relating to the analysis is correlated to the actual sample fluid
location and tray in the storage module 16. This information is
preferably printed out by the computer and the recorder in terms of
tray number and sample pocket location. The decimal identity of the
container location can also be displayed on an operator's console
if desired.
This feature avoids operator errors in identifying the sample
analysis results since the computer printout and/or the recorder
printout indicates the tray and sample pocket location of the
sample analysis results and these results can be compared with the
laboratory records indicating the samples which were placed in the
trays prior to the analysis.
While a single embodiment of the present invention has been
illustrated and described in considerable detail, the invention is
not to be considered limited to the precise construction shown.
Numerous adaptations, modifications and uses of the invention may
occur to those skilled in the art to which the invention relates
and it is the intention to cover all such adaptations,
modifications and uses which fall within the scope or spirit of the
appended claims.
* * * * *