U.S. patent number 3,828,656 [Application Number 05/325,263] was granted by the patent office on 1974-08-13 for annular piston stop structure.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Senco Products, Inc.. Invention is credited to Carl T. Becht, Franklin Keith Biddle.
United States Patent |
3,828,656 |
Biddle , et al. |
August 13, 1974 |
ANNULAR PISTON STOP STRUCTURE
Abstract
A structure for stopping a high energy piston, operating within
a cylinder, in a short distance at the end of its stroke. There is
provided an annulus of resilient material secured to said cylinder
and extending slopingly into the path of said piston. As the piston
nears the bottom of its stroke, the interference between the piston
and annulus, which gradually increases by virtue of said sloping
arrangement, brings the piston to a stop in a short distance.
Inventors: |
Biddle; Franklin Keith
(Cincinnati, OH), Becht; Carl T. (Cincinnati, OH) |
Assignee: |
Senco Products, Inc.
(Cincinnati, OH)
|
Family
ID: |
23267136 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/325,263 |
Filed: |
January 22, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
92/85R |
Current CPC
Class: |
F01B
23/06 (20130101); B25C 1/044 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F01B
23/00 (20060101); F01B 23/06 (20060101); B25C
1/04 (20060101); F01b 011/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;92/85 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Geoghegan; Edgar W.
Assistant Examiner: Hershkovitz; Abraham
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Melville; John W. Strasser; Albert
E. Foster; Stanley H.
Claims
The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or
privilege is claimed are defined as follows:
1. In a fastener applying device having a cylinder, a piston
reciprocable in said cylinder, a piston stop structure for said
piston, a fastener driver, and means for moving said piston and
fastener driver in a driving stroke to drive a fastener into a work
piece; said piston stop structure comprising:
a. a groove in the longitudinal wall of the cylinder above the
bottom thereof, an annulus of resilient material secured in said
groove,
b. said annulus being generally wedge-shaped in cross section, and
extending slopingly, radially into said cylinder into a position of
interference with said piston as the latter nears the bottom of its
stroke, said piston, as it enters into said annulus, squeezing said
annulus radially outward, and being circumferentially frictionally
retarded thereby, whereby to bring said piston to rest in a short
distance.
2. The device of claim 1, wherein the lower edge of said piston is
rounded for contact with said annulus.
3. The device of claim 2, wherein a resilient bottom stop element
is fixedly mounted adjacent the lower end of said cylinder, and
said annulus assists said bottom stop element in bringing said
piston to rest.
4. The device of claim 3, wherein the axial location of said
annulus and the height of said resilient bottom stop element are
such, that the piston, in its downward travel, abuts both at
substantially the same time.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a resilient piston stop for stopping a
high energy piston in a very short distance. It is particularly
useful in connection with fluid actuated fastener driving devices
and the invention will be described in connection with such
devices. It will of course be understood that it has utility in
other applications as well.
Fluid actuated fastener driving devices include a working cylinder
within which a piston reciprocates. When suitable fluid power, such
as for example air under pressure, is admitted, the piston is
driven rapidly downward in a working stroke. The piston carries a
fastener driver which is effective during the working stroke to
drive a fastener fully into a work piece.
In the early days of the fluid actuated fastener driving devices, a
spring was used for returning the piston to its original position
at the end of the working stroke. An example of such a structure
may be found in U.S. Pat. No. 2,585,939 issued Feb. 19, 1952 in the
name of A. G. Juilfs. In this and similar devices the space in the
cylinder above the piston was vented to atmosphere, and an ordinary
spring was used to move the piston upwardly in a return stroke. In
tools of this type no significant problem was presented in
connection with a piston stop. In part, this was because the early
tools were quite small and the piston did not develop a great
amount of energy. Furthermore, the piston during its entire working
stroke was working against the force of the spring which also
tended to retard the velocity of the piston.
A great deal of trouble was encountered with springs as a result of
breakage and the like, and U.S. Pat. No. RE. 26,262 in the name of
A. G. Juilfs, dated Sept. 5, 1967, taught an air return system.
According to this last mentioned patent, at the end of the working
stroke of the piston a part of the air under pressure from the
working cylinder was admitted into a return reservoir, and this air
under pressure was used to return the piston in its upward stroke.
The need for a suitable resilient piston stop in a pneumatic
fastener driving device actually arose when the spring return
system was eliminated.
Since the early days, fluid actuated fastener driving devices have
been built which have been ever larger and ever more powerful.
Thus, for example, certain commercial tools may be found today
which will drive 3 inch staples or 10d common nails into hard wood.
Under these conditions, it will be clear that the problems of
providing a suitable piston stop are increasingly difficult.
It has been found that these fastener driving devices are so
powerful that the resistance afforded by the fastener penetrating
the work piece has very little effect in stopping the piston. In
other words, the fully driven position of the fastener is
determined almost entirely by the relative position between the end
of the fastener driver and the nose piece of the tool when the
piston is at its bottom position.
The problem which has to be solved, therefore, is to bring a very
high energy piston to a full stop adjacent the end of its working
stroke in a space between about 0.09 inch to 0.125 inch. While
various types of resilient piston stops have been developed, all of
them are subject to extreme wear and rapid deterioration or total
destruction when they are used with the current, more efficient,
high energy fluid actuated tools.
One solution to the problem is disclosed in the copending
application of Robert G. Rothfuss, Ser. No. 230,569 filed Mar. 1,
1972. According to said copending application, the resilient stop
is divided into two parts with one part being disposed at the
bottom of the cylinder and the other part being secured to the
underside of the piston. This arrangement has many advantages with
certain types of fluid actuated fastener driving devices; but
because of the thicknesses of the two resilient members, the height
of the tool is of necessity a bit greater. The main objection to
this structure, however, is that the mass of the piston is
substantially increased, and this results in decreased performance.
Thus, the structure of said application would not be appropriate
for situations where a relatively small tool is involved and it is
desired to minimize the height of the tool.
With the foregoing considerations in mind, it is an object of the
present invention to provide an annular resilient piston stop which
in some instances may serve as the sole element for stopping the
piston, but which in other tools of larger capacity and greater
energy may serve as an assist to a resilient bottom stop
member.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention contemplates the provision of an annulus of resilient
material secured to the cylinder wall adjacent the bottom of the
cylinder and extending slopingly radially inward into said cylinder
into a position where it interferes with said piston as the latter
nears the bottom of its stroke. It will be understood that where
the piston is a relatively low energy piston, such an annulus alone
may suffice to stop the piston in a very short distance, while with
a high energy piston the collar or annulus may serve as an assist
to a resilient stop against which the piston abuts at the end of
its stroke.
In the present application, the invention will be explained
primarily in its action as a stop assist in a very high energy
fastening tool since this is a much more complex problem.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES OF THE DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a fragmentary cross sectional view of a fastener driving
device showing the position of the parts when the piston is near
the end of its down stroke.
FIG. 2 is a view similar to FIG. 1 showing the position of the
parts at the beginning of the return stroke.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
For purposes of disclosure, the present invention has been
disclosed in connection with a fastener driving device such as is
disclosed and claimed in the copending application of Rothfuss and
Becht, filed Dec. 22, 1971 under Ser. No. 210,812. The operation of
the tool is described in detail in said application and since the
tool itself forms no part of the present invention, it will only be
described very briefly herein.
Basically, the tool comprises a head portion indicated generally at
10, a rearwardly extending handle portion indicated generally at
12, a nose piece or guide body indicated generally at 14, a
magazine structure indicated generally at 16 and a manually
actuated trigger 18.
Within the head portion 10 there is provided a main working
cylinder sleeve indicated generally at 20. Slidable within the
cylinder sleeve 20 is the piston indicated generally at 22. It will
be understood that the piston at the start of its stroke is
disposed at the upper end of the cylinder sleeve 20; and in the
views of the drawing it is shown near the end of its down stroke in
FIG. 1 and at the beginning of its return stroke in FIG. 2. The
piston has secured to it a fastener driver 24 by means of which the
fasteners will be driven into the work. The magazine 16 is loaded
with a supply of fasteners in strip form, and the fasteners are
urged by the magazine toward an internal passage or drive track 14a
in the nose piece of the tool. It will be understood that with the
piston in its "up" position, the lowermost end of the driver 24
will be disposed slightly above the head of the fastener which is
positioned in the drive track 14a.
When the trigger 18 is actuated, and by virtue of a valving
structure disclosed in said copending application Ser. No. 210,812,
and which does not form a part of the present invention, air under
pressure will be admitted through the space 26 into the cylinder
sleeve above the piston 22. This air under pressure rapidly drives
the piston 22 and its driver 24 downwardly in a working stroke
toward the position of FIG. 1. At this time, a portion of the air
under pressure in the working cylinder is conducted through the
ports 28a into a return reservoir 28 where it serves to return the
piston to its "up" position.
In normal operation, when the manual trigger 18 is released by the
operator, it is effective to prevent further air under pressure
from entering the area 26 and to vent the upper portion of the
cylinder sleeve 20 to atmosphere. Under these conditions, air under
pressure in the return reservoir acts on the underside of the
piston 22 through the ports 36 to force it upwardly to its original
position.
Plenum type return systems for fastener driving tools are disclosed
in detail in U.S. Pat. No. RE. 26,262 in the name of A. G. Juilfs,
dated Sept. 5, 1967 and entitled "Portable Stapler With Pneumatic
Drive and Return." The specific valving structure and return
operation of the device shown in this application are explained in
detail in the copending application Ser. No. 210,812 referred to
above.
As shown in the Figures, the piston is provided with an annular
groove 30 within which an O-ring 32 is seated for the purpose of
maintaining a sealing relationship with the cylinder sleeve 20
during both the drive and return strokes. The driver assembly is
secured to the piston in any conventional manner.
It must be understood that in the particular tool here under
consideration as described in Ser. No. 210,812, the cylinder 20
also constitutes a main valve. Thus, the housing 10 has an internal
annular valve seat 32 and the cylinder 20 has a projection 34
having a groove to seat a resilient valve member 50. The details of
the operation of this valve are described in said copending
application and it will be clear therefrom that when the valve is
in its open position as shown in FIG. 1, the piston will be driven
downwardly in its driving stroke. During this movement there is an
upward bias on the cylinder 20, as described in said copending
application. At the end of the working stroke, and by the valving
described in said copending application, the sleeve 20 will be
caused to move downwardly to the position of FIG. 2, which closes
the valve 32,50 and at the same time it closes the bottom vent 38
and also exhausts the space above the piston to atmosphere and
opens the ports 36 so that the compressed air in the plenum chamber
28 can act on the bottom of the piston to return it to its "up"
position.
A conventional resilient bottom stop member is provided at 40 and
is secured to the bottom of the housing 10 by the flange 42 formed
in the bottom of the housing. Secured in the cylinder wall 20 is
the resilient annulus 44. The annulus 44 has an annular flange
which is seated in the groove 44a formed on the inside of the
cylinder. By reference to FIG. 2, it will be seen that the element
44 is more or less wedge-shaped, and extends radially inwardly in
the path of the piston slopingly so that it interferes with the
movement of the piston. It will be observed that the lower edge of
the piston is rounded for cooperation with the annulus 44. Bearing
in mind that the particular tool in connection with which this
invention is being described is a very high energy tool, it will be
seen that the annulus 44 immediately begins to slow down the piston
at about the instant that it abuts the annular resilient stop 40
and therefore assists the latter in bringing the piston to a stop.
During this slow-down period, and until the piston reaches the end
of its stroke, the upward bias on the cylinder, and therefore on
the annulus, is being maintained. It must be noted that in addition
to the downward wedging action produced by the piston, there is an
outward wedging action which maintains the flange of the annulus 44
in its groove 44a and prevents its being pulled out. In an actual
tool, the piston may travel a distance between about 0.090 inch and
0.125 inch from the point of contact with the stop member until it
has come completely to rest.
The assist annulus 44 not only assists the bottom stop 40 in
bringing the piston to rest, but takes some of the impact off the
bottom stop 40 and therefore contributes to the longevity of the
latter. One of the principal difficulties with these high energy
tools has been that the resilient stops are destroyed after
relatively short usage. By means of the annulus of the present
invention, the life of the bottom stop is greatly extended. It
should also be understood that in low energy tools the annulus 44
alone may in many cases be sufficient and permit the elimination of
a resilient bottom stop entirely.
It will be understood that the disclosure herein is exemplary; and
that therefore no limitation not expressly set forth in the claims
is intended and no such limitation should be implied.
* * * * *