U.S. patent number 3,839,156 [Application Number 05/308,801] was granted by the patent office on 1974-10-01 for process and apparatus for controlling the heating of a horizontal by-product coke oven.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Weinrich Koppers Gesellschaft mit beschrankter Haftung. Invention is credited to Wilhelm Jakobi, Arnulf Schuffler.
United States Patent |
3,839,156 |
Jakobi , et al. |
October 1, 1974 |
PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLING THE HEATING OF A HORIZONTAL
BY-PRODUCT COKE OVEN
Abstract
The coke oven battery has heating walls with pairs of heating
flues separated from each other by a wall with an upper opening
therein to permit combustion gases flowing upwardly in one flue to
flow through the opening and downwardly through the adjacent flue.
An opening is also provided in the separating wall adjacent the
bottom of the flues to permit recirculation of a portion of the
downwardly flowing waste gas. Each of the flues have inlet openings
adjacent the base of the flues for combustion gas and air. There
are also provided jet nozzles adjacent the base of each flue and
jet nozzles adjacent the top portion of each flue to supply through
one or more of the nozzles streams of high velocity propellant gas
into the preselected flues in the same direction as the flow of
gases therein. The streams of high velocity gas control and
intensify the recirculation of gases within the adjacent flues to
thus provide a more uniform vertical distribution of temperature in
the flues and the adjacent coke charge.
Inventors: |
Jakobi; Wilhelm (Essen,
DT), Schuffler; Arnulf (Essen, DT) |
Assignee: |
Weinrich Koppers Gesellschaft mit
beschrankter Haftung (Essen, DT)
|
Family
ID: |
5827745 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/308,801 |
Filed: |
November 22, 1972 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
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Dec 11, 1971 [DT] |
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2161638 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
201/41; 202/139;
202/143 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C10B
21/18 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
C10B
21/00 (20060101); C10B 21/18 (20060101); C10b
047/10 (); C10b 021/18 () |
Field of
Search: |
;201/41,43,36,37
;202/138-144,151 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
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237,282 |
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Jul 1925 |
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GB |
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105,047 |
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Mar 1917 |
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GB |
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Primary Examiner: Yudkoff; Norman
Assistant Examiner: Edwards; David
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Price, Jr.; Stanley J.
Claims
1. A process for controlling the heating of a horizontal by-product
coke oven having a pair of flues separated from each other by
separating means and an opening in the separating means adjacent
the top of the flues for circulation of a gas between the flues
comprising,
introducing a stream of combustible gas and a stream of air into
one of the flues adjacent the base of the flue at a first
velocity,
igniting the combustible gas at the base of the flue to form a
waste gas,
circulating the waste gas upwardly through said one of the flues
and downwardly through the adjacent other flue, and
introducing a separate jet stream of gas at a velocity greater than
the velocity of said stream of combustible gas and stream of air
into at least one of said flues in the direction of the flow of gas
in the flue to
2. A process for controlling the heating of a horizontal by-product
coke oven as set forth in claim 1 which includes,
introducing said separate jet stream of gas into said one of the
flues
3. A process for controlling the heating of a horizontal by-product
coke oven as set forth in claim 1 which includes,
introducing said separate jet stream of gas into said other flue
adjacent
4. A process for controlling the heating of a horizontal by-product
coke oven as set forth in claim 1 which includes,
introducing said separate jet stream of gas into said one of the
flues adjacent the base of said flue, and
introducing a second separate jet stream of gas into said other
flue
5. A process for controlling the heating of a horizontal by-product
coke oven as set forth in claim 1 which includes,
introducing an excess of one of said gases introduced into one of
the flues so that partial combustion of said combustible gas takes
place in said one of said flues, and
introducing a jet stream of a gas to support combustion in said
second flue so that secondary combustion of said excess gas takes
place in said
6. A process for controlling the heating of a horizontal by-product
coke oven as set forth in claim 1 which includes,
recirculating a portion of the gas from said adjacent other flue
into said
7. In a horizontal coke oven battery having heating walls with
vertical heating flues therein the combination comprising,
a first flue having a base portion and a top portion,
a second flue having a base portion and a top portion,
means separating said first flue from said second flue,
said means having a gas flow opening therein adjacent the top
portions of said first and second flues to circulate gas from one
of said flues to the other of said flues,
said flues each having pairs of openings therein adjacent the base
of said flues to introduce combustible gas and air into a
preselected one of said flues, and
separate nozzle means positioned in each flue to introduce gas at
high
8. In a horizontal coke oven battery having heating walls with
vertical heating flues as set forth in claim 7 in which said jet
nozzle means includes,
a jet nozzle positioned in the base of at least one of said flues
to inject high velocity propellant gas into a preselected one of
said flues adjacent
9. In a horizontal coke oven battery having heating walls with
vertical heating flues as set forth in claim 7 in which said jet
nozzle means includes,
a jet nozzle positioned in the top of at least one of said flues to
eject high velocity propellant gas into a preselected one of said
flues adjacent
10. In a horizontal coke oven battery having heating walls with
vertical heating flues as set forth in claim 7 in which said jet
nozzle means includes,
a jet nozzle positioned in the base of at least one of said flues
to inject high velocity propellant gas into a preselected one of
said flues adjacent the base of said preselected flue, and
a jet nozzle positioned in the top of at least one of the other of
said flues to eject high velocity propellant gas into a preselected
other one of said flues adjacent the top of said other preselected
flue.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a process and apparatus for controlling
the heating of horizontal by-product coke ovens with a stream of
high velocity gas and more particularly to a process and apparatus
for controlling the heating of the horizontal regenerative coke
oven with a stream of high velocity gas in which a portion of the
downwardly flowing waste gas is recirculated into the heating
flue.
2. Description of the Prior Art
U.S. Pat. No. 2,207,573 discloses a regenerative coke oven battery
in which separate gas flow devices are provided to supply either
secondary combustion air or secondary fuel into the upper and lower
parts of the vertical heating flues to permit the operator to
control the uniformity of the heat supplied to the coke oven
chambers.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,373,087 discloses a regenerative coke oven battery
in which combustion gas is supplied to elevated burners through
supply conduits extending along the roof of the coke oven battery
with downwardly extending branch conduits.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,494,834 discloses a regenerative coke oven battery
in which combustion fuels are supplied at different elevations in
the vertical heating flues through separate conduits. It is also
known to provide openings in the dividing wall between the "on" and
"off" vertical flues to permit recirculation of controlled amounts
of waste gas from the "off" flue to the "on" flue. With the above
known methods and apparatus for heating coke oven chambers the
velocity of flow of the combustion gases both in the "on" flue and
the "off" flue is controlled by the velocity of the gases that are
admixed and burned in the "on" flues and recirculated as waste
combustion gas to the "off" flue. The velocity of the gases is in
turn controlled by the volume of gas supplied to the "on" flue for
combustion and the volume of the waste gas recirculated from the
"off" flue to the "on" flue. There is a need for a process and
apparatus to control the heating of horizontal coke ovens at
various elevations within the respective flues by controlling the
velocity of the hot combustion gases in either the "on" and "off"
flue of both the flues.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a process for controlling the heating of
a horizontal by-product coke oven having a pair of flues separated
from each other by a separating means such as a separating wall
that has an opening adjacent the top of the flues for circulating a
heating gas therebetween. Combustible gas and air are introduced
into one of the flues adjacent the base of the flue at a first
velocity and the combustible gas is ignited at the base of the flue
to form a waste gas. The waste gas is circulated upwardly through
the first flue and downwardly through the adjacent other flue. A
jet stream of gas at a velocity greater than the velocity of the
combustible gas and air is introduced into at least one of the
flues in the direction of flow of gas in that flue to accelerate
the flow of the gas in the flue.
The apparatus for controlling the heating of the horizontal
by-product coke oven includes nozzle means positioned in each flue
preferably at the base of the flue and adjacent the top portion of
the flue to introduce gas at a high velocity into the flues to
accelerate the flow of gas in the flues.
The invention thus solves the problem of uniform heating by making
the recirculated stream of gas more intense than is possible in
known coke ovens to thereby obtain better vertical equalization of
temperature in the heating flues. The present invention proposes an
acceleration and intensification of the recirculation by one or
more propellant jets and one or more gaseous media, as for example
combustible gas, air or waste gas. The propellant jets have an
essentially higher velocity of flow than the combustion media
introduced into the heating flues in a conventional manner.
The use of waste gas refers to recirculated waste gas or also to a
gas produced expressly for this purpose by combustion. In the
latter case, for example, it is recommended to use high velocity
burners which preferably introduce their jets of waste gas directly
into each flue co-ordinated with the burners. When several
propellant jets are provided, they can consist of similar or
different gaseous media.
Accordingly, the principal object of this invention is to provide a
method and apparatus for accelerating and intensifying the
recirculation of the gases in adjacent flues.
Another object of this invention is to provide a process and
apparatus for secondary combustion in the "off" flue.
These and other objects of this invention will be more completely
disclosed and described in the following specification, the
accompanying drawings and the appended claims.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a twin heating flue with
propellant jet nozzles for discharging a gaseous media at high
velocity into the heating flues.
FIGS. 2 and 2a illustrate one arrangement of the propellant jet
nozzles at the burner level and at the location for gas reversal
from one heating flue to the other.
FIGS. 3 and 3a illustrate another arrangement of the propellant jet
nozzles at the burner level.
FIG. 4 is a section taken along the line IV--IV of FIG. 2.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring to FIG. 1, there is schematically illustrated heating
flues 1 and 2 that form a pair of twin flues with a wall 3
therebetween. The wall 3 separates the flues 1 and 2 and has an
upper opening 4 that permits the combustion gases flowing upwardly
in the "on" heating flue 1 to reverse direction and flow downwardly
in the "off" heating flue 2. There is also provided an opening 5 in
the base of the wall 3 to permit recirculation of a selected amount
of the waste gases flowing downwardly in the "off" heating flue 2
into the "on" heating flue 1.
The combustible gas and air for combustion are applied to the
heating flue 1 through openings 6 and 7 in the base of the heating
flue 1. The waste gas is withdrawan from the "off" heating flue 2
through similar openings 8 and 9 in the base of the "off" flue 2.
When the direction of flow is reversed, i.e., flue 2 is the "on"
flue, the gases of combustion flow upwardly through the openings 8
and 9 in the base of the flue 2 and the waste gas is withdrawn from
flue 1 through the openings 6 and 7.
Jet nozzles 10 and 11 are provided in the base of flues 1 and 2 and
other jet nozzles 12 and 13 are provided adjacent the top of the
heating flues 1 and 2. A high velocity gaseous medium propellant
can be introduced into the heating flues 1 and 2 through the
respective jet nozzles 10, 11, 12 and 13 to accelerate and
intensify the recirculated stream of heating medium, as indicated
by the arrows in FIG. 1. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 1, a
gaseous medium can be supplied through the jet nozzles 10 in the
base of the heating flue 1 to accelerate the upward flow of
combustible gases in the "on" flue 1. Another source of high
velocity gaseous medium may be introduced through the jet nozzle 13
located adjacent the upper portion of the "off" flue 2 to
accelerate the downward flow of the heating gases entering the
upper portion of the "off" flue 2 through the opening 4. After
reversal of the direction of heating, wherein the flue 2 is the
"on" flue in which the combustion of the gases initially takes
place, the high velocity propellant gaseous medium is ejected
through nozzles 11 and 12 to thus accelerate the upward flow of the
gases in the flue 2 and the downward flow of the gases in flue 1.
Where described, the jet nozzles can be provided solely in the base
of the flue in the region of the burner level or at a location
adjacent the top of the respective flues.
FIGS. 2 and 2a illustrate the propellant jet nozzles in a flue
having a so called bus duct 14 provided in the upper region of the
heating chamber to adjustably control the heat adjacent that
location. Similar numerals are intended to designate similar
components in all of the drawings. With the arrangement illustrated
in FIG. 2, there is provided an opening 4 between the adjacent
flues 1 and 2 below the bus duct 14 for recirculation of a portion
of the combustion gases therethrough. Openings 15 and 16 are
provided between the respective flues 1 and 2 and the bus duct 14
thereabove. Control bricks 17 and 18 are provided to control the
size of the openings 15 and 16 to thus control the volume of
combustible gases flowing upwardly from the "on" flue into the bus
duct 14 and downwardly therefrom into the adjacent "off" flue. As
illustrated in FIG. 4, a pair of horizontal conduits 19 and 20
extend along the roof 21 of the coke oven battery. Branch conduits
22 and 23 are connected to the respective horizontal conduits 19
and 20 and extend downwardly into the respective flues 1 and 2. The
horizontal conduits 19 and 20 carry the propellant gas which then
flows downwardly through the branch conduits 22 and 23 into the top
of the flues 1 and 2. Thus, if, as previously described, flue 1 is
the "on" flue then propellant gas would flow through the horizontal
conduit 20 and down through the branch conduit 23 into the top
portion of flue 2.
As illustrated in FIG. 2a , openings 24 and 25 are provided in the
base of the flue at burner level to supply gas and air for
combustion in the flue. A rich gas nozzle 26 is provided to supply
rich gas only when the ovens are being heated with rich gas in the
heating flues. The numeral 5, as previously described, indicates
the openings in the wall 3 for recirculation of the waste gases
flowing downwardly in the "off" flue. In FIG. 2a pairs of jet
nozzles 27 are provided in the base of each flue on opposite sides
of the rich gas nozzle 26 through which a propellant gas supplied
from suitably positioned feed lines (not illustrated) is ejected at
high velocity to the preselected flue at the burner level.
Referring to FIGS. 3 and 3a, a modification is illustrated in which
there is a single propellant jet nozzle 28 in each of the heating
flues at the level of the burner. The propellant jet nozzle 28 is
positioned between the openings 24 and 25 for the lean gas and air.
It is also possible when the oven is being operated on lean gas to
use the rich gas nozzle 26 as a propellant jet nozzle.
It should be understood that the gaseous medium propellant may be
one or more gaseous media as, for example, combustible gas, air or
waste gas. The propellant jet nozzles are arranged to have an
essentially higher velocity of flow than the combustion media
introduced into the heating flues in a conventional manner. The
advantages attained with the invention are exemplified in a
comparison with known apparatus in that a more uniform vertical
distribution of temperature in the charge of the coking coal is now
made possible by the improved vertical equalization of the
temperature in the heating flues. Local overheatings or hot spots
can be avoided thereby in high velocity ovens which can now be
operated safely at the maximum limit of productivity. With the
herein described invention there is a more intense and complete
participation of the waste heat flue in transferring heat to the
charge resulting from the intensified recirculation of the gases.
This results in a shortening of the coking time and an increase in
the limit of productivity.
Further, the recirculated streams are adjustable in the twin
heating flues because of the additional propellant jet nozzles
provided. A complete adaptation of the evolved heat to the variable
requirement from the pusher side to the coke side of the oven can
be obtained not only in the horizontal direction but also in the
vertical direction. For example, adjustment devices can be provided
which coordinate one control to one or also to several propellant
jet nozzles or correspondingly calibrating the feed lines and/or
the propellant jet nozzles to the desired conditions of flow.
Where the gaseous propellant is introduced adjacent the top of the
"off" flue, the invention further includes the feature of selecting
a gaseous medium so that this gaseous medium effects a reaction
evolving additional heat in the waste gas flue in addition to the
effect of flow. For example, it is possible to provide at the
burner level of the "on" heating flue a greater excess of air,
which is destroyed to a great extent by the combustible gas
introduced as a propellant stream in the region adjacent the upper
portion of the "off" flue.
According to the provisions of the patent statutes, the principle,
preferred construction and mode of operation of the invention have
been explained and what is considered to represent its best
embodiments have been illustrated and described. However, it should
be understood that, within the scope of the appended claims, the
invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically
illustrated and described.
* * * * *