U.S. patent number 3,826,006 [Application Number 05/398,307] was granted by the patent office on 1974-07-30 for tri-square drawing board.
Invention is credited to Eugene Rushin.
United States Patent |
3,826,006 |
Rushin |
July 30, 1974 |
TRI-SQUARE DRAWING BOARD
Abstract
This invention relates to new drawing board apparatus and
drafting tools. A straight edge member slides within slots along
the sides of a drawing board and is held in position selectively by
magnets. The slideable member slides along the straight edge. A
magnet holds this slideable member in position along the straight
edge. A protractor is attached to the slideable member. An arm is
rotated on the center of the protractor and held in place by
magnets. Scales are provided on the drawing board, straight edge,
and arms for measurement and drafting.
Inventors: |
Rushin; Eugene (Detroit,
MI) |
Family
ID: |
26840796 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/398,307 |
Filed: |
September 18, 1973 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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143212 |
May 13, 1971 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
33/437 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B43L
13/04 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B43L
13/04 (20060101); B43L 13/02 (20060101); B43l
013/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;33/76,80,81,99 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
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216,328 |
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Dec 1956 |
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AU |
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900,519 |
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Oct 1944 |
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FR |
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1,103,267 |
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May 1955 |
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FR |
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129,611 |
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Jan 1929 |
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CH |
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Primary Examiner: Haroian; Harry N.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Maxon; David A.
Parent Case Text
This is a continuation in part of application Ser. No. 143,212
filed May 13, 1971, now abandoned.
Claims
I claim:
1. In drafting apparatus, the improvements comprising:
a metal drafting board having a slot on its edge;
a straight-edge having a projection extending into said slot;
magnets fixed in said projection forming lines of magnetic force
with said metal drafting board;
ball bearings seated in said projection and rolling in said
slots;
a member slideable along said straight-edge;
a plurality of parallel scales on said drawing board and said
straight-edge;
and means attached to said member for drafting on said board and
making arithmetic and nomographic calculations with said
scales;
said slideable member having a projection extending from said
straight-edge and spaced at a distance from said board;
a protractor fixed on top of said projection;
a magnetic entity secured underneath said projection;
a wheel of magnetic material journaled on said projection;
an arm extending from said wheel between said protractor and said
entity;
and scales on said arm and said protractor.
2. The apparatus in claim 1 and a plurality of scales on said
member.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said straight-edge has a
sloping projection extending downward toward the board and said
member has an indexing groove denoting position on said sloping
projection.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 and grooves in said straight-edge, and
projections on said slideable member sliding in said grooves.
5. The apparatus of claim 4 and ball bearings seated in said
slideable member and rolling in the grooves of said
straight-edge.
6. In drafting apparatus, the improvements comprising:
a drafting board having a central planar portion and right and left
hand corresponding portions attached to the central portion and
having top planar surfaces co-planar with the top surface of said
central portion;
rod-like portions on each of said end portions having grooves
extending along the transverse length thereof;
a straight-edge member having bearing and magnet housings on the
right and left hand sides thereof;
said bearing and magnet housings on said straight-edge having
central axis corresponding with the central axis of said rods and
surrounding said rods and having ball bearing portions engaging the
grooves in said rods and having magnetic portions being attracted
to the metal in said rods whereby said straight-edge is operable to
translate with respect to said rods within a plane parallel to the
plane of the top surface of said drafting board;
a plurality of scales on said straight-edge member;
a protractor carrying member operable to slide and engage the edges
of said straight-edge member in corresponding male-female
relationship;
a magnet located on said protractor carrying member operable to
exert magnetic lines of force for attraction to metal within said
straight-edge member;
a protractor member fixed on said protractor carrying member;
an arm journaled on the center of said protractor member by means
of ball bearings;
said arm carrying a scale;
an arc-like scale on the external edges of a semicircular portion
of said protractor;
said scale on said arm operable to intercept the exterior edge of
said protractor member;
an additional scale on said protractor member in parallel with the
aforesaid scale on said straight-edge member and arranged with
respect thereto to provide Vernier-like computations with respect
to the aforesaid scale on said straight-edge member;
said magnets being permanent magnets and exerting magnetic force
with respect to adjacent metal sufficient to hold one part of the
aforesaid apparatus with respect to another up to a predetermined
threshold of force for overcoming said magnetic force and being
inoperable to hold above that predetermined threshhold.
Description
It has been a practice among draftsmen in the past to utilize
various drafting components and measuring devices in the course of
their work. When the various instruments and implements are not
connected together in such a way as to provide a uniform and
precise fixing and movement of these implements and instruments
from one location to another, various problems arise. One of these
problems is that when the drafting board is tilted, the draftsman
must be careful to hold one or more of these implements in place
while drawing or making measurements. Depending on the angle of
tilt, he must hold with varying pressures. This provides an
unnecessary strain during the process of drafting. Another problem
that arises is that because of different coefficients of friction
between different materials, the draftsman must be careful to move
his instruments with different pressures in order to maintain
uniform lines on his drawings. Another problem that arises when the
various instruments and implements are not connected together is a
predetermined manner so as to provide for uniform fixing and
movement of the various implements, is a problem of parallax when
unconnected instruments are used for measurement. This problem is
particularly acute when several scales are placed in a parallel or
nomograph fashion.
The above problems are substantially alleviated, if not eliminated,
by the practice of this invention. In a preferred embodiment of
this invention, a drafting board is provided with magnets on a
straight edge. Male and female corresponding guide members provide
a track for a straight-edge to move up and down on the drafting
board. Ball bearings with slots to provide translation of the ball
bearings reduce the friction between the straight-edge and the
drawing board in an alternative embodiment. The electromagnets may
be selectively energized to fix the straight-edge at any
predetermined position. Male and female guide members provide a
track for a member to slide across the straight-edge member. This
slideable member is provided with rotatable means for holding an
arm or drawing member. A protractor may also be fixed to a
slideable member. When the drawing member or arm is rotated with
respect to the slideable member, the angle of movement of the arm
can be determined from the protractor. Scales are provided
horizontally on the straight-edge member. Vertical scales are
provided on the surface of the drawing board. Scales may also be
provided on the arm member. A wheel concentric with the center of
rotation of the arm member with respect to the slideable member is
provided. This wheel may be selectively magnetized to hold a
predetermined position.
It is the object of this invention to provide a uniform means of
fixing and translating and rotating drafting implements from one
location to another on a drafting board for the measurement of
distances and directions and to assist the drawing thereof. It is
another object of this invention to provide means for
predetermining the upper limit of friction between drafting
implements on the drawing board and means of uniformly overcoming
such friction in order to provide more uniform and accurate
drawings. These and other objects of this invention will appear in
the following description and appended claims, referring to the
accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification.
ON THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a partial top plan view of the preferred embodiment of
this invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the apparatus illustrated in
FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a transverse sectional view of the apparatus illustrated
in FIG. 1; and
FIG. 4 is a view of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1.
FIG. 5 is a plan view of an alternative embodiment of this
invention;
FIG. 6 is a transverse sectional view of the apparatus shown in
FIG. 5 taken along the lines 6--6 thereof;
FIG. 7 is an enlarged plan view of a portion of the apparatus shown
in FIG. 5;
FIG. 8 is a transverse sectional view of the apparatus shown in
FIG. 7 taken along the lines 8--8 thereof;
FIG. 9 is a top plan view of a portion of the apparatus shown in
FIG. 5;
FIG. 10 is a top plan view of a portion of the apparatus shown in
FIG. 5;
FIG. 11 is a top plan view of a portion of the apparatus shown in
FIG. 5;
FIG. 12 is a transverse sectional view of a portion of the
apparatus shown in FIG. 9 taken along the lines 12--12 thereof;
FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of the apparatus
shown in FIG. 5 taken along the lines 13--13 thereof;
FIG. 14 is a partial transverse sectional view of a portion of the
apparatus shown in FIG. 5; and
FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of the apparatus
shown in FIG. 14 taken along the lines 15--15 thereof.
FIG. 16 shows a drafting triangle useable with the projection 64 of
FIG. 1.
Before explaining the present invention in detail, it is to be
understood that the invention is not limited in its application to
the details in construction and arrangement of parts illustrated in
the accompanying drawings since the invention is capable of other
embodiments and of being practiced or carried out in various
ways.
Also it is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology
employed herein are for the purpose of description and not of
limitation.
AS SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS
In the preferred embodiment of this invention, there is a metal
drawing board member 10. This drawing board member may be tilted at
any angle with respect to a base (not shown). On the right hand
side 12 of this drawing board member, are a plurality of scales 14.
The surface 16 of the drawing board member 10 is any surface
suitable for both the holding of drawing paper and sufficiently
hard to allow drawing on the drawing paper when it rests on the
surface. The surface 16 may be wooden.
A straight-edge member 30 is provided to slide up and down the
surface of the drafting board or drawing board. This straight-edge
member has a transverse tab or projection 32 that fits into the
slot 22. This tab or projection 32 may be regarded as a male
component, and the slot 22 may be regarded as a female component of
means for guiding the straight-edge member in a straight
translational path up and down the drawing board and constraining
the straight-edge from moving at an angle other than 90.degree.
with respect to the edge 12 of the drawing board.
The ball bearings 42 are placed in groove seats 44 in the male
extending projection 32 of the straight-edge member. These ball
bearings provide a uniform means of reducing the friction between
the straight-edge member and the drawing board so that the force
necessary to uniformly move the straight-edge from one position to
another with respect to the drawing board can be predetermined.
The straight-edge member has slots 52 in its forward and rearward
sides. These slots extend across the straight-edge member. They
provide a track for translation of a slideable member 60 across the
straight-edge member. Just as the sides of the drawing board with
its slot 22 provides a track for a vertical translation of the
straight edge member, the slots 52 in the straight edge member
provide a track for horizontal translation of the slideable member
60 across the drawing board. The forward and rearward sides of the
slideable member 60 have projections 62 which correspond with and
fit into the slots 52. The projections 62 can be regarded as a male
component, and the slots 52 may be regarded as the female
components of guiding portions for the horizontal translation of
the slideable member 60.
In an alternative embodiment of this invention, the guiding
portions for the translation of the slideable member 60 can be
provided with ball bearing seats, grooves, and ball bearings for
the uniform reduction of friction between these members. However,
the provision of this ball bearing means is not as necessary as
such provision for the sliding of the straight-edge member with
respect to the drawing board. The reason for this is that while the
friction between the drawing board and the straight-edge member may
vary substantially at various angles of tilting of the drawing
board, this is not so true in the case of the friction between the
straight edge and the sliding member 60 because the latter
translate horizontally and not vertically. Consequently, the
control of friction between the elements to provide uniform sliding
is not as difficult.
In the preferred embodiment of this invention, the slideable member
60 has a projection 64 extending away from the straight-edge member
30 and towards the forward end of the drawing board member 10. A
protractor 70 is rigidly secured to this projection 64. This can be
done by means of bolts and wing nuts. The bottom surface 74 of the
protractor 70 has a portion that rests on the top surface of the
projection 64. The protractor has a center 76 for arcuate scale 78
laid out on the top of the protractor. A magnetic member 79 is
secured underneath the projection 64.
Concentric with the center 76 of the protractor, and journaled to
the projection 64 of the slideable member 60, is an arm 78. The
journaling of the arm 78 to the projection 64 is accomplished by
means of a bushing or bearing 80. The arm 78 has a portion 82 that
traverses or rotates underneath the protractor 70 and has a
thickness less than the thickness of the projection 64.
Another portion 84 of the arm 78 is thicker than the portion 82 and
extends beyond the protractor 70. This arm or drawing member 78 may
have scales on its top surface. It can be used in conjunction with
the protractor to measure and draw lines and angles with respect to
the center 76 of the protractor.
In the preferred embodiment of this invention, a circular disc or
wheel 90 is journaled on the projection 64 of the slideable member
60, and is concentric with the journaling of the arm 78 and the
center 76 of the protractor 70. The wheel 90 contains a permanent
magnet forming lines of magnetic force with the magnetic member 79.
The slideable member 60 is composed of ferrous or other
magnetizable material. The magnetic field set up between the wheel
90 and the magnetic member 79 assist in providing a predetermined
level of force that can be selectively overcome by the draftsman.
This force helps to hold the arm 78 in a predetermined position and
yet is small enough to allow selective movement from one location
to another by the draftsman.
In the preferred embodiment of this invention, horizontal scales
are provided on the top surface of the straight-edge member 30. An
index in the form of a groove is provided on the slideable member
to the scales. This index or groove 92 is in the line of sight with
the center 76 of the protractor such that the line of sight is
perpendicular to the straight-edge member. In this manner, the
center of the protractor can be precisely located with minimum
error due to parallax.
The straight-edge member 30 can be precisely located with respect
to the scale 14 on the drawing board. Since the center of the
protractor 76 can be precisely located with respect to scales on
the straight-edge member, and the extended portion 86 of the arm 78
can be moved to an angle that intercepts the scales 14, precise
location of directions and distances can be measured and drawn with
the above described apparatus. It can be appreciated that
nomographs and nomographic calculations can be derived efficiently,
expeditiously, and accurately with this invention.
In an alternative embodiment, the protractor 70 and arm 78 and
wheel 90 can be replaced with drafting triangles secured to the
projection 64 and the slideable member 60. In this manner
directions and distances can be efficiently mapped and drawn with
projections at specified angles. For example, if it is desired to
make a 30.degree. projection from an orthographic set of
projections, a 30.degree.-60.degree.-90.degree. triangle can be
secured to the projection 64 on the slideable member 60, and the
30.degree. projection can be made with precise measurement of
distances.
In the preferred embodiment of this invention, the structure on the
right hand side of the drawing board member and the straight edge
member is duplicated on the left hand side of the drawing board
member and straight edge member. Thus, there are male
projection-female slot means for guiding the straight edge member
along the drawing board; ball bearing means for reducing friction;
and magnets for selectively controlling the movement or fixing of
the straight edge on the drawing board on the left hand side as
well as the right hand side of these members.
The male projection or tab 32 on the right hand side of the
straight edge member, that fits into and cooperates with the female
slot 22 in the right hand side of the drawing board member, is
duplicated in mirror image fashion on the left hand side. The male
tab or projection or tab on the right hand side, and the
corresponding tab on the left hand side, both contain magnets 33
that cooperate with ferrous or other magnetizable material within
the drawing board to hold the straight edge member at a selected
position. In an alternative embodiment circuits (not shown) are
contained within the drawing board to carry electrical energy to
the electromagnets when a switch (not shown) is thrown by the
draftsman. These circuits can be alternatively located below the
drawing board rather than intregally within its, provided that they
have shielded leads to the electromagnets in the board.
A magnet 61 is also provided in the slideable member 60 to help
hold the slideable member 60 in a selected position and yet be weak
enough to move easily by hand to another selected position. This
magnet 61 has magnetic force attracting it to the metal in the
straight edge.
From the foregoing description of preferred and alternative
embodiments of this invention, it can be appreciated that a
plurality of drafting components can be constructed according to
the teaching of this invention such that friction between them can
be uniformly controlled, positions firmly held without undue strain
on the draftsman, and accurate measurement and drawing of distances
and directions can be readily obtained.
An additional alternative embodiment of the invention is shown in
FIGS. 5 through 15. In general, in this alternative embodiment of
the invention, a cylindrical apparatus holding the straight-edge is
shown as having ball bearings in a circular array around a
horizontally displaced rod that is circular in its outside surface.
In addition, magnets are circularly arrayed around the rod in those
members holding the straight-edge. A variation from the first
preferred embodiment of the invention is exhibited in this
alternative embodiment. This variation relates to means holding the
protractor on a member connecting to the straight-edge. This
additional means comprises a bushing and a circular array of ball
bearings. Another variation relates to the fact that the protractor
can slide horizontally on the straight-edge as can the rulers.
Referring directly to the drawings in FIGS. 5 through 15, the
drawing apparatus is referred to generally as numeral 100. A
knurled handle 102 is provided which is fixed to the top of the
protractor rule 104 to allow easy grasping and manipulation. A
ruler 106 is provided. This ruler slides up and down for making
measurements. The ruler 106 is attached to an arm 108. The right
side of the arm 108 can be used to indicate an angle with respect
to the protractor 110 as will be described more fully below.
The assembly containing the protractor 110 and arm 108 is attached
to an aluminum straight-edge 112.
The drawing board apparatus 100 comprises a central portion 114 and
end portion assemblies 116, 118 located on the right and left hand
sides of the central board portion 114 respectively. A
straight-edge member 120 is provided on the aluminum straight-edge
assembly 112. A Vernier scale can be provided on the side of the
ruler.
Rod portions 122, 124 are substantially right circular cylindrical
rods located on the left and right hand extremities of the left and
right hand portions 116 and 118 of the board 100 respectively.
A notch 126 is provided in the arm 108 of the protractor in meeting
the angular measurements graduated along the edge of the surface of
the protractor 110. This portion of the protractor indicated at
numeral 128 is the top portion of the protractor 110. An aperture
130 of an indicator member for determining straight edge
measurements from the ruler is provided.
The arm of the protractor slides with respect to the straight-edge,
or the ruler of the straight-edge, from an inner magnet to the
straight-edge.
The straight-edge indicator member 132 is connected to the
protractor, and points out measurements on the scales on the
straight-edge. A male projecting flange 134 extends upwardly and
outwardly from a protractor containing member and is designed to
engage a surface of the straight-edge for sliding thereon.
A projection of the protractor carrying member projects into a
corresponding female portion of the straight-edge for sliding
therewithin in a horizontal direction.
A metal portion 138 of the protractor carrying portion has an arc
portion that engages a wheel. The wheel rotates with respect to the
portion 138 and portion 138 has an outer arc portion that
corresponds to a corresponding inner arc of the protractor portion
140.
A space 142 within the portion 138, 146, wherein the movement of
the protractor projecting arc portion 128 is confined. A flange is
provided in the central part of the downward exterior portion of
the ruler that acts as a male member in projecting in a
corresponding female bevel within the straight-edge for sliding
engagement therewith. A bottom portion 152 of a three part portion
of the protractor is provided. This bottom portion 152 is on the
bottom surface of this three part portion.
A magnet 154 is located on the protractor which attracts to
corresponding portions of the protractor. A female part 156 is
located on the upper part of the sliding ruler.
The end 158 of the ruler is located in the inner cylinder magnets.
The cylinder block itself is designated by numeral 160 which is
attached to the straight-edge. The female receiving portion of the
ruler is designated by numeral 162. The corresponding male part of
the protractor bearing portion is provided at numeral 164.
A wheel 166 is provided on the arm of the protractor. A bushing 168
is provided radially inward and concentric with the wheel 166. Ball
bearings 170 are provided radially inward of a race 172 for the
ball bearings. A connector 174 connects the upper and lower part of
the protractor and the arm of the protractor in a corresponding
coaxial rotational engagement. A fastener 176 holds the upper and
lower part of the protractor carrying member together.
A strip of metal 178 is fixed to the straight-edge and is attracted
by a magnet 180 on the indicator or protractor carrying portions.
Female receiving portions 182 and 184 are carried on the
straight-edge for receiving portions of the indicator or protractor
carrying portions. Ball bearings 186 are carried within the
housings 160 for sliding engagement with the rods 122.
It can be appreciated from the foregoing description of the
alternative embodiment of the invention that a drafting apparatus
has been provided that has a plurality of ball bearings and
magnetic arrangements whereby an optimum precision can be achieved
in utilizing the apparatus for drafting in holding the appropriate
draft instruments in the correct position for drawing and also
providing relative ease in moving such instruments to a different
location in an efficient manner to expedite drawings made with this
apparatus.
* * * * *