U.S. patent number 3,838,883 [Application Number 05/405,475] was granted by the patent office on 1974-10-01 for folding chair frame.
Invention is credited to James F. Machen.
United States Patent |
3,838,883 |
Machen |
October 1, 1974 |
FOLDING CHAIR FRAME
Abstract
A compactly foldable chair frame designed to receive a fabric,
leather or similar cover-seat, comprising eight multiple-hinged rod
elements and having an offset side-hinge feature which provides
optimum geometry for comfortable upright seating at desks and
tables, and a double bend feature at the upper hinged joints which
permits a high degree of compactness when folded.
Inventors: |
Machen; James F. (Toledo,
OH) |
Family
ID: |
23603854 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/405,475 |
Filed: |
October 11, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
297/16.2;
248/188.9 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A47D
7/002 (20130101); A47C 4/286 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A47C
4/48 (20060101); A47C 4/00 (20060101); A47c
004/42 () |
Field of
Search: |
;297/42.16,45,57,46,56,457 ;248/436 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Zugel; Francis K.
Claims
I claim:
1. In a folding frame of the type described having four pairs of
rod elements in crossing relationship at the front, rear, right
side, and left side of the frame respectively, and wherein the top
end of each rod element is mutually hinged with another top end to
form four upper hinged joints, and wherein the bottom end of each
rod element is mutually hinged to another bottom end to form four
lower hinged joints, the improvement comprising:
two pairs of offset arms, one pair for the right-side pair of
crossing rod elements, and the other pair for the left-side pair of
crossing rod elements;
each offset arm fastened to a different rod element adjacent to its
respective region of crossing;
each pair of offset arms forming a pivotal connection between
crossing rod elements;
the pivot centers of both of said pivotal connections spaced away
from and to the rear of the respective region of crossing;
both said pivot centers located substantially at the vertex of an
isosceles triangle coplanar with the respective pair of the
crossing rod elements, and whose base extends substantially from
the lower end of one rod element to the lower end of the other rod
element of the pair;
pivotal connections for the front and rear pairs of crossing rod
elements having pivot centers located substantially at the
respective points of crossing of said pairs.
2. A frame according to claim 1 additionally comprising:
a gradual bend at the top of each rod element starting immediately
adjacent to each upper hinged joint;
a second bend in the opposite direction to the first bend and
adjacent to the first bend;
said bends both lying in the same plane with respect to each
rod;
the sum of the two bends being such that the pivot point of each
hinged joint lies along a straightline parallel to and closely
adjacent to the centerline of each respective rod.
3. A frame according to claim 1 additionally comprising:
a separate stop means having abutments upon which a pair of said
crossing rod elements seat when said rod elements are in a
predetermined angular relation;
said stop means insertable between a pair of crossing rods whose
pivot center is located substantially at the crossing point of said
pair.
Description
Chairs of the type sometimes known as "butterfly chairs"
constructed of rigid rods bent to shape, footed at four lower bends
and having fabric or leather cover-seats pocketed to the rods at
four upper bends have been available since the early 1950's. Later
improvements in this type of chair incorporated hinged joints for
some degree of foldability.
In general the butterfly-type chair places the user in somewhat of
a reclining posture while seated and usually makes for some degree
of awkwardness in the placement of the user's legs, if not for leg
discomfort. Furthermore, greater space is required for butterfly
chair seating than for conventional seating. For these reasons the
butterfly chair is primarily in the catagory of casual furniture,
suitable mainly for lounges, patios, etc., but not suitable for
upright seating, such as at tables or desks.
Although foldability was considerately improved by the collapsible
version of R. W. Boucher, U.S. Pat. No. 2,691,410, issued Oct. 12,
1954, some degree of compactness was still lacking.
Consequently, it is an object of this invention to provide an
improved folding mechanism wherein the chair frame collapses very
tightly making for the ultimate in compactness, so as to offer
greater ease of transport and storage.
Another object of this invention is to provide a chair of the
"butterfly" design but with improved upright seating geometry
suitable for the use at desks and tables as well as for casual
seating.
Another object is to provide a cloth seated chair that is more
comfortable and less awkward to sit in, and which requires less
floor area for seating.
Another object of this invention is to provide a chair that is
attractive and suitable for use in a variety of indoor or outdoor
environments.
Another object is to provide a chair that is light in weight,
simple in construction and low in cost.
Other objects and advantages will become more apparent from the
following description taken together with the drawings of a
preferred embodiment, in which:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the entire chair frame.
FIG. 2 is a front view of the chair frame in a nearly folded
condition.
FIG. 2a is a partial view of one upper hinged joint to illustrate
tightness of foldability.
FIG. 3 is a partial auxiliary view of the front-right hinged foot
of the frame, with phantom lines illustrating the folded
condition.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the hinge-foot of FIG. 3.
FIG. 5 is a bottom view of the hinge-foot.
FIG. 6 is a partial side view of the chair frame in the open and
closed (phantom lines) conditions to illustrate geometrical
requirements for tight folding.
Referring to FIG. 1, 2, and 2a, front rods 11 and 12 are hinged at
intermediate pivot point 13 located at the crossing point of their
respective centerlines. Side rods 14 and 15, and 16 and 17 are
hinged at intermediate pivot points 18 and 19, respectively. Back
rods 20 and 21 are hinged at intermediate pivot point 22 located at
the crossing point of their respective centerlines.
Front rods 11 and 12 are also hinged at their upper ends to the
upper ends of side rods 15 and 17, respectively, at pivot points 23
and 24, respectively. Back rods 20 and 21 are also hinged at their
upper ends to the upper ends of side rods 14 and 16, respectively,
at pivot points 25 and 26, respectively.
Front rods 11 and 12 are also connected and hinged at their lower
ends to the lower ends of side rods 16 and 14, respectively, by
means of hinge-feet 27 and 28, respectively. Back rods 20 and 21
are also connected and hinged at their lower ends to the lower ends
of side rods 17 and 15, respectively, by means of hinge-feet 29 and
30, respectively.
FIG. 2 illustrates generally the mode of folding of the chair frame
of this invention as it approaches the folded condition. Top hinges
23, 24, 25, and 26, intermediate hinges 13, 18, 19, and 22 and
hinge feet 27, 28, 29, and 30 maintain the similarity of geometry
while all of the eight rods become more parallel in their
alignment, approaching the substantially parallel alignment of the
fully closed frame.
In the particular embodiment illustrated, front rods 11 and 12 and
their respective top-hinged side rods 15 and 17 are the four
shorter rods of the eight rods comprising the chair frame elements.
All eight rods have a double bend at their upper ends, for example,
bent portions 16' and 21' at the upper ends of the rods 16 and 21,
respectively. Portions 16' and 21' bend over to nearly the
horizontal as they join at hinge 26. Dimension d.sub.1 of FIG. 1,
which is the widest measurement across bends 16 and 21 at joint 26
with frame fully open, collapses to smaller dimension d.sub.2 (FIG.
2a ) when the frame is folded fully.
In the open condition, the double bend design presents a wide rod
spread to distribute seat fabric loading. Yet in the folded
condition, high compactness is achieved with rods 16 and 21
becoming substantially parallel. Note that the center of hinge 26
lies along a straight line parallel to and closely adjacent to rods
16 and 21, as shown in FIG. 2a.
Lugged clip 31 acts as a stop to limit the degree to which the
frame may open. Cover-seat 32, shown in phantom lines, fits over
the chair frame at hinged connections 23, 24, 25 and 26. Seat 32
may be made of fabric, leather, or other sheet material. It is
shown here as a related part of the folding chair of this
invention, but is not specified in detail herein since it is not
directly a part of the frame.
Referring to FIG. 3, hinge-foot 28 (typical of all) has sockets 33
and 34 in which are anchored lower ends of front rod 12 and side
rod 14, respectively. Phantom lines show the hinge-foot in folded
condition. Web portion 35 joins sockets 33 and 34 together and acts
as a flexure hinge, the essential element of this hinge-foot
component. Flexibility of the web may be achieved by molding the
hinge-feet of a material which has sufficient strength &
stiffness to form a solid connection, yet which will bend
repeatedly without cracking or breaking.
Many rubberoid and plastic materials are known to have such a
resistance to stress-cracking. Materials which have this property
to a superior degree are considered to be "self-hingeable." Two
excellent examples are polypropylene and polyallomer, both readily
molded thermoplastic materials. Accordingly either would be
suitable for this hinge-foot.
The specific features of this hinge-foot are being claimed as part
of my co-pending application Ser. No. 405,474, filed Oct. 11, 1973,
but are not being directly claimed herein.
Referring to FIG. 6, pivot point 18 is spaced substantially to the
rear (dimension "O") from side rods 14 and 15 by means of offset
hinge plates 36 and 37, respectively, welded to the rods and
thereby forming the right side hinged connection. The connection on
the left side is similar in geometry and construction. Offset "O"
is equal for both plate 36 and plate 37.
It has been determined that folding chair frames of this type will
not have a tight-folding capability unless the side pivot points
lie at the vertex of an isosceles triangle, with the two side feet
located substantially at the ends of its base. Using FIG. 6 as an
example, side pivot point 18 thus must coincide with vertex C of
the isosceles triangle A-B-C, wherein A and B are located at feet
28 and 30, respectively, and A-C and B-C are the equal sides.
A second requirement for tight foldability is that the front and
rear pivot points, 13 and 22, respectively, must lie at the
crossing point of the respective centerlines of the crossing rod
elements.
Moreover, it has been determined that if the side pivot point 18 is
located at the point C of the isosceles triangle, but on the
intersection of the centerlines of rods 14 and 15 rather than being
offset, the dimension from point 23 to 24 (FIG. 1) will be to the
dimension from point 25 to 26 in proportion as the length of the
short rods is to the length of the long rods. Similarly the frame
will have considerable backward lean. These characteristics are
unobjectionable in the conventional butterfly design for lounge and
casual furniture use, but render the frame design unsuitable for
upright seating.
Thus, in addition to the isosceles triangle requirement for points
18, 28, and 30, a requirement of major significance in the design
of the frame of this invention is that a substantial offset "O" to
the rear be provided by means of hinge plates 36 and 37. Proper
proportioning of offset "O" in relation to the other chair
dimensions renders the frame of this invention suitable for upright
seating, fullfilling an important object previously specified.
Other embodiments of this invention employing identical or
basically similar principles may be devised within the scope of the
claims. Those skilled in the art will readily see that a variety of
other such embodiments can be devised without departure from the
principles set forth. Thus it will be understood that this
invention is not limited to the specific construction shown and
described except as so provided in the following claims.
* * * * *