U.S. patent number 3,844,339 [Application Number 05/234,503] was granted by the patent office on 1974-10-29 for inflatable hall.
Invention is credited to Vladimir Kranz.
United States Patent |
3,844,339 |
Kranz |
October 29, 1974 |
**Please see images for:
( Certificate of Correction ) ** |
INFLATABLE HALL
Abstract
The present invention relates to an inflatable hall or bag
comprising a cover that is anchored in the ground and is under
superpressure on the inside. This inflatable hall is provided with
a covering made up of two superposed foils, with an air cushion
disposed therebetween, which is in communication with the
air-filled hall space through the inner foil. The amount of spacing
between the two foils can be adjusted by blower means and by
changing the permeability of the foil material to air. The
temperature of the air inside the hall and inside the space between
the two foils can be controlled by heating means and cooling means
being connected to the blower means.
Inventors: |
Kranz; Vladimir (8 Munich 23,
DT) |
Family
ID: |
25760828 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/234,503 |
Filed: |
March 14, 1972 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
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|
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Mar 19, 1971 [DT] |
|
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2113407 |
Feb 28, 1972 [DT] |
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2209376 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
165/46 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E04H
15/20 (20130101); E04H 15/22 (20130101); E04H
2015/204 (20130101); E04H 2015/209 (20130101); E04H
2015/206 (20130101); E04H 2015/203 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
E04H
15/20 (20060101); E04H 15/22 (20060101); F28f
007/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;165/46,50,49
;135/1 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Sukalo; Charles
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Hauke, Gifford, Patalidis &
Dumont
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. An inflatable hall comprising a covering anchored in the ground,
blower means maintaining said covering under inside positive air
pressure to provide an air filled hall spaced, said covering being
made up of an outer foil and an inner foil, said foils disposed
above one another, a supporting network of ropes extending in
criss-cross fashion and engaging the outer surface of the outer
foil to urge it toward the inner foil and to form a plurality of
pockets between the inner and outer foils and means communicating
said pockets through said inner foil with said air filled hall
space.
2. The inflatable hall as defined in claim 1 and in which said
foils comprise individual webs of material being airpermeable at
the welding seams, said welding seams of said inner foil comprising
said communication means, the welding seams in said outer foil and
the welding seams in the inner foil being arranged in a laterally
offset manner with respect to each other to promote air flow
through said pockets.
3. An inflatable hall as defined in claim 1 and in which the outer
foil comprises a relatively elastic material and said inner foil
comprises a relatively sturdier material than said outer foil.
4. An inflatable hall as defined in claim 1 and in which said
blower means includes temperature controlling means for selectively
heating or cooling the air supplied to said hall space and to said
pockets.
5. An inflatable hall as defined in claim 1 and in which said foils
are sealed from each other at the ground by sealing means and said
blower means is operable to blow air from inside the hall into the
space between said foils through said sealing means.
6. An inflatable hall as defined in claim 5 and in which the
sealing means of both of the foils comprise a common ground seal.
Description
Inflatable halls are known and are utilized, e.g., as covered
courts, warehouses and very generally as protective covering
against the influences of weather at construction sites, to wit
depending upon the type and property of the covering material
employed with or without network of ropes which takes on the
traction exerted by the inside pressure of the covering and also by
the outside wind pressure onto the covering foil.
In particular, these inflatable halls must be heated in the winter
and therefore require a good insulation, so that heating costs will
be kept within reasonable limits. The materials used so far for
such coverings, to wit thin plastic foils or stronger fabric foils,
with the latter being made up with regard to their strength such
that they can receive the traction forces influencing them without
a net having to be provided, leave much to be desired as far as
their heat insulation is concerned. However, when employing foils
of greater thickness there is the disadvantage of a greater weight
per unit area of the covering, so that the blower inflating the
inflatable hall will have to be more powerful. The rise in costs
entailed thereby is still augmented by the additional costs in
material on account of the thicker covering. On the other hand,
even if there is a sufficient heat insulation for cold weather
conditions, the air in the hall will then be excessively heated
again in the case of warm weather and intense sunlight, so that
such a hall must be provided in addition with a ventilation.
It is a main object of the invention to provide an inflatable hall
making possible with simpler means a better heat insulation from
cold, but also not only sufficient ventilation of the inside space
of the hall during the warm season, to wit in connection with
inflatable halls requiring a network as well as also in the case of
those not requiring such network.
A further object is to provide an inflatable hall of the above type
wherein the mutual spacing between the two foils can be adjusted in
order to influence the insulating effect.
Another object is to provide an inflatable hall of the above type
having means for ventilating the space between the foils in those
cases, in which the two foils are sealed at the ground separately
from one another.
An additional object is to control the temperature of the air
inside the hall and within the air cushion between the two
foils.
It is still a further object to arrange and build a blowing means
within or outside of an inflatable hall of the above type for
controlling air temperature and ventilation so that the operating
costs can be lowered successfully.
These objects are attained according to one aspect of the invention
in that the covering is made up of two superposed foils, with an
air cushion disposed therebetween, which is in communication with
the air-filled hall space through the inner foil.
Such an air cushion is provided on account of the fact that the
foils employed generally are gas-permeable, so that the air that is
diffused outwardly through the inner foil at first accumulates in
front of the inner surface of the outer foil before being diffused
therethrough to the open air. The air space thus resulting between
the two foils provides a very good heat insulation of the inside of
the hall without causing the inside of the hall to become too
greatly heated in the case of warm weather and much sunlight.
The mutual spacing between the two foils, by which the insulating
effect can be influenced, can be adjusted, according to a further
aspect of the invention, by changing the permeability of the foil
material to air. This can first of all be done basically in that
foils which have a different permeability to air to start with are
employed, in which regard a decrease in the spacing can be attained
on the one hand by reducing the air permeability of the inside foil
relative to the outside foil and, on the other hand, a decrease of
the spacing between the foils can be effected by increasing the air
permeability of the outside foil relative to the inside foil.
According to another aspect the desired change in air permeability
can be attained by vent openings which then are arranged in both
foils, but in a manner in which they are off set relative to one
another, so that the air in the hall must at least partially flow
over the surface of the inside foil in order to reach the open air
through the opening disposed in the outside foil, which provides
for a better ventilation of the space between the foils.
According to still another aspect further means of ventilating the
space between the foils is provided in those cases, in which two
foils are sealed at the ground separately from one another, to wit
two parallel seals are provided between which there is a gap. In
such a case the air can reach the gap from the inside of the hall
through the ground which usually is porous. Such a possibility is
not provided for when employing a single seal of the two foils on
the ground side.
According to still a further aspect of the invention another type
of ventilation of the space between the foils has proven good, in
which the feed pipe of the blower on the pressure side which
penetrates both foils is provided with an opening in the region of
the space between the foils, so that a portion of the air fed by
the blower into the inside of the hall can flow out into the space
between the foils before reaching the inside of the hall.
In such cases in which the foils are made up of a material which is
substantially not permeable to air and, as is usually the case, are
welded together of individual strips of material, a certain air
permeability is expected, or, respectively, provided at the welding
seams, so that the above indicated effect of the formation of an
air cushion between the inner foil and the outer foil is attained.
However, it has turned out to be advantageous to arrange in such
cases the welding seams of the one foil so as to be off set
relative to the other one, so that, similarly as in the case of the
openings provided in both foils, the air in the hall cannot
directly flow through the two foils.
However, the amount of spacing between the two foils can not only
be influenced by changing the permeability, but it can also be
influenced by employing materials of different elongation and
elasticity. If no netting is employed on the outer foil in order to
receive the traction forces, then the outer foil must at least
consist of a sturdy material, e.g., a coated fabric which receives
the forces transmitted from the inside hall pressure. In such a
case, the inner foil can likewise consist of such a sturdy
material, but it does not necessarily have to; considering that
such materials are relatively expensive, less expensive foils of
elastic and greatly extensible material are often employed, which
can, however, only be utilized together with a network of ropes
resting on the outer foil. Such network then provides the advantage
that it can urge the outer foil onto the outer surface of the inner
foil in the surface areas on which the rope strands rest, in which
regard the outer foil bulges between the meshes of the network, so
that relatively self-contained air spaces are defined between
individual meshes which make possible a good head insulation of the
hall space. Also in this case, the welding seams can again be
arranged off set from one another between the inner and the outer
foil, so that in the case of nontightness of said seams it is not
possible for the hall air to flow outwardly directly through the
superposed foils.
The invention will be more fully understood from the following
detailed description thereof when considering the accompanying
drawing wherein certain embodiments of the invention are
illustrated by way of example and in which:
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of an inflatable hall consisting of two
foils
FIG. 2 is a view similar to that in FIG. 1, but with the two foils
being provided with vent openings
FIG. 3 is a sectional view of an inflatable hall consisting of two
foils, with a network of ropes being provided on the outer foil
FIG. 4 is an outside view of the inflatable hall shown in FIG.
3
FIG. 5 is an outside view of an inflatable hall consisting of two
foils, with the welding seams of the two foils being shown and
FIG. 6 is a sectional view similar to that of FIGS. 1 or 2, with
the arrangement of a blower being shown which feeds the inside of
the hall as well as also the space between the foils with air.
The inflatable hall shown in FIG. 1 comprises for heat insulation
an outer foil 3 and an inner foil 4, which are arranged at a
spacing A from one another. An air cushion is provided between both
foils, which is defined by the air diffused from the inside of the
inflatable hall to the outside through both foils. A blower (not
shown) maintains a positive air pressure in the hall. The two foils
consist of one or more porous, to a certain extent air-permeable
materials and are anchored in the ground 2. Each foil is provided
with a seal 17, 18 at the anchoring locations. The air flowing
outwardly through the inner foil accumulates in front of the inner
surface of the outer foil before it likewise passes through said
foil and thereby causes a lifting of the outer foil from the
surface of the inner foil. In this manner an approximately constant
spacing A between the two foils is provided upon otherwise constant
operating conditions. The air cushion thus formed between both
foils provides for a sufficient heat insulation leading to a
considerable reduction in heating costs when such halls are
operated in the cold season, be it as hall for sports, as warehouse
or as halls at construction sites.
The two foils of the inflatable hall 1, in which no network of
ropes is employed on the outer foil in order to receive the
traction forces acting on said foil, are either made up of the same
or of different materials, the strength of which is so great that
no network is required for receiving these forces.
Such materials, e.g., are plastic-coated cloths. If different
materials are employed for the two foils, they may differ as
regards essential properties, such as elasticity and porosity. In
every case the air diffused from the inside to the outside
according to the pressure drop lifts the outer foil from the inner
foil, so that the said air cushion is defined. The spacing A
between both foils in that regard depends, however, upon the type
and property of the foil materials employed. This provides the
possibility to adjust said spacing within certain limits. For if it
is be desired to increase the spacing, this can be attained in that
the gas-permeability of the inner foil relative to that of the
outer foil is increased. On the other hand, a reduction in spacing
between both foils is attained by increasing the air-permeability
of the outer foil with respect to the inner foil.
As already mentioned, the air-permeability of the two foils can be
changed by employing foil materials of different porosity, but it
can also be effected in that, according to FIG. 2, vent openings 5,
6 are provided either in the one or in the other foil or in both
foils, which openings are adapted to be opened and closed e.g. by
means of flaps 15, 16 or slides. Such vent openings should be
arranged in the foils in such a manner that the air cannot directly
pass through both foils, i.e. they are to be off set relative to
one another as shown in FIG. 2, so that the air emerging through
the vent opening 5 will at first have to flow in the space between
the foils in order to attain a vent opening 6 in the outer foil.
This provides for an additional ventilation of the air space
between both foils effecting a better cooling of the hall in
particular in summer, because it prevents the air from becoming to
greatly heated in the space between the foils.
In the embodiment depicted in FIG. 2 only a single seal 19 is
employed for sealing both the foils from the ground, so that in
contrast to the sealing of both foils as shown in FIG. 1, there is
no space on the ground between the foils into which air from the
inside of the hall can diffuse. This possibility is indicated in
FIG. 1 by the arrow. This provides for a further possibility of
ventilating the space between the foils, which may be employed
either alone or in connection with the above indicated vent
openings or the porous properties of the foils.
Moreover, the space between the foils can be fed with air, as shown
in FIG. 6, with the aid of a separate outlet opening 22, on the
pressure line of a blower 2o, so that only a portion of the air fed
by the blower 2o flows into the inside of the hall through the
outlet opening 21. As will be apparent later the blower 20 can be
equipped with heating and cooling means 27. In such a case, the
inner foil 4 can be relatively gas-tight, since the air required as
air cushion is not taken from the inside of the hall.
If in such cases in which the outer foil and the inner foil or only
the outer foil consist of a relatively expansible, elastic
material, thus, e.g., not of a plastic-coated web of fabric, a
network of ropes is placed in known manner onto the covering in
order to receive the traction forces transmitted to the covering,
such as shown in FIG. 3, bulging in the outer foil result between
the meshes of the rope strands 7 when employing a covering
consisting of the two foils 3, 4, with the outside view thereof
being shown in FIG. 4, in which regard the network of ropes is
designated by 8. The greatest spacing of these individual bulgings
24 is adjustable in the above indicated manner just as the spacing
A, that is by the selection of different foil properties, by
providing vent openings, by non-tightness on the ground side
between the sealing elements or directly by branching the air from
the blower. The three last mentioned possibilities are proffered
particularly in a case where the outer foil is not urged into close
contact with the surface of the inner foil by the network. However,
if this is the case, that is if the outer foil securely rests with
its inner side on the outer surface of the inner foil in the region
of the rope strands 7 as shown at 23 in FIG. 3, relatively closed,
gas-tight bulged chambers 24 result between the individual meshes
of the net. This type of construction of the covering then has the
result that there is not ventilation between the adjacent bulged
chambers 24 on account of the good sealing of the foils disposed
over one another, so that self-contained gascushions are defined
that entail a good heat insulation. Because of the fact that the
foil materials employed for the design as according to FIG. 3 are
considerably less expensive than the materials required for the
designs as according to FIGS. 1 and 2, the production costs of an
inflatable hall as according to FIG. 3 are considerably lower
without good insulating properties having to be renounced, which
must be attained in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. The
network of ropes employed thus does not only take on the job of
receiving traction forces in the cases in which relatively elastic,
extensible foil materials are employed for the covering, but it
also fullfills a mechanical sealing function in that it can urge
the outer foil onto the inner foil, so that the relatively closed
bulged chambers 24 as shown in FIG. 3 result.
As mentioned above, the air passage through the foils can also be
attained via the welding seams which hold together the individual
webs of material. These welding seams usually are air permeable in
a case where they have not been precisely applied during the
welding process. They may also be intentionally produced to be
untight.
If the air-permeability of the two foils 3, 4 is attained through
the welding seams, these seams, as shown in FIG. 5, should not be
arranged directly above one another, so that the air cannot
directly flow from the inner foil through the outer foil. As may be
gathered from FIG. 5, the vertical and horizontal welding seams 9,
1o in the outer foil 3, are arranged off set relative to the
vertical and horizontal welding seams 11, 12 in the inner foil 4,
so that also the points of intersection 13, 14 of the individual
welding seams show a corresponding lateral spacing from each other,
thus providing for the circulation of air similarly as in the
embodiment shown in FIG. 2. Thus it is possible in this manner to
at first laterally deflect the air entering into the space through
the inner foils 4 and to guide it along in the space before it
diffuses through the outer foil 3 at the next-following welding
seams.
FIG. 3 shows the off set arrangement of the welding seams of the
outer foil and the inner foil at 25 and 26, from which it follows
that also in such cases in which the outer foil is urged against
the inner foil in the region of the network of ropes, the air from
the hall cannot directly flow through the welding seams of the
foils disposed above one another.
The novel inflatable hall thus is primarily characterized by good
heat insulation in the cold season and, moreover, makes possible
better cooling of the hall, upon a particular design of the two
foils, in the warm season by ventilation of the space between the
foils.
The outside air blown into the space between the foils via opening
22 e.g. with the aid of a second blower-pressure pipe may be
utilized, as may be gathered from FIG. 6, not only for maintaining
the spacing that is provided between both foils, but may also be
utilized for controlling the spacing, and, furthermore, for
tempering the air provided in the space between the foils.
It is necessary to temper said air in particular in a case where
the outer foil is made up of a material aiding in heating the air
cushion disposed in the space between the foils primarily in the
case of much sunlight in summer. In this case, the temperatures
within the inner space of the hall also rise to intolerable values.
In winter, on the other hand, it may be desired to heat the space
between the foils so as to remove snow and ice from the outer
surface of the hall.
Therefore, it has turned out to be of advantage to cool the air
stream produced by the blower which as indicated above includes
means for cooling the air and to blow cooled air to the inside of
the hall, with the inner foil, which in many cases is provided with
an air outlet opening that is adapted to be closed and leads
directly to the open, being tightly closed while simultaneously an
air stream is blown into the space between the foils, which air
stream is of a temperature that corresponds to the outside
temperature. The cooling means may be arranged outside of but also
within the hall, with in the latter case the blower arrangement
operating according to the recirculating air method, which means
that the air provided in the hall is constantly guided through the
cooling means and replaces only the relatively small amount of air
which is lost by possible non-tightness of the hall structure by
sucking-in air from outside.
The blower 20 as indicated above also includes heating means which
can be employed for heating the sucked-in outside air, or,
respectively, the circulating air, when the temperatures outside in
the winter time require heating of the air in the hall. However,
also in this case air from outside is usually blown into the space
between the foils, to wit primarily to save costs, since the
outside air that is blown in escapes to the outside again after a
short period of time through the vent slab provided in the outer
covering.
This application is intended to cover variations, uses, or
adaptations of the invention following, in general, the principles
of the invention and including such departures from the present
disclosure as come within known or customary practice in the art to
which the invention pertains, and as fall within the scope of the
invention or the limits of the appended claims.
* * * * *