U.S. patent number 3,849,809 [Application Number 05/239,952] was granted by the patent office on 1974-11-26 for drain with captive vandal-proof stopper.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Acorn Engineering Company. Invention is credited to Earl L. Morris, Theodore J. Sally.
United States Patent |
3,849,809 |
Morris , et al. |
November 26, 1974 |
DRAIN WITH CAPTIVE VANDAL-PROOF STOPPER
Abstract
This disclosure relates to a vandalproof, pop-up type fluid flow
control device which is held captive within the drain
passageway.
Inventors: |
Morris; Earl L. (Whittier,
CA), Sally; Theodore J. (Whittier, CA) |
Assignee: |
Acorn Engineering Company
(Industry, CA)
|
Family
ID: |
22904465 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/239,952 |
Filed: |
March 31, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
4/295 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A47K
1/14 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A47K
1/14 (20060101); A47K 1/00 (20060101); A47k
001/14 () |
Field of
Search: |
;4/286,287,288,295 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
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|
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|
46,157 |
|
Jan 1911 |
|
OE |
|
199,963 |
|
Jul 1923 |
|
GB |
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257,454 |
|
Sep 1926 |
|
GB |
|
569,590 |
|
May 1945 |
|
GB |
|
158,385 |
|
Mar 1957 |
|
SW |
|
Primary Examiner: Hornsby; Harvey C.
Assistant Examiner: Massenberg; Donald B.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Lofstedt; Ben E.
Claims
We claim:
1. A captive, pop-up fluid flow control device, said device being
non-removable from the drain opening adjacent to the fluid
containment side of the fluid container, which comprises:
a body having a drain passageway therethrough and an inlet end and
an outlet end;
a rim formed as an integral part of the body and disposed within
the drain passageway near the inlet opening thereto and projecting
inwardly towards the center thereof; thereby forming a fluid
shut-off seat;
means for connecting the inlet end of the body to the drain opening
in said fluid container;
a stopper having a central stem and a top and a lower portion,
wherein the top portion is engageable with the seat and the lower
portion being operable within the body and having a transverse
passageway therethrough;
means for spacing and guiding the lower portion of the stopper
within the body and the drain opening in such a manner as to allow
fluid communication between the drain opening and the fluid
container;
means for raising and lowering the stopper to move the top towards
and away from the seat;
a locking means adapted to be disposed within the transverse
passageway, whose length is greater than the diameter of the
opening in the rim wherein the ends of the locking pin are disposed
beneath said rim and maintained therebeneath by the guiding and
spacing means whereby the complete withdrawal of the lower portion
of the stopper from the drain inlet is prevented; and
means within the body for passing the locking pin therethrough
whereby the locking pin may be installed in the transverse
passageway; and
means for supporting the ends of the locking pin disposed in the
transverse passageway whereby said stopper may be maintained and
disengaged from the seat after the top of the stopper is moved away
from the seat, thereby placing the drain opening in fluid
communication with the drain passageway.
2. A fluid flow control device, said device being nonremovable from
the fluid containment side of a fluid container having a drain
opening with a surrounding fluid seat, said device comprising:
a body having a drain passageway therethrough, said body being
secured to the drain opening of said fluid container;
a stopper having an upper and a lower portion, wherein said upper
portion is engageable with the seat and said lower portion is
disposed within said body, said lower portion comprising a central
stem having a transverse passageway extending therethrough adjacent
one end and at least one guide extending radially therefrom;
a locking pin disposed within the transverse passageway, said pin
having a length greater than the diameter of the drain opening,
whereby said stopper is prevented from being completely removed
from said body through the drain opening; and
means disposed within said body for supporting the ends of said
pin, whereby said upper portion of said stopper can be supported in
spaced relationship to the seat means secured to said body in
complementary relationship to said pin, said means adapted to
permit and pin to be inserted within the transverse passageway of
said stem when said lower portion of said stopper is disposed
within said body.
3. A fluid flow control device in accordance with claim 2, wherein
said means for supporting the ends of said pin comprises a pair of
arcuate members secured to the inner wall of said body in coplanar
spaced relationship, said members having an inner diameter greater
than the locus of said guide and less than the length of said
pin.
4. A fluid flow control device in accordance with claim 2, wherein
said upper portion comprises:
a circular head;
a depending portion having a diameter less than the diameter of
said head and said guide; and
a washer disposed about said depending portion in sandwiched
relationship between said head and said guide, whereby said washer
is adapted to sealingly engage the seat of the drain opening when
the ends of said pin are disposed below said supporting means.
5. A fluid flow control device in accordance with claim 2, wherein
said means comprises:
a boss having an axial bore extending outwardly from the external
wall of said body, the bore having a diameter greater than that of
the minor axis of said pin, whereby said pin is inserted through
the bore into the transverse passageway of said stem within said
body, and
means for sealing the bore of said boss to prevent the passage of
fluids therethrough.
6. A fluid flow control device in accordance with claim 2, wherein
said stopper comprises:
a central stem;
a plurality of spaced guides extending radially from said stem;
a knob secured to one end of said stem; and
a substantially circular head extending radially from said stem
intermediate said knob and said guides.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention is in the field of drains with captive pop-up type
fluid flow control devices.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Drain stoppers are well known in the prior art, and generally fall
into one of two categories. The first is a simple stopper which is
inserted in a drain when it is desired to prevent passage of fluid
into the drain from a tub, sink, or lavatory or any similar type of
emptyable container.
The second type is a valve arrangement built into the drain and has
an operating handle which moves a valve between an open and closed
position.
The present invention relates primarily to the latter type of drain
stopper.
In comparison with prior art devices, the present novel invention
offers many unique and substantial improvements over prior art
devices in terms of cost, ease of installation, operation and
maintenance. Most prior art devices are not held captive with
respect to the drain in such a manner as to be vandalproof.
Additionally, pop-up type drain stoppers in the prior art generally
involve the use of external and relatively complex and costly
operating linkages for controlling the position of the stopper or
drain valve. These external operating linkages increase the cost of
initial installation and frequently present continuing maintenance
problems.
When used in public institutions, schools, air terminals, gasoline
stations and the like subject to vandalism, it is extremely
important to have a relatively simple low-cost and captive drain
stopper which is simple to install, operate and maintain.
It is well known, for example, that such devices, as drain
stoppers, when installed in institutions or public places for the
convenience of the general public, are likely to be tampered with
or in some manner removed and carried away by vandals. Losses so
caused represent large sums of money and the replacement of the
fixtures often greatly exceeds their monetary value or the goodwill
generated by making them available to the public.
In addition, when such devices are installed in prisions or jails,
the problems associated with their removal are further compounded.
Not only may the plumbing facilities be rendered inoperative or
useless with regards to their former function, but when removed,
are likely to be used as tools or weapons. Since most durable
plumbing fixtures, such as pop-up drain valves or stoppers, are
constructed of relatively heavy metals, their potential use as a
weapon presents a very real and serious threat to others, and may
also be used to produce serious self-inflicted injuries as
well.
Consequently, such facilities must be designed so that they are
capable of enduring substantial punishment and abuse. Removal by
unauthorized persons must be virtually impossible. Yet, in spite of
all of these adverse factors, such facilities should be able to
endure and continue to function in a trouble-free fashion.
The present invention is directed to the elimination of the
hereinbefore mentioned problems which are typically associated with
similar devices found in the prior art.
The invention may be embodied in other specific forms without
departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The
present embodiment is therefore considered in all respects as
illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being
indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing
description, and all changes which come within the meaning and
range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be
embraced therein.
It is one important amd primary object of the invention to provide
a novel, improved drain and stopper combination which does not have
the disadvantages of the prior art devices as generally described
above.
A related important and primary object of the invention resides in
the provision for captivating the stopper within the drain so as to
prevent unauthorized removal.
Another object of the invention is to provide a simple and
inexpensive means of controlling the drainage of fluids from an
emptyable fluid container.
A further object of the invention is to provide a rugged,
captivated drain stopper for use in public institutions which will
withstand substantial physical abuse without rendering it
inoperable.
A still further object of the invention is to eliminate complex
external linkages for manipulating the position of the stopper
within the drain which necessitate additional unnecessary expense
and maintainence.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a novel combination which includes
a drain with a vandalproof, captive drain stopper. More
particularly, the invention relates to a drain stopper of the
pop-up variety which is held captive in relation to the drain by
means of a concealed locking pin passed through an aperture near
the extreme lower portion of the stopper body which extends into
the drain. The locking pin, having a length which is greater than
the diameter of the circular aperture in the bottom of the sink or
lavatory, in conjunction with the body of the stopper will not
permit the stopper to pass through the aperture. Thus, the stopper
is held captive in the drain.
Inside the bore of the drain are two or more essentially coplanar
and oppositely disposed shoulders shaped as arcs of a circle and
formed as part of the wall of the drain passageway.
To open the drain and thereby permit the fluids to flow into the
drain, the stopper is rotated coaxially within the drain to
position the locking pin beyond the inwardly protruding shoulder
segments, lifted above the shoulders, then rotated to once again
position the locking pin over the shoulders. When the stopper is
released from its uplifted position, the ends of the locking pin
come to rest upon the shoulder segments. As a result, the shoulder
segments support the stopper and maintain it in an uplifted
position thereby opening the drain and allowing the fluids to enter
the drain.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of the stopper and locking pin
assembly shown in a raised or drain position with partial sections
of the drain matingly engaged with the drain opening of a sink.
FIG. 2 is similar to FIG. 1 with the stopper shown in a closed
position and sealingly engaged with the drain opening of the sink
or fluid container.
FIG. 3 is a front elevational view on the line 3--3 of FIG. 8.
FIG. 4 is a top view on the line 4--4 of FIG. 2 showing the
disposition of the lower portion of the stopper and locking pin
assembly within the drain passageway.
FIG. 5 is a side elevational view of one embodiment of the
stopper.
FIG. 6 is a bottom view of the stopper shown in FIG. 5.
FIG. 7 is a side elevational view and partial section of another
embodiment of the drain and is shown matingly engaged, in section,
with the drain opening of the fluid container.
FIG. 8 is a vertical side view of the drain attached to the bottom
portion of the fluid container or sink.
FIG. 9 is a vertical backside view of the view shown in FIG. 8 and
depicting a portion of the fluid container and an end view of the
outlet of the drain attached thereto.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring now to FIG. 1, a drain unit, generally indicated at 10,
comprising a body 11 at the upper end of which is provided a flared
flange 12 adapted to be positioned in the drain opening 13 of a
fluid container or sink, generally indicated at 14, and disclosed
only partly, since the balance thereof may be in any form and is
well known in the art.
As illustrated in both FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, a drain 10 and fluid
passageway 15 are shown. Below the flared flange 12 and formed as
an integral part of the body 11, are two oppositely disposed,
inwardly extending and essentially coplanar support shoulders 16,
17, said shoulders 16, 17 being shaped in conformity with the inner
surface 18 of the passageway 15 which is generally circumferential
and lying in a plane which is essentially parallel to the plane of
the flared flange 12. Located immediately below the shoulders 16,
17 on the outer portion of the body 11, is an offstanding section
19. Said offstanding section 19 is formed as an integral part of
said body 11 and has a centrally disposed passageway 20
therethrough. Typically, said passageway 20 is threadably adapted
to matingly receive a bolt 21.
To maintain the body 11 in position in the drain opening 13, a
male, protruding flange 22 is formed rimming the drain opening 13.
The flared flange 12 is adapted to matingly receive the male flange
22 wherein the mating surfaces 23, 24 may be placed into intimate,
surrounding contact with each other. Said mating surfaces 23, 24
may be joined by the use of an appropriate adhesive or cohesive
bonding substance disposed therebetween, such as epoxy or glue. If
the materials used to form siad mating surfaces 23, 24 are metallic
in nature they can, of course, be joined by any of the
metals-joining processes which are well-known in the art, such as
welding, soldering or brazing.
After the surfaces 23, 24 are joined together, a portion of the
body 11 is typically attached, by any suitable temporary or
permanent joining means, to a support structure 25 which is
disposed in fixed relationship to the drain opening 13. In so
doing, during the process of attaching the drain end 26 to other
plumbing fixtures, the support structure 25 serves to absorb the
mechanical forces typically imparted to the fixtures during the
mating process, thereby preventing the tendency to cause separation
of the surfaces 23, 24 joined together.
In addition, some axial misalignment often exists between the
plumbing fixture and the drain end 26 prior to the joining of the
plumbing fixture with the drain end 26. If the two are joined while
temporarily aligned, after joining a bias force may be imparted to
the drain unit 10 which often tends to produce disconnection of the
surfaces 23, 24 joined together. By incorporating the use of a
support structure 25 attached to the drain unit 10, this bias force
is effectively prevented from being applied to the surfaces 23, 24,
thereby eliminating the tendency to disconnect the joined surfaces
23, 24.
As illustrated in FIG. 5, the stopper 27 comprises a central stem
23 at the upper end of which is a top or head 29. Extending
outwardly in a radial manner from said stem 28, are suitable guides
30, 46, 47, and 48. A centrally located, blunted protrusion, such
as depicted by the spherical knob 31, rises upwardly from the head
29 and serves as a means for operating the stopper 27, by raising
and lowering it within the drain body 11. A section 32 of the stem
28 which lies between the guides 30, 46, 47 and 48 and the head 29,
is stepped down to a diameter smaller than the diameter of the
circumferential locue established by the radial extremities of the
guides 30. An annular seal 33, which may be constructed of an
elastomeric and resilient material and illustrated in FIGS. 1, 2, 3
and 6, is disclosed in a surrounding, abutting relationship to the
stepped down section 32. The resilient seal 33 is retained in the
position shown by the combined cooperative effects of the elastic
nature of the material forming the seal 33 which acts to produce a
gripping effect when the seal 33 is stretched into position around
the section 32, and by the restriction of the guides 30, 46, 47 and
48 which protrude over a portion of the seal 33 when said seal 33
is installed into position as previously described and further
shown in FIG. 6. Near the lower end of the guides 30, 46, 47 and 48
portion of the stopper 27 is a passageway 34 which is bored
transversely through the stem 28.
In referring again to the seal 33, it is to be understood and noted
that while the annular seal 33 is preferably formed of resilient
and elastic materials it can be constructed of different materials
and still serve to effectively act as a fluid seal. It should also
be clearly understood that said seal 33 can be formed as an
integral portion of said stopper 27 and is not merely limited to
fabrication as a separate and distinct sealing element constructed
of resilient and elastic materials.
With continued reference to the drawings, it is clearly shown that
the stopper 27 is captively installed within said drain 10 by
inserting a locking pin 35 into the transverse passageway 20 in the
body 11. The locking pin 35 is aligned with the bore of the
passageway 34 and passed through the lower portion of the stem 28.
A washer 36 is generally placed over the threaded end of the bolt
21 afterwhich the bolt 21 and washer 36 assembly is threadably
mated with the threaded bore of the passageway 20 while
simultaneously driving the locking pin 35 further into the
passageway 15. By so closing the passageway 20, the washer 36 and
bolt 21 is useful in preventing fluid leakage during the draining
of fluids or preventing same in the event that the downstream
plumbing is blocked causing the fluid to back-up into the fluid
container or sink 14. Additionally, since the bolt 21 and washer 36
are not exposed or accessible to other than authorized personnel,
removal of the locking pin 35 by vandals or unauthorized personnel
is thereby prevented.
As illustrated in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the drain 10 is effectively
closed to the passage of fluids contained in the sink 14 by the
weight of the stopper 27, which is typically constructed of heavy,
durable metal, pressing downwardly against the annular seal 33 and
thereby urging said seal 33 into an abutting, sealing relationship
with the rim 40 of the drain opening 13 of the sink 14.
The drain 10 is opened by grasping the knob 31 and rotating it
coaxially within the drain 10 to position the ends 37, 3 8 of the
locking pin 35 beyond the oppositely disposed shoulders 16, 17.
After said stopper 27 is aligned in this manner, the stopper 27 is
lifted vertically in an upward fashion until the bottom surface 39
of the annular seal 33 separates from the rim 40 of the drain
opening 13 which is located at the bottom of the lavatory basin.
When separation occurs, the fluid seal formed by the seal 33
surrounding said drain opening 13 is destroyed thereby permitting
the fluids in the lavatory sink 14 to flow into the drain opening
13 and into the passageway 15 disposed therein.
The stopper 27 can be locked in an open position to thereby allow
continuous passage of the fluids from the basin 14 into the drain
10, by lifting the stopper 27 upwardly by its knob 31 until the
bottom surface 41 of the locking pin 35 is disposed above the upper
surfaces 42, 43 of said oppositely disposed shoulders 16, 17. After
the ends 37, 38 of the locking pin 35 are aligned in this fashion,
the stopper 27 is again coaxially rotated within the drain 10 until
the bottom surface 41 of said locking pin 35 is disposed above the
upper surfaces 42, 43 of the oppositely disposed shoulders 16, 17.
As the stopper 27 is released from its uplifted position, the
bottom surface 41 of the locking pin 35 is placed into an abutting,
contacting relationship with the upper surfaces 42, 43 of the
shoulders 16, 17. As a result, the shoulders 16, 17 serve to
support the locking pin 35, which, in turn supports the stem 28 and
maintains it in an uplifted position thereby opening the drain 10
and allowing the fluids to pass continuously thereinto.
Referring to FIGS. 1, 2 and 3, it may be seen that if the ends 37,
38 of the locking pin 35 are disposed so as to place them below the
lip 49 of the rim 40, the stopper 27 and locking pin 35 assembly
cannot be withdrawn from the drain 10 beyond the lip 49 of the rim
40. The vertical guides 30, 46, 47, and 48 are disposed in
contiguous relationship to the shoulders 16, 17 to centrally space
the lower portion 50 of the stopper 35 within the passageway 15
whereby the stopper 35 is restricted from being tilted so far from
the axis of the passageway 15 so as to dispose the ends 37, 38 of
the locking pin 35 beyond the lip 49 of the rim 40. As a result,
the stopper 27 and locking pin 35 assembly is held captivated
within the drain 10.
It should be clearly understood that access to the bolt 21 and/or
the optional bolt 45 is restricted to authorized plumbers only,
and, therefore, the captive stopper 27 is rendered vandalproof. The
optional bolt 45 and washer 44 may be utilized in a threaded
receptacle 51 in a manner similar to that of the offstanding
section 19 and the bolt 21 and washer 36 assembly. When the bores
of the threaded receptacle 51 and that of the offstanding section
19 are oppositely disposed and aligned, the locking pin may be
removed following its installation in the transverse passageway 34,
by pushing it through the bore of the threaded receptacle 51 by
means of a punch or other appropriate tool.
It should be noted that numerous modifications may be made in the
preferred embodiment of the invention described above without
exceeding its scope. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 7, it is
obvious that the lip 49 of the rim 40 is functionally equivalent or
similar to the rim 50 formed as an integral portion of the body 11
and lying therein. To the extent that these modifications are not
expressly disclaimed in the appended claims, they are fully
intended to be covered therein.
Furthermore, it will be apparent from the foregoing that the novel
drain and captive stopper described herein may be employed in
applications other than discussed above. Such additional
applications are also fully intended to be covered in the appended
claims to the extent that they are not excluded therefrom.
* * * * *