U.S. patent number 3,845,415 [Application Number 05/403,348] was granted by the patent office on 1974-10-29 for channel diplexer wherein coupling apertures balance and cancel out undesired modes.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Nippon Electric Company, Limited. Invention is credited to Masaki Ando.
United States Patent |
3,845,415 |
Ando |
October 29, 1974 |
**Please see images for:
( Certificate of Correction ) ** |
CHANNEL DIPLEXER WHEREIN COUPLING APERTURES BALANCE AND CANCEL OUT
UNDESIRED MODES
Abstract
A channel diplexer composed of a semicircular waveguide and
cylindrical cavity resonators is disclosed. The diplexer is
characterized in that a plurality of coupling apertures are
provided in the common conductor wall between the waveguide and the
resonators to couple mutual electromagnetic energies at the
conductor wall so that at least one unnecessary resonant mode other
than the desired resonant mode in the cavity resonators is
prevented. This is accomplished by the mutual positional
relationship of the coupling apertures.
Inventors: |
Ando; Masaki (Tokyo,
JA) |
Assignee: |
Nippon Electric Company,
Limited (Tokyo-to, JA)
|
Family
ID: |
14274160 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/403,348 |
Filed: |
October 4, 1973 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
|
|
|
|
|
Oct 5, 1972 [JA] |
|
|
47-100447 |
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
333/135; 333/21R;
333/251; 333/174; 333/208 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H01P
1/163 (20130101); H01P 1/2138 (20130101); H01P
1/209 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H01P
1/209 (20060101); H01P 1/213 (20060101); H01P
1/16 (20060101); H01P 1/163 (20060101); H01P
1/20 (20060101); H01p 001/16 (); H01p 001/20 ();
H01p 005/12 () |
Field of
Search: |
;333/6,9,21R,73W,98M |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Gensler; Paul L.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Sughrue, Rothwell, Mion, Zinn &
Macpeak
Claims
1. A channel diplexer comprising:
a semi-circular waveguide adapted to receive n channel signals
having center frequencies f.sub.1, . . . f.sub.i.sub.-1, f.sub.i,
f.sub.i.sub.+1, . . . f.sub.n ;
at least two cylindrical cavity resonators having resonant
frequencies f.sub.i attached to the plane conductor wall of said
semi-circular waveguide;
the first of said resonators having a coupling aperture in its
external circular conductor end wall adapted to couple energy in
said resonator to an external output circuit; and
said plane conductor wall common to each of said resonators having
a plurality of coupling apertures for coupling and exciting the
desired TE.sub.011 mode in said two cylindrical cavity resonators,
said apertures being angularly positioned with respect to each
other to be balanced with respect to the electro-magnetic fields in
said semi-circular waveguide so that at least the TE.sub.311
undesired resonant mode is prevented from
2. The channel diplexer as recited in claim 1 wherein there are two
coupling apertures defining an angle of 60.degree. about the center
of the plane conductor wall common to each of said resonators and
at positions symmetric with respect to a plane normal to the
longitudinal direction of
3. A channel diplexer as recited in claim 2 wherein the centers of
the plane conductor wall common to said resonators are in the
vicinity of a line which is at a distance of one-fourth the
diameter of said waveguide
4. A channel diplexer as recited in claim 1 wherein all TE.sub.(2
l.sub.-1)mn undesired mode resonant are prevented from being
excited, where l, m, and n denote natural numbers, and wherein
there are two coupling apertures defining an angle of 180 degrees
about the center of the plane conductor wall common to each of said
resonators and at
5. A channel diplexer as recited in claim 4 wherein the centers of
the plane conductor wall common to said resonators are on the
center line of
6. A channel diplexer as recited in claim 5 further comprising a
second stage cylindrical cavity resonator attached to said first
resonator and having a coupling aperture in its external circular
conductor end wall adapted to couple energy in said second stage
resonator to an external output circuit, and wherein said coupling
aperture in said first resonator is on a line displaced 45.degree.
with respect to a line passing through
7. A channel diplexer as recited in claim 6 wherein the coupling
aperture in said second stage resonator is on a line displaced
150.degree. with respect to the line through the coupling aperture
in said first resonator.
8. A channel diplexer comprising:
a semi-circular waveguide adapted to receive n channel signals
having center frequencies f.sub.1, . . . f.sub.i.sub.-1, f.sub.i,
f.sub.i.sub.+1, . . . f.sub.n ;
at least two cylinderical cavity resonators having resonant
frequencies f.sub.i attached to the plane conductor wall of said
semi-circular waveguide;
the first of said resonators having a coupling aperture in its
external circular conductor end wall adapted to couple energy in
said resonator to an external output circuit; and
said plane conductor wall common to each of said resonators having
two coupling apertures for coupling and exciting the desired
TE.sub.211 mode in said two cylindrical cavity resonators and for
balancing and cancelling the undesired TE.sub.011 mode, said two
coupling apertures defining an angle of 90.degree. about the center
of the plane conductor wall common to each of said resonators and
at positions symmetric with respect to a plane
9. A channel diplexer as recited on claim 8 wherein the centers of
the plane conductor wall common to said resonators are in the
vicinity of a line which is at a distance of one-fourth the
diameter of said waveguide from the center line of said plane
conductor wall.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a channel diplexer for use in the
ultrahigh frequency band, and more particularly to a channel
diplexer composed of a semicircular waveguide and cylindrical
cavity resonators.
2. Description of the Prior Art
In the ultrahigh frequency multiplex transmission of multiple
channel signals by the use of, for example, a circular waveguide,
the channel diplexer is employed as means to branch out various
channel signals, or conversely, combine them at a terminal office,
a repeater equipment and so forth. The semicircular waveguide has
hitherto been used in the channel diplexer on the grounds that it
is easily connected to the circular waveguide as a transmission
line, that it is comparatively less lossy than other forms of
waveguides, and that it is easily adapted to the connection with
the resonators. As the resonators to be coupled to the semicircular
waveguide so as to constitute the channel diplexer device, the use
of the cylindrical cavity resonators has heretofore been proposed
on the grounds that the cylindrical shape can achieve a higher
unloaded Q than other shapes such as rectangular ones and that it
is comparatively easy to manufacture.
Since, however, the cylindrical cavity resonator is a multimode
resonator, a number of undesired resonant modes are essentially
present besides a resonant mode in use. When cylinrical cavity
resonators are used in the channel diplexer device, the presence of
the undesired resonant modes results in the crosstalk of the other
channel components to the particular channel in use and in the
attenuation of other channels which are to be subsequently branched
thereby causing very adverse effects on the transmission of the
various channel guides.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a
diplexer of the type composed of a semicircular waveguide and
cylindrical cavity resonators wherein crosstalk of other channel
components to the particular channl in use and the attenuation of
other channels which are to be subsequently branched are
avoided.
The foregoing and other objects of the invention are attained by
providing within a diplexer composed of a semicircular waveguide
and cylindrical cavity resonators a plurality of coupling apertures
in the common conductor wall between the waveguide and the
resonators to couple mutual electromagnetic energies at the
conductor wall so at least one unnecessary resonant mode in the
cavity resonators is prevented. This is accomplished by the
particular mutual positional relationship of the coupling apertures
depending on the resonant mode it is desired to suppress.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The specific nature of the invention, as well as other objects,
aspects, uses and advantages thereof, will clearly appear from the
following description and from the accompanying drawings, in
which:
FIGS. 1(a) and 1(b) are a perspective view and a sectional view,
respectively, or a part for branching a single channel signal in an
example of a prior-art channel branching device.
FIGS. 2(a) and 2(b) are a perspective view and a sectional view,
respectively, of a part for branching a single channel signal in an
embodiment of the present invention.
FIGS. 3(a) and 3(b) are a perspective view and a sectional view,
respectively, of a part for branching a single channel signal in
another embodiment of the channel branching device according to the
present invention.
FIGS. 4(a), 4(b), 4(c) and 4(d) are a perspective view, a top view,
and sectional views, respectively, of a part for branching a single
channel signal in a further embodiment of the present
invention.
FIGS. 5(a) and 5(b) are a perspective view and a sectional view,
respectively, of a part for branching a single channel signal in a
still further embodiment of the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring now to the drawings, FIGS. 1(a) and 1(b) illustrate an
example of a prior-art channel diplexer device which functions to
branch a single channel signal. It is composed of a TE.sub.01
mode-semicircular waveguide (hereinbelow, simply termed the
TE.sub.01 waveguide) and TE.sub.011 mode-cylindrical cavity
resonators (hereinafter, simply termed the TE.sub.011 cavities).
While the adverse effect of the undesired resonant modes in the
example will be described hereunder, it will be understood that a
similar adverse effect arises in the combination of the
semicircular waveguide and the cylindrical cavity resonators using
any different mode. Here, the TE.sub.01 waveguide has the shape of
one of two parts obtained by dividing a TE.sub.01 mode-circular
waveguide at a diameter thereof, and is comparatively low in loss.
The TE.sub.011 cavity has the advantage that the unloaded Q is high
owing to the nature of the particular electromagnetic field, and
that some structural discontinuities between a cylindrical
conductor wall and circular conductor walls does not lead to large
loss. The TE.sub.01 waveguide 101 and TE.sub.011 cavities 102 and
103 have mutual electromagnetic energies coupled through coupling
apertures 108 and 110 which are respectively provided in common
conductor walls 105 and 107 forming parts of a plane conductor wall
104 of the waveguide. The TE.sub.011 cavity 102 has a coupling
aperture 109 provided also in a circular conductor wall 106, and
the cavity is adapted to be connected to an external output circuit
through the coupling aperture. Now, it is assumed that n channel
signals having center frequencies f.sub.1, . . . f.sub.i.sub.-1,
f.sub.i, f.sub.i.sub.+1, . . . f.sub.n are introduced into the
TE.sub.01 waveguide 101, and that the TE.sub.011 cavities 102 and
103 resonate at the frequency f.sub.i. Then, the TE.sub.011 cavity
102 allows only a channel signal of frequency f.sub.i to pass,
while the TE.sub.011 cavity 103 stops only the signal of f.sub.i,
so that among the n channel signals introduced, only the signal of
the center frequency f.sub.i is branched via the coupling aperture
109 to the external circuit.
As illustrated in the sectional view in FIG. 1(b), however, the
coupling apertures 108 and 110 are respectively provided on radii
of the cavities in the common conductor walls 105 and 107 and in
the vicinity of the center line of the plane conductor wall 104,
thereby coupling axial magnetic fields at the center of the
TE.sub.01 waveguide and radial magnetic fields of the TE.sub.011
cavities. As a consequence, all the unnecessary resonant modes
having magnetic field components in the radial direction are
excited. For example, the unnecessary resonance of the resonating
TE.sub.311 mode existent in the upper side-band of the resonating
TE.sub.011 mode is especially conspicuous, and extensively lies
within the band of the frequencies f.sub.i.sub.+1, . . . f.sub.n of
the higher frequency channels. It branches also the signals within
the band through the TE.sub.011 cavity 102, and simultaneously
causes heavy losses in the channel signals which are to be
subsequently branched for each of the different channels. In this
manner, the unnecessary resonance produces such a marked adverse
effect that the channel diplexer is not usable for multiplex
transmission systems.
It is a matter of course that the adverse effect of the undesired
resonant modes is not peculiar to the use of the TE.sub.011
cavities, but that a quite similar result is brought about in the
case of employing cavity resonators of any other mode. The
prior-art channel diplexer device employing cylindrical cavity
resonators has therefore been subject, in spite of many merits of
the cylindrical cavity resonators themselves to the limitation,
which might be fatal to the channel branching device for multiplex
communication systems, that it can be used only in a frequency
range where no adverse effect of the undesired resonant modes is
seen or in a very narrow frequency range.
The present invention solves this problem fundamentally, and
provides a channel diplexing device in which the generation of
undesired resonant modes is prevented by the use of a plurality of
coupling apertures balanced with respect to electromagnetic fields,
whereby an excellent characteristic free from the adverse effect of
the undesired resonant modes is exhibited over a wide frequency
range. It will now be described in detail with reference to the
accompanying drawings.
FIGS. 2(a) and 2(b) illustrate that part in an embodiment of the
present invention which branches a single channel signal.
TE.sub.011 cavities 202 and 203 are coupled to the TE.sub.01
waveguide 201 through coupling apertures 208, 209 and 211, 212
which are provided in the common conductor walls 205 and 207
forming parts of the plane conductor wall 204, respectively. Since
the TE.sub.011 cavities 202 and 203 resonate at the center
frequency f.sub.i of an identical channel, only the channel signal
of the center frequency f.sub.i among a group of channels conducted
to the TE.sub.01 waveguide 201 is stopped by the TE.sub.011 cavity
203 and passes through the TE.sub.011 cavity 202, to be branched to
an external output circuit through a coupling aperture 210 provided
in a circular conductor plate 206.
Consider the undesired resonating TE.sub.311 mode producing the
greatest adverse effect in the example of the prior art shown in
FIGS. 1(a) and 1(b). The radial magnetic fields of this unnecessary
resonant mode on the common conductor wall 205 exist at every
60.degree. in the circumferneital direction. In addition, the
adjacent radial magnetic fields with the interval of 60.degree. are
opposite in sense to each other with respect to the center. In
contrast, the magnetic fields of the resonating TE.sub.011 mode are
radially existent on the common conductor wall 205, under the state
where they are uniform in the circumferential direction and where
all of them are of the same sense in the radial direction.
On the other hand, the magnetic fields of the TE.sub.01 mode within
the TE.sub.01 waveguide 201 as appear on the plane conductor wall
204 are existent in the shape of rings on both sides of, and
symmetrically with respect to, the axis of the waveguide. As shown
in FIG. 2(b), the two apertures are provided in the common
conductor wall 205 radially in a manner to define an angle of
60.degree. about the center of the common conductor wall 205 and at
positions symmetric with respect to a plane normal to the
longitudinal direction of the TE.sub.01 waveguide 201. The centers
of the common conductor walls 205 and 207 are set in the vicinity
of a line which is at a distance of D/4 (where D denotes the length
of the chordal part of the cross section of the semicircular
waveguide) from the center line of the plane conductor wall
204.
The coupling apertures 208, 209, 211 and 212 are provided in
sections of the common conductor walls as lie between the center
line of the plane conductor wall 204 and the line distant by D/4
therefrom. On the basis of the symmetry of magnetic fields, the
coupling apertures may of course be provided radially from the
centers of the common conductor walls in sections which lie between
an end of the plane conductor wall 204 and the line lying apart by
D/4 from the center line of the same wall. The coupling aperture
210 may be provided at any position in the circular conductor wall
206 insofar as the signal of the branched frequency can be coupled
to the external circuit in matched condition.
By shaping the coupling apertures 208 and 209 into slots extending
radially, those components of the ring-shaped magnetic fields on
the plane conductor wall 204 of the TE.sub.01 waveguide 201 which
exist along the coupling apertures 208 and 209 can be brought into
the state in which they are in the same sense in the radial
direction. Therefore, notwithstanding that the resonating
TE.sub.011 mode having the magnetic fields of the same radial sense
is excited, the resonating TE.sub.311 mode of radially different
sense cannot be excited. Of course, quite the same situation
applies with respect to the common conductor wall 207 and the
coupling apertures 211 and 212.
The undesired resonating TE.sub.311 mode is not excited in either
the TE.sub.011 cavities 202 or 203 by balancing the two coupling
apertures electromagnetic field-wise in accordance with the present
invention. Thus, it will be appreciated that the coupling apertures
serve the dual purpose of coupling the TE.sub.011 mode and of
balancing and cancelling out the undesired TE.sub.311 mode. The
channel branching device according to the present invention can
consequently achieve an excellent operating characteristic free
from the undesired resonant modes over a wide frequency range.
FIGS. 3(a) and 3(b) illustrate a part for branching a single
channel in another embodiment of the present invention. TE.sub.011
cavities 302 and 303 are respectively coupled with the TE.sub.01
waveguide 301 by coupling apertures 308, 309 provided in a common
conductor wall 305 and coupling apertures 311, 312 provided in a
common conductor wall 307. A channel signal stopped by the
resonance of the TE.sub.011 cavity 303 passes through the
TE.sub.011 cavity 302, and is branched to an external output
circuit through a coupling aperture 310 provided in a circular
conductor wall 306.
The two coupling apertures 308 and 309 are provided on a diameter
of the cavities in the common conductor wall 305 normal to the
longitudinal direction of propagation in the TE.sub.01 waveguide
301 and at positions opposite to each other with respect to the
center line of the conductor wall 304. In addition, apertures 308
and 309 have equal degrees of coupling, that is, they are balanced
in terms of the electromagnetic fields. The centers of the common
conductor walls 305 and 307 are set in the vicinity of the center
line of the plane conductor wall 304. As regards the position of
the coupling aperture 310, the same as in the coupling aperture 210
in FIG. 2 applies. Here, those radial magnetic fields of the
undesired resonating TE.sub.311 mode and all the other undesired
resonating TE.sub.(2l .sub.- 1)mn modes (hereinafter, the letters
l, m and n denote natural numbers) on the common conductor wall 305
exist at every 180/(2l - 1).degree., and the adjacent magnetic
fields with the interval of 180/(2l - 1) are in senses opposite to
each other with respect to the center, so that the radial magnetic
fields with an interval of 180.degree. are opposite in sense with
respect to the center.
On the other hand, the radial components of ring-shaped magnetic
fields on the plane conductor wall 304 of the TE.sub.01 waveguide
301 are in the same sense in the radial direction about the axis of
the waveguide. Accordingly, by coupling the respective radial
components to the TE.sub.011 cavity 302 by the two coupling
apertures 308 and 309 in the state where they are balanced in terms
of electromagnetic fields, the resonating TE.sub.011 mode whose
radial magnetic fields on the common conductor wall 305 are in the
same sense is excited, whereas all the unnecessary resonating
TE.sub.(2l .sub.- 1)mn modes including the unnecessary resonating
TE.sub.311 mode in which they are in the opposite senses are not
excited. Needless to say, quite the same relations hold as to the
coupling apertures 311 and 312 in the common conductor wall 307.
Thus, in accordance with the present invention, any undesired
resonating TE.sub.(2l .sub.- 1)mn modes are not excited, and a
channel diplexer device can be provided which has the preferable
characteristic of being free of the undesired modes over a very
wide frequency band.
Although, in the foregoing, both the cavity resonators for passing
and stopping have been exemplified as being of one stage, quite the
same effect can of course be achieved when a plurality of stages
are employed. By way of example, FIGS. 4(a) to 4(d) show a part for
branching a single channel signal in an embodiment of the present
invention in the case where TE.sub.011 cavities of two stages are
employed both for passing and for stopping. In FIGS. 4(b), 4(c) and
4(d), a TE.sub.011 cavity 405 and parts of the TE.sub.01 waveguide
401 close thereto are omitted since the shape is similar to that of
a TE.sub.011 cavity 404.
Referring to the figures, the TE.sub.011 cavities for stopping 404
and 405 are respectively coupled with the TE.sub.01 waveguide 401
by coupling apertures 416, 417 provided in a common conductor wall
410 and coupling apertures 418, 419 provided in a common conductor
wall 411. A TE.sub.011 cavity for passing 402 is coupled with the
TE.sub.01 waveguide 401 by coupling apertures 412 and 413 provided
in a common conductor wall 407, and is also coupled with a
TE.sub.011 cavity 403, similarly for passing, through a coupling
aperture 414 provided in the coupling conductor plate 408. A
channel signal stopped twice by the resonance of the TE.sub.011
cavities 404 and 405 passes through the TE.sub.011 cavity 402 to
reach the TE.sub.011 cavity 403, and is branched to an external
output circuit through a coupling aperture 415 provided in a
circular conductor wall 409.
The two coupling apertures which couple each of the TE.sub.011
cavities 402, 404 and 405 to the TE.sub.01 waveguide 401 are
provided, as in the case of the embodiment in FIGS. 3(a) and 3(b),
on a diameter of the corresponding common conductor wall normal to
the longitudinal direction of the TE.sub.01 waveguide 401 and at
positions opposite to each other with respect to the center of the
circular wall, and under the state where they are balanced in terms
of electromagnetic fields. In the respective TE.sub.011 cavities,
therefore, any undesired resonating TE.sub.(2l .sub.- 1)mn modes
are not excited at all. Consequently, there can be provided a
channel branching device which employs TE.sub.011 cavities in two
stages and in which the undesired resonant modes are not existent
over a very wide frequency band.
Furthermore, in this embodiment, the effects of the undesired
resonating TE.sub.2mn mode which has the greatest adverse effect in
undesired resonant modes other than the undesired resonating
TE.sub.(2l .sub.- 1)mn mode are prevented from becoming crosstalk
in the channel. More specifically, since those radial magnetic
fields of the undesired resonating TE.sub.2mn mode on the circular
conductor wall exist at every 90.degree., the circumferential
position of the coupling aperture 414 provided in the coupling
conductor plate 408 is set, as shown in FIGS. 4(c) and 4(d), so as
to be 45.degree. to the diametrical direction along which the
coupling apertures 412 and 413 are provided in the common conductor
wall 407. As a result, the resonating TE.sub.011 mode with the
radial magnetic fields being uniform in the circumferential
direction can pass through the TE.sub.011 cavity 402 at its
resonance, whereas the undesired resonating TE.sub.2mn mode cannot
pass. Therefore, the crosstalk due to the undesired resonance
cannot occur, and the channel branching device has a wider
bandwidth.
Furthermore, in accordance with this embodiment, regarding the
undesired resonating TE.sub.3mn mode exerting the greatest adverse
effect in the undesired resonating TE.sub.(2l .sub.- 1)mn modes the
excitation of which is restrained by the present invention, an
additional precaution is taken so that when the residual resonant
components are slightly existent, their crosstalk into the channel
is prevented. More specifically, since the radial magnetic fields
of the undesired resonating TE.sub.3mn mode exist at every
60.degree. in the circumferential direction, the circumferential
position of the coupling aperture 415 provided in the circular
conductor wall 409 is set, as shown in FIGS. 4(b) and 4(c), so as
to define an angle of 150.degree. to the position of the coupling
aperture 414 in the coupling conductor plate 408. Consequently, the
unnecessary resonating TE.sub.3mn mode cannot pass through the
TE.sub.011 cavity 403, and the crosstalk is effectively
eliminated.
In this embodiment, the crosstalk of the residual resonant
components of the undesired resonating TE.sub.2mn and TE.sub.3mn
modes is prevented by the circumferential positions of the coupling
apertures 414 and 415, respectively. Needless to say, however, the
crosstalk of any other undesired resonant modes can be prevented by
changing the positions of the coupling apertures 414 and 415
according to a required characteristic. The radial position of the
coupling aperture 414 in the coupling conductor plate 408 and that
of the coupling aperture 415 in the circular conductor wall 409 are
ones at which a distributed signal can be coupled in matched
condition. In the case where the number of stages of the cavity
resonator for passing is further increased, the crosstalk of more
undesired resonant modes or remaining resonant components can be
prevented by a similar procedure.
Moreover, in the structural aspect, this embodiment has the feature
that it is easy in manufacture. More specifically, with the
TE.sub.011 cavity, some structural discontinuity between the
cylindrical conductor wall and the circular conductor wall does not
lead to a heavy loss in characteristic owing to the nature of
electromagnetic fields. It is therefore possible, by way of
example, for the coupling conductor plate 408 to be produced so as
to be detached from the cylindrical conductor walls. The coupling
aperture 414 may then be positioned in the optimum condition by
moving the coupling conductor plate 408 and thereafter fixing it by
screws or the like. This also applies to the relation between the
circular conductor wall 409 and the cylindrical conductor wall of
the TE.sub.011 cavity 403, the relation between the plane conductor
wall 406 and the cylindrical conductor wall of each of the
TE.sub.011 cavities 402, 404 and 405, etc.
Although this embodiment has exemplified the case of employing the
TE.sub.011 cavities of two stages both for passing and for
stopping, quite the same effect can of course be achieved with an
arbitrary number of stages for the cavities of both the uses. As
regards the coupling apertures, although circular apertures have
been illustrated, it is apparent that the shape is not subject to
any restriction.
Although, in the above, the description of the present invention
has been made by taking as an example the case of employing the
TE.sub.011 cavities as the cavity resonators, it is apparent that a
similar effect is achieved in case of using cavity resonators of
different modes. Here, the case of using TE.sub.211
mode-cylindrical cavity resonators (hereinafter, simply termed the
TE.sub.211 cavities) will be exemplified. FIGS. 5(a) and 5(b)
illustrate a part for branching a single channel in an embodiment
of the present invention which employs TE.sub.211 cavities.
TE.sub.211 cavities 502 and 503 are respectively coupled with the
TE.sub.01 waveguide 5 01 by coupling apertures 508, 509 provided in
a common conductor wall 505 and by coupling apertures 511, 512
provided in a common conductor wall 507. A channel signal stopped
by the resonance of the TE.sub.211 cavity 503 passes through the
TE.sub.211 cavity 502, and is branched to an external output
circuit through a coupling aperture 510 provided in a circular
conductor wall 506.
When the TE.sub.211 cavities are employed, the resonating
TE.sub.011 mode exerts an adverse effect as the undesired resonant
mode conversely to the foregoing examples. Those radial magnetic
fields of the resonating TE.sub.211 mode on the common conductor
wall 505 exist at every 90.degree. in the circumferential
direction, and the adjacent radial magnetic fields with the
interval of 90.degree. are opposite in sense to each other with
respect to the center of the wall circle. Therefore, the coupling
apertures 508 and 509 are provided along a ring-shaped magnetic
field on one side with respect to an axis within the TE.sub.01
waveguide, and as shown in FIG. 5(b), radially in a manner to
define an angle of 90.degree. to each other with respect to the
central position of the common conductor wall 505 and at equal
degrees of coupling, that is, so as to bring coupled
electromagnetic fields into a balanced state. In this case, the
centers of the common conductor walls 505 and 507 are close to a
line which is distant by D/4 from the center line of the plane
conductor wall 504, the letter D denoting the length of the chord
of the cross section of the semicircular waveguide. Then, radial
magnetic fields excited within the TE.sub.211 cavity 502 by
magnetic fields within the TE.sub.01 waveguide 501 become opposite
in sense to each other in the radial direction with the angle of
90.degree. defined therebetween, since the coupling apertures 508
and 509 are along the ring-shaped magnetic field. As a result, the
unnecessary resonating TE.sub.011 mode whose magnetic fields extend
radially in the same sense in the radial direction cannot be
excited, and only the resonating TE.sub.211 mode whose magnetic
fields are of the opposite senses exists. This is also true with
the TE.sub.211 cavity 503.
By thus balancing the two coupling apertures coupled in terms of
electromagnetic field in accordance with the present invention, a
channel branching device having an excellent characteristic free
from the unnecessary resonant modes over a wide frequency range can
also be provided in the case of using the resonating TE.sub.211
mode. It is apparent that, using other resonant modes than the
resonating TE.sub.211 mode, quite equal effects can be similarly
attained.
In the foregoing embodiments of the present invention, there have
been described the cases of using the same resonant modes for both
the passing and stopping cavity resonators. However, the employed
resonant modes of both the cavity resonators have no correlation as
is apparent from the description, and it will be apparent that they
are respectively independent and quite arbitrary. Similarly, it
will be apparent that when each cavity resonator includes a
plurality of stages, the employed resonant modes of the respective
stages are arbitrary. Further, it will be apparent that when an
element different from the cylindrical cavity resonator and having
an equivalent operation is used for either one of the passing and
stopping cavity resonators, quite a similar excellent effect can be
achieved by applying the present invention to the other cylindrical
cavity resonator.
In the foregoing, the number of the coupling apertures between each
cavity resonator and the waveguide has been exemplified as two.
However, the number, shape, etc. of the coupling apertures are
determined by characteristics required for the channel branching
device, such as the half-power width problems, etc. It is needless
to say that insofar as a plurality of coupling apertures are
balanced in terms of electromagnetic fields, an equal effect can be
attained at quite an arbitrary number.
As set forth above, the channel branching device according to the
present invention employs cylindrical cavity resonators exhibiting
high unloaded Q characteristics and having hitherto brought about
undesired resonant modes having adverse influences, and can
accomplish an excellent operating characteristic free from the
undesired resonant modes over a wide frequency range. It is
therefore very advantageous when used in multiplex communication
systems in the ultrahigh frequency band, etc.
It will therefore be apparent that the embodiments shown are only
exemplary and that various modifications can be made in
construction and arrangement within the scope of the invention as
defined in the appended claims.
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