U.S. patent number 3,844,281 [Application Number 05/402,720] was granted by the patent office on 1974-10-29 for customized mouthpiece retainer for an underwater breathing apparatus.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Farallon Industries Inc.. Invention is credited to Ralph B. Shamlian.
United States Patent |
3,844,281 |
Shamlian |
October 29, 1974 |
CUSTOMIZED MOUTHPIECE RETAINER FOR AN UNDERWATER BREATHING
APPARATUS
Abstract
The retainer portion of the mouthpiece of an underwater
breathing apparatus includes at least a portion made of a
thermoplastic material. The retainer is customized to the bite of
the user by heating the mouthpiece to render the retainer plastic.
The retainer, while plastic, is gripped by the teeth of the user to
form an impression of the users bite in the thermoplastic material
of the retainer. In one embodiment, the thermoplastic portion of
the retainer comprises only a sleeve of thermoplastic material
which is affixed over the conventional rubber retaining member. In
an alternative embodiment, the thermoplastic retainer is formed as
an integral molded portion of the mouthpiece.
Inventors: |
Shamlian; Ralph B. (San
Francisco, CA) |
Assignee: |
Farallon Industries Inc.
(Belmont, CA)
|
Family
ID: |
23593051 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/402,720 |
Filed: |
October 2, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
128/207.14;
128/862 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A62B
9/06 (20130101); B63C 11/186 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B63C
11/02 (20060101); B63C 11/18 (20060101); A62B
9/00 (20060101); A62B 9/06 (20060101); A63b
007/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;128/147,136,14R,145A,351 ;32/19 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Gaudet; Richard A.
Assistant Examiner: Recla; Henry J.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A mouthpiece to be used in combination with underwater breathing
apparatus that supplies breathable gas to a subject through a
conduit, said mouthpiece comprising a pliable flange means for
insertion between the lips and the outer frontal surface of the
teeth of the subject, said flange means having a breathing hole
adapted to be connected in fluid flow relationship with the conduit
for passing the gas in a substantially unobstructed flow path into
the mouth and through the teeth of the subject, said flange means
extending on opposite sides of the breathing hole, a pair of tabs
connected to and extending substantially normal from the flange
means in a direction away from the conduit, said tabs being located
on opposite sides of the breathing hole and spaced therefrom, the
improvement comprising: means on each of said tabs for retaining
teeth, each of said teeth retaining means including means for
receiving only the several top and bottom teeth behind the front
teeth of the subject and being fabricated of a thermoplastic
material having sufficient thermoplasticity at elevated
temperatures which are compatible with the mouth of the subject for
gripping by the teeth of the subject while at such elevated
temperature and while in a thermoplastic state to form an
impression of the bite of the subject in the thermoplastic
material, such impression being retained upon cooling of the
thermoplastic material to human body temperature, whereby the
retaining means of the mouthpiece is customized to the bite of the
individual subject, the flange means being fabricated of a material
that is less plastic than the retaining means at such elevated
temperature, said retaining means being spaced from edges of the
breathing hole so as not to interfere with the flow of gas through
the hole into the mouth of the subject.
2. The mouthpiece of claim 1 wherein each of the tabs is an
integral part of the flange means, and each of said retaining means
is a retainer blank having an aperture into which the tab fits, the
tab holding the retainer blank to the flange.
3. The mouthpiece of claim 2 wherein each of said tabs has a
retaining flange at a free end thereof.
4. The mouthpiece of claim 3 wherein each of said tabs, flange
means and retaining flanges together are fabricated as an
integrally molded rubber part.
5. The mouthpiece of claim 1 wherein the teeth receiving means is
fabricated from ethylene-vinyl-acetate.
6. The mouthpiece of claim 1 wherein each of the tabs and the
retaining means thereon together form a structure affixed to the
flange means.
7. The mouthpiece of claim 6 wherein each of the tabs and retaining
means is solid.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates in general to mouthpieces for
underwater breathing apparatus and, more particularly, to an
improved method and apparatus for retaining the mouthpiece within
the mouth of the user by customizing the retainer means to the bite
of the user by means of the use of thermoplastic material.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART
Heretofore, the mouthpiece of an underwater breathing apparatus has
been retained within the mouth of the user by means of rubber
projections extending outwardly of the flanged lip portion of the
mouthpiece. The retainer projections included a flanged free-end
portion and an intermediate portion which fits between the teeth
and which is gripped between the upper and lower teeth in use. The
retaining members are made of rubber and formed as an integrally
molded portion of the rubber mouthpiece.
The problem with the prior art retaining members is that they
present a relatively small area to the teeth of the user such that
a relatively high pressure is transmitted from the retaining member
to the one or two teeth which grip each of the retaining members.
In cold water, the low temperature of the gums and teeth tends to
aggravate the pain produced by the reactive force of the rubber
retaining means on the gripping teeth.
Therefore, it is desired to obtain an improved mouthpiece wherein
the reactive gripping force exerted on the teeth by the retaining
means is distributed more uniformly over the gripping teeth such
that the mouthpiece is more comfortable in use.
It is also known from the prior art to make a tooth-protective
guard for boxers and other athletes of a thermoplastic material.
The thermoplastic guard comprises a curved channel of thermoplastic
material which is heated to plastic temperatures and inserted into
the mouth and pressed over and around the upper teeth. The user
bites gently into the guard, while in the plastic state, and the
plastic guard is pressed against the back of the upper teeth such
that an impression of the upper teeth is obtained in the guard,
whereby the guard is customized to the teeth of the user.
SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
The principal object of the present invention is the provision of
an improved mouthpiece for underwater breathing apparatus.
In one feature of the present invention, a blank of a thermoplastic
material is formed to be affixed to the mouthpiece of an underwater
breathing apparatus as a portion of the retaining means thereof,
whereby the retaining structure may be customized to the bite of
the user. The mouthpiece is customized to the user by heating the
mouthpiece with the affixed thermoplastic member to render the
member plastic, inserting the mouthpiece into the mouth of the user
and biting down on the heated thermoplastic retainer portion to
obtain an impression of the user's bite in the retaining structure,
whereby the retainer of the mouthpiece is customized to the bite of
the user.
In another feature of the present invention, thermoplastic blanks
which are to form a portion of the retaining structure of the
mouthpiece are formed as sleeves which fit over the conventional
rubber retaining projections of the mouthpiece, whereby a
conventional mouthpiece may be customized to the bite of the
user.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will become
apparent upon a perusal of the following specification taken in
connection with the accompanying drawings wherein:
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a plan view of the mouthpiece portion of an underwater
breathing apparatus incorporating features of the present
invention,
FIG. 2 is an end view of the structure of FIG. 1 taken along line
2--2 in the direction of the arrow,
FIG. 3 is an enlarged perspective view of a portion of the
structure of FIG. 2 delineated by line 3--3 and depicting a
thermoplastic blank of the present invention,
FIG. 4 is a view similar to that of FIG. 1 depicting an alternative
embodiment of the present invention,
FIG. 5 is a fragmentary view of a portion of the structure of FIG.
4 taken along line 5--5 in the direction of the arrows, and
FIG. 6 is a view similar to that of FIGS. 1 and 4 depicting an
alternative embodiment of the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring now to FIGS. 1 and 2, there is shown a conventional
mouthpiece structure 11 of an underwater breathing apparatus as
modified to incorporate features of the present invention. More
particularly, the mouthpiece structure 11, as of one piece molded
rubber, includes a breathing tube portion 12 connected in gas
communication via additional tubulation, now shown, to a source of
air.
That portion of the mouthpiece 11 which is to be retained within
the mouth of the user includes a pliable flanged lip portion 13 at
the mouthpiece end of the tubulation 12. The flanged lip portion 13
includes a central breathing hole 14 connected in gas communication
with the breathing tube 12.
A pair of retaining members 15, as of rubber, project outwardly
from the concave face of the flange 13 to be clenched between the
teeth of the user for retaining the breathing tube 12 within the
mouth of the user. The retaining members 15 each include a central
body portion 16 extending outwardly from the flange 13 to a flanged
free-end portion 17. In a typical example, the central body portion
16 has a thickness t of 0.20 inch, a width w of 0.50 inch and a
depth of 0.20 inch. The flange portion 17 has approximately equal
width and thickness as of 0.50 inch each and a depth of 0.10
inch.
A thermoplastic sleeve 18, as more fully shown in FIG. 3, is
affixed over each of the retaining projections 15. In a typical
example the sleeve 18 is made of a suitable thermoplastic material
such as ethylene vinyl acetate. Such a material is commercially
available from Dupont under their trademark Alathon. In a typical
example, the sleeve 18 has a depth d of 0.35 inch and a wall
thickness t of 0.20 inch. The central opening 19 in the sleeve 18,
which is to receive the main body 16 of the retaining projection
15, has a height h of 0.15 inch and a width w of 0.45 inch.
In use, the thermoplastic blank sleeves 18 are threaded over the
respective central body portions 16 of the retaining projections 15
and captured to flange 13 via the flanged end portions 17 of the
retaining projections 15.
The mouthpiece 11 is heated in a pot of boiling water for 50
seconds to render the blank sleeve portions 18 thermoplastic. The
mouthpiece 11 is then removed from the boiling water and inserted
for one second into cold water. The mouthpiece 11 is placed
immediately in the mouth of the user with the flange portion 13
disposed between the lips and the teeth of the user and with the
concave face of the flange 13 abutting the outside surfaces of the
front and side teeth.
The thermoplastic blank sleeve portions 18 are located inbetween
the upper and lower teeth in the regions of the canine and first
pre-molar teeth, i.e., between several top and bottom teeth on each
side of the mouth behind the front teeth. As the teeth are clenched
onto the thermoplastic sleeve 18 they make an impression in the
sleeve, such impression indenting the sleeve substantially to the
substantially less plastic central body portion 16, or core or tab,
of the retaining projection 15.
The central body portions 16 of the projections 15 are dimensioned
of the proper thickness to ensure that the spacing between the
users teeth, as closed on the retainer bodies 16, is sufficient to
permit breathing through the front teeth and breathing hole 14. As
the thermoplastic sleeve 18 deforms to provide the impression, it
elongates to extend into the region of adjacent teeth toward the
front and rear of the mouth. In this manner, substantially
increased tooth bearing area is obtained for the composite
retaining structure. The elongation of the thermoplastic sleeve 18
is not sufficient to interfere with or otherwise cut off the
breathing opening 14.
The advantages of the customized retainer portion of the mouthpiece
11 are that the load bearing reactive forces exerted on the teeth
by the retaining structure are spread out over more teeth. In
addition, the forces are uniformly distribured over the teeth which
bear on the retaining structure to provide a much more comfortable
grip especially when diving in cold water.
The thermoplastic sleeves 18 are adapted to conventional
mouthpieces 11 which are presently in use. The user merely acquires
the sleeves 18 and presses them into position on the existing
retaining structures 15.
In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, (see FIGS. 5
and 6) the retaining projections 15 are eliminated and the
thermoplastic blank structures 18, which may be solid or which may
include the rubber cores 16, are affixed as by molding or bonding
at 21 to the flange 13. In another alternative embodiment (see FIG.
6), the flange 13 and retaining structures 15 are integrally molded
as one piece of thermoplastic material which is bonded or otherwise
affixed to the breathing tube 12 as by sealing flange 22.
The mouthpiece of the present invention may be employed to
advantage with any type of underwater breathing apparatus such as a
regulator, snorkel, etc.
* * * * *