U.S. patent number 3,842,463 [Application Number 05/298,358] was granted by the patent office on 1974-10-22 for spring hinge structures.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Howard E. Crawford, Robert C. Hauke. Invention is credited to William C. Wehner.
United States Patent |
3,842,463 |
Wehner |
October 22, 1974 |
SPRING HINGE STRUCTURES
Abstract
Spring hinges wherein a unitary plate is separated into adjacent
portions by a thin flexible section to permit hinge motion of the
plate portions along a bend line which is interrupted by a U-shaped
cut-out tab formed integrally with one plate portion and separated
from the other plate portion, the tab having cylindrical and flat
surface portions, and the other plate portion carrying a resilient
or spring-loaded element abutting the tab surfaces so that when
engaged on the cylindrical portion no bias of the plate portions is
effected, but when engaging the flat tab surface portion the plate
portions will be biased toward selective relative positions.
Inventors: |
Wehner; William C. (Inkster,
MI) |
Assignee: |
Crawford; Howard E. (Dearborn,
MI)
Hauke; Robert C. (Holly, MI)
|
Family
ID: |
23150162 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/298,358 |
Filed: |
October 17, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
16/296;
16/DIG.13 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E05D
1/02 (20130101); E05D 11/105 (20130101); E05Y
2900/20 (20130101); Y10S 16/13 (20130101); Y10T
16/53848 (20150115) |
Current International
Class: |
E05D
11/00 (20060101); E05D 11/10 (20060101); E05D
1/00 (20060101); E05D 1/02 (20060101); E05d
011/08 () |
Field of
Search: |
;16/180,184,145,142,DIG.13,150,128R,139 ;220/31S |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Gilliam; Paul R.
Assistant Examiner: Dorner; Kenneth J.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Hauke, Gifford, Patalidis &
Dumont
Claims
I claim:
1. A spring hinge comprising a unitary plate separated into
adjacent portions by a thin flexible joining section extending
along a selected bend line for relative hinge motion of said plate
portions around the axis of said bend line, said flexible joining
section being interrupted by at least one partially cut-out tab
formed integrally with one plate portion and severed from the other
plate portion and extending across said bend line, said hinge
having means cooperatively engaging said tab and said other plate
portion to bias said plate portions toward a selected angular
relationship.
2. The hinge of claim 1 wherein said means includes a resilient
spring element carried by said other plate portion for camming
engagement with said tab.
3. The hinge of claim 2 wherein said tab is formed with a flat
portion effecting when engaged with said spring element a bias of
said tab and its integral plate portion to a selected angular
position with respect to the other plate portion.
4. The hinge of claim 2 wherein said tab is formed with a portion
substantially cylindrical around the axis of said bend line to
effect no bias when engaged with said spring element and a flat
portion effecting a bias of said tab and its integral plate portion
to a selected angular position with respect to the other plate
portion when said spring and said flat portions are engaged.
5. The hinge of claim 2 wherein said tab is formed with multiple
flat portions each effecting when engaged with said spring element
a bias of said tab and its integral plate portion to a selected
angular position with respect to the other plate portion.
6. The hinge of claim 2 wherein said tab is formed with a portion
substantially cylindrical around the axis of said bend line to
effect no bias when engaged with said spring element and multiple
flat portions each effecting when engaged with said spring element
a bias of said tab and its integral plate portion to a selected
angular position with respect to the other plate portion.
7. The hinge of claim 1 wherein said flexible section is formed to
permit hinge motion of one plate portion to both sides of a common
plane with the other plate portion.
8. The hinge of claim 3 wherein said tab flat portion is disposed
in a plane angularly intersecting the plane of said one plate
portion.
9. The hinge of claim 3 wherein said tab flat portion is disposed
in a plane extending normal to the plane of said one plate
portion.
10. The hinge of claim 3 wherein said tab flat portion is disposed
in a plane extending parallel to the plane of said one plate
portion.
11. The hinge of claim 1 wherein said bend line is interrupted by
multiple spaced apart partially cut-out tabs each formed integrally
with one of the plate portions and separated from the other of the
plate portions, each tab and its related other plate portion having
means cooperatively engaging to urge said plate portions toward a
selected angular relationship.
12. The hinge of claim 11 wherein one tab and the means engaging
therewith are formed to urge said plate portions toward one
selected angular relationship and another tab and the means
engaging therewith are formed to urge said plate portions toward a
different selected angular relationship.
13. The hinge of claim 5 wherein one flat portion is formed to
effect a bias of one plate portion toward a position angled to one
side of the other plate portion and another flat portion is formed
to effect a bias of said one plate portion toward a position angled
to the other side of said other plate portion.
14. The hinge of claim 1 wherein said means urges said plate
portions toward planes extending normal to each other.
15. The hinge of claim 1 wherein said means urges said plate
portions toward planes common with each other.
16. The hinge of claim 2 wherein said tab is formed with a portion
having a varied cam radius around the axis of said bend line to
effect a variable bias when engaged with said spring element.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
A. Field of the Invention
My invention relates to spring-biased hinges as are used on
cupboard doors and the like.
B. Description of the Prior Art
Well-known spring hinges of the type which the present invention
can replace are such as those disclosed in U.S Pat. Nos. 3,205,532,
3,255,484, 3,344,462, 3,381,332, 3,381,333, 3,391,420, 3,397,422,
3,521,319, 3,531,823, 3,550,186, 3,550,187, 3,568,241, 3,600,743,
3,613,151, 3,623,185 and 3,629,899. Such hinges, however, are
costly due to the many parts requiring manufacture, as well as
presenting many problems in their fabrication and assembly.
Simplified one-part spring hinges, for example as disclosed in U.S.
Pat. Nos. 3,561,039 and 3,562,852 and involving resilient materials
have been devised, but these have a generally constant spring rate
applying continuous counter-pressure when deformed from their
normal configurations, so that they cannot be used for many
purposes as can those hinges of the first noted group of patents
which have cam-spring combinations for holding the hinge parts in
different selected positions. Finally, in unitary hinges fabricated
to embody "over-center" positioning capabilities, such as in U.S.
Pat. Nos. 3,628,215 and 3,629,901, such hinges being made of high
flex life resilient plastics such as polypropylene, it is seen that
they are under constant bias toward one side or the other of the
"center" position, and thus are of relatively limited usage because
they lack the versatility and positive positioning features needed
in many hinge applications.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
My invention involves the cam-spring principle involved in the more
costly type of spring hinges while making use of low cost plastics
in which the hinge proper is made in a single part, thus overcoming
the high cost problem while retaining the desired versatility, as
well as the positive positioning aspects, of the hinges of the
first group of patents listed in the foregoing paragraph.
Basically, the present hinge is formed as a unitary plate, of high
flex life plastic such as polypropylene or the like, separated into
adjacent portions by a thin flexible joining section extending
along a bend line but interrupted by at least one partially cut-out
tab formed integrally with one plate portion and separated from the
other plate portion, the tab and the other plate portion having a
resilient spring means coacting to bias the plate portions toward
selected relative angular positions.
The positions are selected in preferred modifications by forming
the tab as a substantially cylindrical element with at least one
flat, and engaging the tab with a spring element retained adjacent
thereto so when the hinge is moved toward engagement of the flat
and spring, the spring will tend to bias the hinge portions toward
a position wherein the flat and spring are fully engaged, but
otherwise non-biased hinge motion is possible when the spring
engages the cylindrical and hence constant radius surfaces.
Plural tabs and spring elements may be used to multiply the biasing
pressure, and plural flats may be used on a single tab to provide
multiple positioning characteristics.
The present concept is readily embodied in heavy door hinges, piano
hinges and the like, and a modification using a varying radius tab
can be used to function as a door closer.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
A more complete understanding of my invention may be obtained upon
referring to the accompanying drawings illustrating various
embodiments of the invention in which like reference characters
refer to like parts throughout the several views and in which:
FIG. 1 is a fragmentary perspective exploded view of a support and
door structure or the like with a hinge of the present
invention;
FIG. 2 is a fragmentary perspective view of the support, door
structure and hinge assembled and in another position;
FIG. 3 is an elevational plan view of the hinge of FIGS. 1 and
2;
FIG. 4 is a transverse cross-sectional view through the center of
the hinge of FIGS. 1-3 in its cam action position;
FIG. 5 is an elevational plan view illustrating a hinge embodying
another modification of the invention;
FIG. 6 is an elevational end view of the hinge of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view taken substantially on
the line 7--7 of FIG. 5;
FIG. 8 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view similar to that of
FIG. 7 but illustrating another hinge modification;
FIG. 9 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view similar to that of
FIG. 7 but illustrating yet another hinge modification;
FIG. 10 is a fragmentary elevational view illustrating a further
hinge modification; and
FIGS. 11 and 12 are fragmentary cross-sectional views similar to
that of FIG. 7 but illustrating yet further hinge
modifications.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
FIGS. 1-4 illustrate an integral hinge plate member 10 formed of a
portion 12 adapted to be secured by any means such as screws 14 to
the edge of a cupboard door opening, door jamb or the like support
16, and a portion 18 adapted to be secured by any means such as a
screw 20 to a recess provided in a door 22.
The hinge 10 is formed of a "long flex life" plastic material such
as polypropylene or the like, the portions 12 and 18 being
separated by a thin flexible joining section 24 extending along a
bend line for relative hinge motion of the portions 12 and 18
substantially about the axis A of the bend line.
The flexible bend line section 24 is interrupted by a partially
cut-out tab 26 formed integrally with the portion 18 and separated
from the portion 12 on three edges as shown. The tab 26 is formed
as a partial cylinder extending along the axis A with a flat 28
provided along one side.
The portion 12, having a U-shaped recess 30 substantially
complementary with the three edges of the tab 26, has an extended
housing 32 provided with bores 34 for containment of a pair of
compression springs 36 (FIG. 4) in which are seated cam elements 38
resiliently urged by the springs 36 against the adjacent surface of
the tab 26.
In use, the hinge may flex between a position such as that of FIG.
2 in which the cam elements 38 engage on a constant radius surface
of the tab 26 and thus apply no hinging bias pressure thereon, and
a position approaching that of FIG. 4 in which the cam elements 38
edge off of the radius surface to apply a hinging bias which forces
the hinge portions to relative positions of FIG. 4 in which the cam
elements 38 are fully engaged on the flat 28 and resiliently hold
the hinge portions 12 and 18 in such positions.
It will be apparent that in FIGS. 1-4 the support 16 may as well be
a door and the door 22 may as well be a support, with the same
effect. It will be seen also that the present hinge is well suited
to use as "hidden" hinges.
Another type of hinge 40 is illustrated in FIGS. 5-7 as comprising
a pair of substantially normally coplanar adjacent portions 42 and
44 integrally connected by a thin flexible section 46 extending
along a bend line for relative hinge motion substantially about the
axis A.
The section 46 is interrupted by a partially cut-out tab 48 formed
integrally with the portion 44 and separated from the portion 42,
the tab being formed as a partial cylinder extending along the axis
A with a flat 50 extending in a plane substantially normal to the
plane of the portion 44.
The portion 42, having a U-shaped recess 52 substantially
complementary with the tab 48, supports a leaf spring element 54 as
shown for engagement with the tab 48 so that, when the portions 42
and 44 are moved to the phantom line position shown in FIGS. 6 and
7, the spring element 54 engages a constant tab radius and exerts
no hinging bias, but when moved toward the coplanar position the
spring element 54 edges off the cylindrical surface and biases the
portions 42 and 44 to the full line position illustrated with the
spring element 54 fully engaged on the flat 50.
FIG. 8 illustrates another embodiment similar to that of FIGS. 5-7
but in which a flat 50.sup.1 is provided on the tab 48
substantially parallel to the plane of the portion 44 such that in
the full-line coplanar position shown no hinging bias is exerted,
but when the portions 42 and 44 are moved toward the phantom line
position illustrated the spring element 54 edges off the radius and
urges the portions 42 and 44 to the phantom line position at a
90.degree. angle.
In the modification of FIG. 9, the tab 48 is shown as provided with
two flats 50.sup.2 and 50.sup.3 functioning to provide opposite
biased positions of the hinge as indicated by the two phantom line
positions.
FIG. 10 illustrates a piano hinge 60 modification comprising
portions 62 and 64 integrally connected by a thin flexible section
66 extending along a longitudinal bend line for relative hinge
motion about the axis A, the section 64 being interrupted by a
plurality of partially cut-out tabs 68, 70 and 72, the tabs 68 and
72 being similar to the tab 47 of FIG. 7 and the tab 70 being
similar to the tab 48 of FIG. 8, respectively having flats 74 and
74.sup.1.
The portion 62 has a plurality of recesses 76 provided with leaf
springs 78 and 80 as previously described. The springs 78 thus will
operate to bias the portions 62 and 64 toward the coplanar position
shown while the spring 80 will operate to bias the portions 62 and
64 toward a 90.degree. relative position. Note that any number of
tabs and springs may be used in a single hinge, and that some tabs
may be formed integral with different hinge portions.
FIG. 11 illustrates yet another modification similar to that of
FIGS. 5-7 but in which a tab 80 is formed as shown with a pair of
flats 82 and 84 with a decreasing radius surface therebetween, such
that, when the leaf spring element 54 is moved out of the phantom
line position 42.sup.1 it will exert a small but gradual hinging
bias toward the phantom line position 42.sup.2, thereby enabling
use as a door closer with positive end holding positions.
FIG. 12 illustrates yet a further modification in which a tab 86 is
formed of an entire series of flats 88, 88.sup.1 88.sup.2, 88.sup.3
and 88.sup.4 so that the portions 42 and 44 will always be biased
toward one or the other of a number of holding positions as
indicated by the full line and multiple phantom line
illustrations.
It will be noted that tabs shaped in different ways will effect
different results. For example, smaller flats on the tabs will
provide a smaller hinging bias motion. Combinations of flats in
desired planes other than those shown are possible. Steeper or
shallower variable radius gradients than that of FIG. 11 may be
used to effect more or less closing bias.
Further, other biasing elements than the springs shown and
described herein may be used.
Instead of flats on a tab, concave depressions may be used for more
positive holding engagement with a complementary convex-shaped
spring element. In fact, many and varied coacting elements on the
hinge portions may readily be provided to obtain unlimited results
depending on the uses to which the hinge may be put.
The concept herein described may of course be used with hinges of
different sizes and other shapes than those shown, depending on
load factors, decorative needs, and the like.
Having shown and described a number of preferred embodiments of my
invention, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art to which
the invention pertains that various other changes and modifications
may be made therein without departing from the scope of the
invention or the spirit of the appended claims.
* * * * *