U.S. patent number 3,850,521 [Application Number 05/365,279] was granted by the patent office on 1974-11-26 for electrophotographic copying apparatus.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Kalle Aktiengesellschaft. Invention is credited to Wolfram Saupe.
United States Patent |
3,850,521 |
Saupe |
November 26, 1974 |
ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC COPYING APPARATUS
Abstract
An electrophotographic copying apparatus including a
photoconductor, a charging station for the uniform electrostatic
charging of the photoconductor, an exposure station for the
image-wise exposure of the charged photoconductor, a developing
station for developing the photoconductor by means of toner
particles, a transfer station for transferring the toner image from
the photoconductor onto a copy material, a cleaning station for
removing residual toner from the photoconductor and a suction
device equipped with a filter, where the toner-laden air issuing
from the cleaning station is drawn off and the toner is separated
by the filter. The filter is positioned behind the cleaning station
and comprises at least two electrodes positioned opposite to each
other and arranged so that the air current carrying toner passes
between them. The electrodes may be rectangular, circular or
cylindrical in shape.
Inventors: |
Saupe; Wolfram (Mammolshain,
DT) |
Assignee: |
Kalle Aktiengesellschaft
(Wiesbaden-Biebrich, DT)
|
Family
ID: |
23438210 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/365,279 |
Filed: |
May 30, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
399/355; 15/1.51;
15/308; 134/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G03G
21/10 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G03G
21/10 (20060101); G03g 015/00 (); A47l 013/40 ();
B08b 007/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;355/15,3,14 ;134/1
;15/1.5,309 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Wintercorn; Richard A.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. Electrophotographic copying apparatus comprising
a. a reusable photoconductor,
b. a charging station for the uniform electrostatic charging of
this photoconductor,
c. an exposure station for the image-wise exposure of the charged
photoconductor,
d. a developing station for developing the photoconductor by means
of charged toner particles,
e. a transfer station for transferring the charged toner image from
the photoconductor onto a copy material,
f. a cleaning station for removing residual charged toner from the
photoconductor, and
g. a suction device equipped with a filter, where the toner-laden
air issuing from the cleaning station is drawn off and the charged
toner is separated by the filter, said filter being positioned
closely behind the cleaning station and comprising at least two
electrode surfaces opposite to each other which are so constructed
and arranged within the suction device in such a manner that the
air current loaded with charged toner passes between them, and at
least one of the electrodes is grounded and at least one of the
electrodes is connected to or capable of connection to a high
voltage source.
2. The copying apparatus according to claim 1, in which the
distance between the electrodes is substantially the same and the
electrodes are alternatively connected to one or the other of the
two poles of the high voltage source.
3. The copying apparatus according to claim 1, including a
mechanical safety filter arranged in the suction device behind the
electrodes in the direction of the air current.
4. The copying apparatus according to claim 1, including a wiper
for removing deposited charged toner particles from the
electrodes.
5. The copying apparatus according to claim 1, in which the
electrodes are in the form of concentric cylinders arranged one
within the other, with their axis corresponding to the main
direction of the air current.
6. The copying apparatus according to claim 5, in which the
electrodes are in the form of concentric cylinders arranged so that
their axis is horizontal, said cylinders being slit along the line
of their lowest generatrix, the wiper consists of a number of
brushes mounted for rotation around the axis of the cylinders, that
the brushes contact the cylinder electrodes along their
generatrices, and below the outermost electrode there is a vessel
for collecting the separated charged toner dropping through the
slits.
7. The copying apparatus according to claim 1, including stationary
wipers for said electrodes, said electrodes consisting of several
circular disks whose centers lie on a common perpendicular and are
mounted for rotation.
8. The copying apparatus according to claim 1, in which the
electrodes consist of several substantially rectangular plates
which are arranged parallel to each other.
9. The copying apparatus according to claim 1, in which the
cleaning station substantially consists of a rotatable roller
brush, the roller brush and the electrodes are arranged closely
adjacent in a common casing which has two openings, one of the
openings being closely adjacent to the photoconductor to be
cleaned, and the other being in connection with a suction
blower.
10. The copying apparatus according to claim 7, in which the
suction device is equipped with a transverse blower and the width
of the transverse blower and the width of the filter substantially
correspond to the width of the photoconductor drum.
Description
The present invention relates to an electrophotographic copying
apparatus comprising a reusable photoconductor, a charging station
for charging the photoconductor, an exposure station for the
image-wise exposure of the charged photoconductor, a developing
station for developing the photoconductor by means of toner
particles, a transfer station for transferring the toner image from
the photoconductor to a copy material, a cleaning station for
removing residual toner from the photoconductor, and a suction
device equipped with a filter where the toner-laden air issuing
from the cleaning station is drawn off and the toner is separated
by the filter.
In known electrophotographic apparatuses of this type, the toner
contained in the air drawn off is separated from the air current by
means of a labyrinth filter. This means that the toner is lost.
Moreover, such labyrinth filters increasingly lose in pressure with
an increasing degree of contamination. Therefore, the filters
require intensive maintenance and can be used only once.
In German Offenlegungsschrift No. 2,038,555, it has already been
suggested to avoid these drawbacks by charging the toner particles
with the aid of a corona discharge and then depositing them on a
surface from where they are removed by means of a scraper. In this
manner, it is possible to recover the toner from the air drawn off
from the cleaning station.
This apparatus also has some undesirable features, however. Due to
the use of sensitive corona wires in its construction, the
apparatus is expensive, its separating capacity is not very high,
and it involves the risk that individual particles of deposited
toner are fused by local heat action due to a strong discharge.
It is the object of the present invention to provide a copying
apparatus of the above described type equipped with a filter which
is characterized in that the filter is positioned closely behind
the cleaning station and comprises at least two electrode surfaces
which are so constructed and arranged within the suction device in
such a manner that the air current loaded with toner particles
passes between the electrode surfaces and that at least one of the
electrodes is grounded and at least one is connected to or capable
of connection to a high voltage source.
It was found that in a copying apparatus of this construction, a
very satisfactory cleaning of the air loaded with toner particles
is possible. In this apparatus, there is no need for a corona
discharge, and the residual charge of the toner particles
themselves is utilized for cleaning the air. Therefore, the toner
particles must be prevented from losing their residual charges
during their transport from the cleaning station to the filtering
device according to the invention, because otherwise the cleaning
action of the electrodes would be substantially impaired.
In order to completely purify the air drawn off from the cleaning
station and to prevent the air surrounding the copying apparatus
from being contaminated by toner particles, if the high voltage
source should fail, a mechanical safety filter is preferably
arranged in the suction device behind the electrodes in the
direction of the air current.
Although this mechanical filter has to be replaced from time to
time, its useful life is substantially longer than that of the
prior art filtering devices, because all the mechanical filter has
to do is to remove residual toner particles from the air already
cleaned by the electrodes.
Further, a wiper is preferably provided according to the present
invention in order to remove the toner particles deposited on the
electrodes. This wiper, which may be operated from the outside,
detaches the separated toner material from the electrodes so that
it drops into a collecting vessel. In this manner, not only the
toner is recovered, but at the same time a uniform cleaning effect
of the electrode surfaces is guaranteed. Standard constructional
elements may be used when the electrodes are in the form of
concentric cylinders arranged one within the other, with their axes
corresponding to the main direction of the air current. If the
cylinders are arranged with their axes horizontal and are slitted
along the line of their lowest generatrix, the toner deposited may
be removed by means of several brushes mounted for rotation about
the cylinder axis, the wiped-off toner dropping through the slits
into a tray placed beneath the outermost electrode.
A stationary wiper may be used when the electrodes consist of
several flat circular disks mounted for rotation around their
common median perpendicular.
The present invention will be described in more detail by reference
to the following embodiments shown in the drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic representation of an electrophotographic
copying apparatus according to the present invention, with the
toner separating device enlarged;
FIG. 2a is another embodiment of a toner separating device
according to the present invention;
FIG. 2b is a partial plan view of the embodiment of FIG. 2a;
FIG. 3a shows a toner separating device of the present invention in
which the electrodes are in the form of concentric cylinders;
FIG. 3b is a partial plan view of the device of FIG. 3a;
FIG. 4a shows another version of a toner separating device of the
present invention in which the electrodes are in the form of
concentric cylinders; and
FIG. 4b is a partial plan view of the device of FIG. 4a.
In the electrophotographic copying apparatus shown in FIG. 1, a
photoconductor drum 1 is provided with a uniform electrostatic
charge in a charging station 2. In an exposure station 3, the
charged photoconductor layer is image-wise exposed, and the
resulting charge image is developed in a developing station 4 by
means of toner particles. The toner image thus produced on the drum
1 is then transferred in a transfer station 5 onto the copy
material 6, e.g., paper.
In a cleaning station, generally designated as 7, the surface of
the photoconductor 1 is freed from residual toner still adhering to
it. For this purpose, a rotatable roller brush 9 covered with a
long-haired nap is arranged within a casing 8. This roller brush 9
may be rotated in the direction of the arrow, i.e opposite to the
direction of rotation of the photoconductor drum. By means of a
transverse blower 10 of the same width as the drum 1, air is sucked
into the casing 8 of the cleaning station 7. Thus, the air blast is
directed in a simple manner, with little loss of pressure. The air
supplied in this manner entrains the toner particles wiped off by
the brush 9 and carries them to the separating station 11 described
below.
Within the separating station, the casing 8 contains a special
filter. This filter comprises several circular electrode plates 12
which have a common median perpendicular and are arranged at
substantially the same distance from each other. The total width of
this electrode system also corresponds to the width of the
conductor drum. Thus, on its path from the photoconductor over the
cleaning brush, the filter and the transverse blower to the safety
filter, the air current always has the same width, measured
transversely to the direction of the air current. The electrode
plates 12 are alternatively connected to earth and to a high
voltage source (-6,000 V). The electrode plates of the separating
station 11 are mounted as closely as possible to the cleaning brush
9.
The electrode plates 12 are mounted on a common shaft and may be
rotated in the direction of the arrow 13 or in the opposite
direction, by means of a motor (not shown). Moreover, each of the
toner-accepting electrode plates is provided with a wiper 14 which
extends from the axis of rotation of the disk to its periphery. The
toner collected by such wiper 14 may drop into a vessel 15 disposed
beneath the separating device. If desired, the toner 16 collected
in said vessel may be used again.
In order to catch any traces of toner which may be contained in the
air and to guarantee that the toner does not escape into the air
surrounding the apparatus, if the high voltage source should fail,
a safety filter 17 is provided on the air-outlet side of the blower
10.
By its rotation, the brush 9 removes all toner particles still
present on the photoconductor drum 1. The air blast produced by the
blower 10 lifts these toner particles from the brush and carries
them between the electrode plates 12. Since the electrode plates
are arranged immediately adjacent to the brush, the toner particles
can not become discharged. The residual positive charge of the
toner particles causes them to be attracted by those plates which
are connected to the negative pole of the high voltage source 18.
Therefore, the toner particles deposit on these electrode plates.
By the rotation of the plates 12, the deposited toner particles are
seized by the wiper 14 and drop into the collecting vessel 15.
Toner particles still adhering to the electrode plates are conveyed
to the safety filter by means of the blower 10. The air issuing
from the safety filter is cleaned completely.
In the device shown in FIGS. 2a and 2b, the safety filter 17 is
arranged in front of the blower 10. In this case, the electrode
plates 12 are of substantially rectangular shape and the wipers 14
may be displaced in the horizontal direction, as indicated by the
arrow 19. The toner material drops into the collecting vessel
15.
In the separating devices 11 shown in FIGS. 3a/b and 4a/b, the
electrodes 12 take the form of concentric cylinders. In the
embodiment shown in FIGS. 3a and 3b, these cylinders are arranged
upright, i.e., their common axis extends in the vertical direction.
The toner-laden air to be cleaned enters the separating device in
the direction of the arrow 20. Each of the cylinders 12 is
connected either to the high voltage source 18 or to earth.
The toner deposited by the air current on the cylindrical
electrodes 12 is removed by means of a wiper 14 which rotates about
the axis of the cylinders. The toner wiped off drops to the bottom
section 15 of the flask-like separating station 11. The outer
cylinder jacket of the separating station 11 is provided with an
annular safety filter 17 by which any traces of toner still
contained in the air are held back.
The separating station 11 shown in FIGS. 4a and 4b corresponds to
the device shown in FIGS. 3a and 3b as far as the construction of
the electrodes is concerned. In this case, however, the electrodes
are arranged in such a manner that their common cylinder axis is
horizontal. Further, the electrodes are provided with slits 21
which for each electrode extend along the line of its lowest
generatrix. The wiper 14 pushes the toner particles deposited on
the electrodes to the slit 21. The separated toner drops through
the slits 21 into the collecting vessel 15. In this embodiment, the
safety filter may cover the whole front surface away from the air
intake side of the separating station 11, as is shown in FIGS. 4a
and 4b.
In the embodiments shown in the drawings, the distance between the
electrodes ranges from 5 to 50 mm. The voltage applied to the
electrodes is preferably in the range from -3 kV to -15 kV, when
the photoconductor is negatively charged. The air passing the
electrodes should have a speed of the order of 0.5 to 3.0 m/sec.
When using a separating station of the inventive construction 93
percent of the toner contained in the air current could be easily
recovered.
The following should be noted when selecting the distance between
electrodes: The distance of the electrode surfaces should be so
wide that at the voltage used during operation (i.e., -6 kV, for
example), spark-overs are reliably avoided. For this purpose, a
spark-over voltage should be considered which corresponds to
spark-overs between peaks and plates in air, because the surface of
the electrodes becomes relatively inhomogeneous when toner is
deposited thereon, so that the higher spark-over voltages between
plates can no longer be applied. This means that, although at a
voltage of 5 kV a distance between electrodes of 10 mm is
absolutely sufficient, distances between 30 and 40 mm should be
selected for a voltage of 10 kV. Of course, these values are
dependent on air humidity and atmospheric pressure.
* * * * *