U.S. patent number 3,834,861 [Application Number 05/343,610] was granted by the patent office on 1974-09-10 for pressure heated fuser assembly.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Xerox Corporation. Invention is credited to Alan F. McCarroll.
United States Patent |
3,834,861 |
McCarroll |
September 10, 1974 |
PRESSURE HEATED FUSER ASSEMBLY
Abstract
An electrostatographic type reproduction machine having a fuser
for fixing developed images on the copy material, the fuser having
cooperating heated and pressure rollers. The pressure roller is
supported for movement away from the other roller to permit the
rollers to be separated and the fuser unloaded. For this purpose,
the pressure roller is carried in a pivotable frame driveable by
cams into physical contact with the heated roller. A spring type
return driver which is loaded on movement of the pressure roller
into contact with the heated roller, serves when unlatched, to
rapidly drive the fuser rollers apart. To reduce noise and shock on
the fuser and related parts occasioned by release of the latch and
unwinding of the spring drive, an adjustable pneumatic dampener is
provide to retard separating movement of the fuser rollers.
Inventors: |
McCarroll; Alan F. (Rochester,
NY) |
Assignee: |
Xerox Corporation (Stamford,
CT)
|
Family
ID: |
23346811 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/343,610 |
Filed: |
March 21, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
432/60; 219/216;
432/228; 92/12; 219/388; 226/186 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G03G
15/2032 (20130101); G03G 2215/20 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G03G
15/20 (20060101); G03g 005/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;432/227-228,59-60
;271/273,274 ;226/186,187,176,177 ;219/216,388,469 ;92/12 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Camby; John J.
Assistant Examiner: Yuen; Henry C.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. In a pressure roll fuser apparatus adapted for use with copy
producing machine, said fusing apparatus including cooperating
first and second rollers adapted to form a nip through which copies
being fused pass with one of said rollers being heated, the
combination of;
means supporting said first roller for movement into and out of
cooperative pressure relationship with said second roller;
drive means adapted when actuated to move said first roller into
pressure relationship with said second roller;
bias means adapted when loaded and activated to move said first
roller away from said second roller, said drive means serving when
actuated to load said bias means;
means for locking said roller in pressure relationship with said
bias means loaded and ready to move said first roller away;
means to release said locking means whereby to activate said bias
means and move said first roller away;
pneumatic dampener means operable on release of said locking means
to cushion the load of said first roller under the influence of
said bias means upon subsequent stopping of said first roller and
movement away from said second roller;
said pneumatic dampener means comprising a housing receiving a
sliding piston member which engages said drive means, said housing
being formed with an orifice in communication with the atmosphere,
and
an adjustable needle member operatively movable into and out of
said orifice to vary the opening thereof.
Description
This invention relates to a pressure heated fuser for
electrostatographic type reproduction machine, and more
particularly to an improved fuser release mechanism.
In the practice of xerography as described in U.S. Pat. No.
2,297,691 to Chester F. Carlson, a xerographic surface comprising a
layer of photoconductive insulating material affixed to a
conductive backing, is used to support electrostatic images. In the
usual method of carrying out the process, the xerographic plate is
electrostatically charged uniformly over its surface and then
exposed to a light pattern of the image being reproduced to thereby
discharge the charge in the areas where light strikes the layer.
The undischarged areas of the layer thus form an electrostatic
charge pattern in conformity with the configuration of the original
light pattern.
The latent electrostatic image may then be developed by contacting
it with a finely divided electrostatically attractable material,
such as a resinous powder. The powder is held in the image areas by
the electrostatic fields on the layer. Where the field is greatest,
the greatest amount of material is deposited, and where the field
is least, little or no material is deposited. Thus, a powder image
is produced in comformity with the light iamge of the copy being
reproduced. The powder is subsequently transferred to a suitable
surface such as a sheet of paper or other surface and suitably
affixed, such as by heat, pressure, and the like to thereby form a
permanent print.
The aforesaid powder may be fixed by exposing the image bearing
sheet to heat and/or pressure, normally effected by a fuser. One
type of fuser consists of cooperating heated and pressure rollers,
the rollers forming a nip through which the image bearing sheet is
passed and thereby fixed. The fuser heated roller is generally
formed of a metallic substrate for high heat transfer efficiency,
whereas the pressure roller is formed with a flexible surface
material to provide a sufficiently wide nip when placed in contact
with the fuser roller to efficaciously fuse the powder. However,
prolonged contact of the heated roller directly with the pressure
roller in the absence of paper may be deleterious to the flexible
surface material of the pressure roller. This may occur when the
machine is in standby mode.
To obviate premature degeneration of one or both of the fuser
rollers, a release mechanism may be provided therefor. One type of
fuser release mechanism employs one or more relatively strong
springs to effectuate such release, the arrangement being such that
the springs are compressed into a bias condition upon movement of
the fuser rollers into operating contact, such spring disposition
being maintained by a suitable latch. When it is desired to release
the fuser, as, for example, at the end of a copy cycle, the latch
is released and the fuser rollers spring apart.
However, to provide the requisite driving force necessary to move
the relatively heavy fuser rollers apart in quick order, one or
more very strong springs are required. These tend, when released,
to accelerate the fuser parts quickly, and due to the mass of the
moving fuser parts, there results a large mass inertia which, on
the fuser part reaching the limit stop, generates a strong impact
and loud noise.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a new
and improved fuser for electrostatographic machines.
Another object of this invention is to provide an improved
apparatus for releasing fusing and pressure rollers in the fuser of
an electrostatographic machine.
Still another object of the invention is to provide a novel
apparatus for retarding the release motion of the fusing elements
of a copying machine to reduce shock loads and noises resulting
therefrom.
A still further object of the invention is to provide a reliable
release assembly for the heated fusing and pressure rollers of a
reproduction machine fuser to cushion the shock of the roller
parts.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved
fuser for reproduction machines incorporating shock absorber means
to enable high speed releasing movement of the fuser and yet absorb
the shock load.
It is an object of the present invention to provide, in a fusing
apparatus having one part supported for separating movement
together with drive means therfor, an adjustable dampener for
retarding separating movement of the fuser part and reduce shock
loads attending subsequent braking thereof.
This invention relates to a fusing apparatus adapted for use with
reproduction machines, the combination comprising; cooperating
first and second rollers adapted to form a nip through which copies
being fused pass, at least one of the rollers being heated; means
supporting the first roller for movement into and out of
cooperative pressure relationship with the second roller; drive
means adapted when actuated to move the first roller into pressure
relationship with the second roller; bias means adapted when loaded
and activated to move the first roller away from the second roller,
the drive means serving when actuated to load the bias means; means
for locking the rollers in pressure relationship with the bias
means in a pre-set loaded condition ready to move the first roller
away; means to release the locking means and activate the bias
means to move the first roller away; and motion control means to
retard movement of the first roller under the influence of the bias
means whereby to reduce shock loads on the apparatus attending
subsequent stopping of the first roller.
Other objects and advantages will be apparent from the ensuing
description and drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of an exemplary electrostatic
reproduction machine embodying the improved fuser of the present
invention;
FIG. 2 is a side view of the fuser pressure roller assembly
illustrating the position of the pressure roller in an image
transfer mode;
FIG. 3 is a partial sectional isometric view of the fuser and the
fuser release mechanism showing details of the dampener of the
present invention;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged exploded isometric view showing details of
the fuser release mechanism; and
FIG. 5 is a side sectional view of the dampener of the present
invention.
For a general understanding of the invention, an exemplary
reproduction or copying machine, designated generally by the
numeral 10, is schematically shown in FIG. 1 of the drawings.
Referring thereto, documents 11 to be copied are placed one at a
time upon the transparent support platen 12 fixedly arranged in an
illumination assembly generally indicated by the reference numeral
14 (at the left end of the machine as seen in FIG. 1). Light rays
from suitable illuminators, for example flash lamps 15, are flashed
upon the document 11 resting on platen 12 that produce image rays
corresponding to the document informational areas. The image rays
are projected by means of a suitable optical system 16 onto the
photosensitive surface of a xerographic plate. In the arrangement
shown, the xerographic plate is in the form of a flexible belt 18
supported on a belt assembly, generally indicated by the reference
numeral 19.
Belt 18 comprises a photoconductive layer of selenium which is the
light receiving surface and imaging medium for the apparatus, on a
flexible conductive backing. The surface of the photoconductive
belt is made photosensitive by a previous step of uniformly
charging the same by means of a corona generating device or
corotron 20.
Belt 18 is movably supported by rollers 21, 22, 23 of belt assembly
19, rollers 21, 22, and 23 being positioned with their axes
substantially parallel to one another. Belt assembly 19 is
slideably mounted as a unit upon support shafts 24 and 25, roller
23 being rotatably supported on shaft 24. Shaft 24 is in turn
secured to the machine frame and is rotatably driven by a suitable
motor and drive assembly (not shown) in the direction of the arrow
at a constant rate during the copying cycle. During exposure of
belt 18, the portion of the moving belt exposed (that portion of
the belt running between rollers 21 and 22) receives the reflected
light image of the document 11 on platen 12 so that there is
produced an electrostatic latent image on the surface of the belt.
For convenience, the exposure area is designated by the numeral
26.
As the image bearing portion of belt 18 moves away from the
exposure area 26, the electrostatic image thereon passes through a
developing station 27 in which there is positioned a developer
assembly, generally indicated by the reference numeral 28.
Development assembly 28 serves to develop the electrostatic image
with a suitable electroscopic powder, commonly known as toner, by
means of multiple brushes 29.
The developed electrostatic image on belt 18 next moves to a
transfer station 30 whereat the image is transferred from belt 18
to a sheet of copy paper 31 by means of a transfer roller 34. Sheet
31 is fed at a speed in synchronism with the belt 18 to avoid
smearing or blurring of the image, transfer of the developed image
being effected through the electrical bias on the transfer roller
34 in a manner known to those skilled in the art. A sheet transport
mechansim, generally indicated at 33, is provided to feed sheets 31
from paper supply tray 35 to transfer station 30.
Following transfer, the sheet is separated from belt 18 and is
conveyed to a fuser assembly, generally indicated by the reference
numeral 36, wherein the developed and transferred xerographic
powder image on sheet 31 is permanently fused or fixed. After
fusing, the finished copy is discharged from the apparatus into
tray 38.
Further details regarding the structure of the belt assembly 14 and
its relationship with the machine and support therefor may be found
in the copending Application Ser. No. 102,312, filed in 1970,
assigned to the same assignee.
Referring now to FIGS. 2 and 3, the fuser assembly 36 is comprised
of a fuser roller 40 and a pressure roller assembly, generally
indicated as 42. Pressure roller assembly 42 includes pressure
roller 43. The fuser roller 40 is formed of a suitable heated
conductive material, such as copper, and is provided with a source
of heat 44, such as quartz lamp, centrally positioned therein to
heat the roller 40 to operational temperatures. The pressure roller
43 is mounted for rotation in end plates 46. A support bar 47 and a
cam follower shaft 48 including suitable cam followers 49, are
mounted on end plates 46. A pivot shaft 50 is affixed to and
extends through the end plate 46 and is mounted for rotation in the
fuser frame assembly, generally indicated as 52.
Referring now to FIGS. 3, 4, and 5, a cam assembly, generally
indicated as 60 has cams 62 mounted on a cam shaft 63. Shaft 63 is
journaled in frame member pair 52', 52" one end of shaft 63
projecting therebeyond and having gear 64 mounted thereon. Gear 64
includes an internally formed stop 65. Gear 64 engages a drive gear
66, as more fully hereinafter described. A switch cam 67 positioned
on shaft 63 in juxtaposition with switch assembly 68, is provided.
As will appear, switch assembly 68 controls operation of latching
solenoid 86 and the driving clutch 89 for gear 66. A latch 70
having a latching surface 72 is mounted for rotation on the
adjoining frame member 52' as by screw pin 74 such that, on raising
of latch 70, the latching surface 72 inter-engages with surface 65'
of stop 65 to prevent rotation of cam shaft 63 in the direction
shown by the dotted line arrow in FIG. 4. Spring 76 biases lock 70
away from latch 70 (downward as seen in FIG. 4).
Lever 80, positioned below the lock 70, is mounted for rotation on
frame member 52' as by screw pin 82. One end of lever 80 is coupled
to armature 84 of solenoid 86. Lever 80 has a pin-like abutment 81
adapted to engage the surface of latch 70 and thereby move latch 70
upwardly into latching engagement with stop 65 upon activation of
solenoid 86.
A torsion spring 88 (more than one may be employed) is secured
between cam shaft 63 and the fuser frame assembly 52, spring 88
serving to move the fuser rollers 40, 43 apart upon release of
latch 70 at the termination of an image transfer mode as will
appear.
The opposite end 63' of cam shaft 63 projects through the other one
of frame member pair 52". A motion retarding device or shock
absorber in the form of a pneumatic dampener 90 is supported on end
63' of shaft 63. Referring particularly to FIGS. 3 and 5, dampener
90 includes a tubular housing or shell 91 secured to frame member
52" as by support member 93 fixed to and projecting from frame
member 52". Received in one end of housing 91 is a piston rod
member 94 which is formed with teeth 96 at one end thereof. At the
other end the rod member has a sealing ring 97 to ensure a snug fit
in housing 91. At the opposite end of housing 91 the diameter of
the opening tapers to a restricted orifice 99 and then increases to
a larger diameter opening 101 which engages as by a thread on a
screw member 103. Screw member 103 has an extension 105 which is
tapered so as to fit within orifice 99. Also formed in that end of
the housing is a channel 110 in communication with the atmosphere.
The end teeth 96 on rod member 94 upon rotation of the shaft. By
this structure the rod member is extended to the position shown in
FIG. 5 when the fuser rollers are operating and when released the
rod member is cushioned with increasing force as the air pressure
within housing builds up above atmospheric pressure due to
compression against the rod member upon release. Screw member 103
is adjustable to control the amount of load "cushioning" desired
and has a spring 104 to offset any vibrations.
In operation, upon activation of the copying machine 10 by the
operator, the fuser heating element 44 is energized to heat the
fuser roller 40 to a desired temperature at which time the
reproduction machine 10 shifts to a standby mode ready to be placed
in an image transfer mode. Generation of a signal to place the
machine in production energizes drive clutch 89, to turn gear 66.
Gear 66 in turn drives gear 64 to turn cam shaft 63 and cams 62
thereon in a clockwise direction as shown by the arrow in FIG.
4.
On rotation of cam shaft 63, cams 62 thereon work against followers
49 to swing pressure roll assembly 42 about the axis of pivot shaft
50 (counterclockwise in FIG. 2) to bring pressure roller 43 into
contact with fuser roller 40. Following rotation of cam shaft 62
through a predetermined angle, switch cam 67 actuates the switch
assembly 68 to disengage clutch 89, interrupting power to gear 66.
At the same time switch assembly 68 energizes solenoid 86.
Energization of the solenoid 86 draws armature 84 thereof upwardly
thereby lifting lever 80 and raising latch 70 to a point where the
latching surface 72 thereof engages surface 65' of stop 65. This
locks the cam shaft 63 against rotation in the opposite direction
under the influence of spring 88 and the natural tendency of fuser
rollers 40, 43 to separate, it being understood that clockwise
rotation of cam shaft 63 during which fuser rollers 40, 43 are
brought into operative contact, winds torsion spring 88.
Accordingly, pressure roller 43 is held in operative contact with
fuser roller 40. Fuser 36 of copy machine 10 is now in the
operational mode illustrated by the solid lines in FIG. 2.
Upon generation of a signal indicative of the completion of fusing
solenoid 86 is de-energized. This permits spring 76 to move latch
surface 72 out of interferring relationship with cam stop 65
thereby releasing torsion spring 88. Spring 88 accordingly unwinds
to rotate cam shaft 63 in a counterclockwise direction as shown by
the dotted line arrow in FIG. 4 to move pressure and fuser rollers
43, 40, respectively, apart. Fuser 36 therfore returns to a standby
condition.
In order to effect immediate separation of fuser and pressure
rollers 40, 43, respectively as may be necessary in the event of a
malfunction, against the relatively large mass inertia of the
pressure roll of assembly 42, torsion spring 88 must be relatively
powerful. The use of a relatively powerful spring for this purpose
tends however to overdrive the pressure roller assembly 42 such
that the stop ramps 62' on cam 62 strike against cam followers 49
with substantial force and impact. This imposes high and quite
undesirable shock loads on the fuser parts as well as generating
undesirable noise.
Dampener 90 obviates this problem by retarding acceleration of cam
shaft 63 under the impetus of spring 88, dampener 90 resisting the
tendency of cam shaft 63 to accelerate at too great a rate. Thus
excessive and unnecessary buildup in the rotational speed of cam
shaft 63 is restrained and impact between cams 62 and followers 49
thereof and noise are held to a minimum. At the same time, dampener
90 permits initial acceleration of the pressure roller assembly 42
to assure timely separation of the pressure and fuser rollers 43,
40, respectively, in the event of a malfunction. In addition, the
dampener is reliable and does not leak in the sense of a liquid
system subject to stresses.
While the invention has been described with reference to the
structure disclosed, it is not confined to the details set forth,
but is intended to cover such modifications or changes as may come
within the scope of the following claims.
* * * * *