U.S. patent number 3,824,725 [Application Number 05/283,100] was granted by the patent office on 1974-07-23 for pole banner sign construction.
This patent grant is currently assigned to The Massillon-Cleveland-Akron Sign Company. Invention is credited to Thomas Friedrichsen.
United States Patent |
3,824,725 |
Friedrichsen |
July 23, 1974 |
POLE BANNER SIGN CONSTRUCTION
Abstract
A pole banner sign construction which has rugged permanent
hardware for supporting a flexible banner generally in a fixed
position on a pole. All of the hardware excepting simple mounting
plates at the upper and lower ends of the banner is removable from
the pole. A simple rectangular flexible banner is supported under
tension on the hardware and is adapted to be folded into a small
package for shipment in an envelope. Rigid pull rods are located in
hems at the upper and lower edges of the flexible banner. The
hardware support means at the upper and lower ends of the flexible
banner holds the pull rods in parallelism and maintains
longitudinal tensional pull on the flexible banner between the
rigid parallel pull rods. The hardware in maintaining the pull rod
parallelism under tension also holds the pull rods against pivotal
movement on, or twisting and turning movement about, the pole. A
pair of flexible banners may be mounted in the same way on opposite
sides of the pole, and any banner may be changed from time to time
without the use of any tools merely by unhooking several hooks from
banner engagement, then transferring pull rods from an initial
banner to a replacement banner, and then hooking the replacement
banner in place.
Inventors: |
Friedrichsen; Thomas
(Massillon, OH) |
Assignee: |
The Massillon-Cleveland-Akron Sign
Company (Massillon, OH)
|
Family
ID: |
23084517 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/283,100 |
Filed: |
August 23, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
40/604 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G09F
17/00 (20130101); G09F 2017/0025 (20130101); G09F
2017/0041 (20130101); G09F 2017/005 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G09F
17/00 (20060101); G09f 007/18 (); G09f
017/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;40/125G,145R,128 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Michell; Robert W.
Assistant Examiner: Pitrelli; John F.
Claims
I claim:
1. In pole sign construction of a type in which a flexible banner
is removably suspended and tensioned on a pole, in which the
flexible banner is formed with a hem at each of its upper and lower
edges, and in which rigid pull rod means is removably mounted on
each hem; the combination of hardware support means adapted to be
mounted at spaced upper and lower locations on the pole for
suspending the flexible banner; the upper and lower support means
including upper and lower mounting plates adapted to be permanently
mounted in fixed spaced relation on the pole; one of the upper and
lower support means also including a rigid suspension plate
removably mounted on one of the mounting plates, a pair of spaced
hooks mounted on the suspension plate engageable in fixed position
with the hemmed edge and pull rod at one end of the flexible
banner; the other of the upper and lower support means also
including a rigid tensioning plate having a pair of spaced hooks
mounted thereon engageable in fixed position with the hemmed edge
and pull rod at the other end of the flexible banner; said other
support means also including a mount-engaging plate,
spring-tensioning means connected to and applying tension between
the tensioning and mount-engaging plates; the spring-tensioning
means including a pair of telescoping tubular members rectangular
in cross-section; a coil spring housed within the telescoped
tubular members, with one end of said coil spring being connected
with one tubular member and with the other end of the coil spring
being connected with the other tubular member; the telescoping
tubular members rectangular in cross section controlling tensioned
movement of the tensioning plate in a plane passing through the
tensioning plate; the mount-engaging plate being removably mounted
on the other mounting plate; the fixed hook engagement between the
ends of the flexible banner and the two pull rods maintaining the
pull rods in parallelism; and the parallel pull rods extending in
directions parallel with said plane and perpendicular with the
direction of movement of the tensioning plate.
2. The construction defined in claim 1 in which the coil spring is
a compression spring; in which the telescoped tubular members
comprise an inner member and an outer member; and in which a first
hook rod connects one end of the spring with one end of the inner
tubular member, and a second hook rod connects the other end of the
spring with the opposite end of the outer tubular member.
3. The construction defined in claim 1 in which the telescoped
tubular members include an inner and an outer member; in which one
end of the inner tubular member is fixed to the tensioning plate;
in which the opposite end of the outer tubular member is fixed to
the mount-engaging plate; and in which a compression coil spring is
housed within the telescoped tubular members normally biasing the
inner tubular member telescoped into the outer tubular member.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED PATENT
The invention involves improvement in the construction of the pole
banner sign shown in Mollet and Friedrichsen U.S. Pat. No.
3,589,048.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to banner display signs mounted on poles.
Pole signs historically have been of great marketing importance in
the oil and gasoline retail industry as an effective means of
attracting the passing motorist to the retail outlet.
Flexible pole signs of the types shown in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,764,830
and 3,589,048 have been received favorably by the oil and gasoline
retail industry and long have served the stated marketing purposes.
Such pole signs involve flexible banner members supported at their
upper ends and spring tensioned at their lower ends on a pole. The
flexible banner members sometimes are tied together with spacer
wires at one or both of the top and bottom corners of the flexible
banners. The tops of the flexible banners have pivotal connection
at the upper pole support means in the device of U.S. Pat. No.
2,764,830, and the lower ends of the banners have pivotal
spring-tensioned connection with the lower pole support means of
the devices of both U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,764,830 and 3,589,048. The
flexible banners are detachable for easily changing the banner
message from time to time in an advertising campaign wherein a
series of signs is displayed.
2. Description of the Prior Art
The early design of such pole signs, shown in U.S. Pat. No.
2,764,830, contemplated that substantially all of the hardware for
pivotally supporting and tensioning the flexible banners should be
permanently mounted. However, poorly engineered systems, improper
installations, rusting hardware, etc. have resulted in the majority
of oil companies preferring temporary pole sign systems wherein new
hardward is installed with each pole sign installation.
However, even with temporary systems there is a weak link in that
the dealer who installs the system may do so improperly. He may
provide too much or not enough tension on the flexible banners
which display the sign message. He may not have removed all old
hardware from the pole with the possibility that the old hardware
may poke holes in the new flexible sign banners.
These considerations have led to long periods of testing of many
permanent and temporary hardware systems for flexible pole signs,
and to testing of various flexible banner and hardware arrangements
and mountings, for determining the best way in which to resist
injury, damage or destruction of the flexible banners by the
infinitely varying weather conditions to which the signs may be
subjected.
In the past, testing of the effect of weather conditions on various
sign structures has involved long and time-consuming tests without
always necessarily subjecting the signs to the worst weather
conditions that can occur. That is, heretofore, testing has been
accomplished by erecting various pole sign structures on the roofs
of buildings or at other open test areas, so that the sign is
exposed to the weather conditions that may occur during the test
period, which may run from months, or even may run for more than a
year. Such prior open area testing heretofore has been relied on as
the best means of determining the characteristics of pole sign
constructions. At best, the results of such tests are limited to
the actual changing weather conditions encountered during the test,
regardless of the length of testing time involved; and particularly
to the velocity of winds or kinds of wind, rain, snow or ice
storms, that occurred during the testing period.
Recently a completely new testing procedure has been discovered by
which any flexible pole sign structure and mounting may be tested
under the worst possible weather or wind conditions in a very short
time period of hours or days rather than months or years. Such new
testing procedures can be carried out in a few hours or a few days,
to subject the signs to wind velocity conditions from any
direction, that may exceed 100 miles per hour, as related to the
pole sign construction undergoing test.
Information obtained by such tests has indicated that sign
constructions such as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 3,589,048, are the
least desirable from the standpoint of resisting damage by weather
and wind conditions. This defect was discovered to arise because
the flexible banner components are rigidly held at the top, but
pivotally tensioned at the bottom. With such construction the top
corners of the flexible banner material are subjected to a great
amount of torque when blown by wind gusts, which may tear the
banner material at the banner corners.
Further, it was discovered by such tests that when both the upper
and lower ends of the flexible banner components are pivotally
connected to the pole support means as in U.S. Pat. No. 2,764,830,
as well as in sign structures such as shown in U.S. Pat. Nos.
2,882,630, 2,893,147, 3,310,899 and 3,581,420, torque at the top
corners of the flexible banners is relieved somewhat, and the
flexible banners can, by twisting motion around the pole dump heavy
wind gusts. However, relative twisting and pivoting of the upper
with respect to the lower supports can subject the flexible banners
to some torque loading.
That is, the devices of U.S. Pat. No. 2,764,830, wherein the
flexible banner components are pivotally supported at their upper
and lower ends on the pole under tension, and wherein the corners
of two opposite flexible banner components are tied together by
spacer wires, are less subject to damage from wind and weather
conditions than devices of U.S. Pat. No. 3,589,048, wherein the two
flexible banner components are rigidly mounted at their upper ends
on the pole and pivotally tension supported at their lower ends on
the pole.
The new testing procedures led to the further discoveries that most
materials from which the flexible banners are made, are strong
enough in themselves to withstand the heaviest wind gusts, if all
torque effect on and twisting of the flexible banners is
eliminated. I have discovered that this may be accomplished by
holding the upper and lower ends of the flexible banner material in
fixed headers, while at the same time maintaining sufficient spring
tension on the flexible material to accommodate stretch and
billowing factors or forces on the material.
These discoveries have led to a complete change in the requirements
for and engineering of flexible pole sign constructions and systems
to avoid failures, to provide for changing the flexible banners to
change messages, and to provide designs of various kinds of
heardware most acceptable to particular purchasers, installers or
users of pole signs.
Thus, a need has been presented, as a result of these discoveries,
for rugged. permanent hardware having the beneficial
characteristics of the construction of U.S. Pat. No. 3,589,048,
while avoiding the disastrous torque difficulties encountered in
the use thereof, such that flexible banners may be tensioned in
position on a pole with hardware that, except for simple
inconspicuous mounting plates, may be removed when not in use, and
which readily may be used to change flexible banners from time to
time without the use of any tools; and wherein the flexible
banners, per se, may be folded in a small conveniently handled
package for envelope shipping in order rigidly to mount and display
successively a series of different flexible banners on the hardware
to carry out an advertising campaign, while eliminating torque
loading on the corners of the flexible banners incident to heavy
wind gusts.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Objectives of the invention include providing a pole banner sign
construction which releasably suspends and mounts a flexible
material rectangular banner member or component in tensioned
condition extending vertically on a pole with the flexible banner
located between upper and lower hardware suspension or support
means of a permanent nature, and which holds and maintains fixed
parallelism of rigid pull rods carried by the upper and lower hems
of the flexible rectangular banner, while holding the pull rods
against pivotal movement on or twisting or turning movement about
the pole to avoid torque loading of the flexible banner material at
the corners thereof, and while at the same time maintaining a
longitudinal tensional pull on the flexible rectangular banner
between the rigid pull rods; providing such permanent suspension or
support means hardware with its principal components removably
mounted on the pole; providing a construction with which successive
flexible banners may be mounted to replace one with another without
the use of any tools; providing a construction in which the
permanent hardware which rigidly holds and maintains the banner
pull rods in parallelism at both ends of the flexible banner member
involves only the engagement of the flexible banner material and
pull rods in hems on the banner by hook members which extend
through the pull rods and flexible material in mounting the
flexible banner on the hardware, and, in turn, on the pole; and
providing a construction which achieves minimum shipping costs for
replacement flexible banner members, by the use of banner member
components which may be folded to small package size and shipped in
relatively small envelopes.
These objectives and advantages may be obtained by the pole banner
sign construction, the general nature of which may be stated as
including the combination of a flexible banner member generally
rectangular in shape, formed of foldable cloth, fabric or plastic
material having a hem at each of its upper and lower edges; a
rigid, preferably metal, rod or tube pull stick member removably
contained in the hem at each upper and lower banner edge upper and
lower hardware support and tensioning means adapted to be mounted
on a pole for suspending the banner component; the upper and lower
support means each comprising a mounting plate adapted to be
permanently mounted on the pole; the upper support means including
a suspension plate removably wedge-mounted on the upper mounting
plate having a pair of spaced hooks engageable in fixed position
with the hemmed edge and pull rod at the upper end of the banner
member; the lower support means including a lower bracket removably
wedge-mounted on the lower mounting plate having a pair of spaced
hooks engageable in fixed position with the hemmed edge and pull
rod at the lower end of the banner member, and spring-tensioning
means connected between the lower spaced hooks and bracket
tensioning the banner member between the upper and lower pull rods;
and the fixed hook engagement between flexible banner and the upper
and lower pairs of hooks maintaining the pull rods in
parallelism.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
A preferred embodiment of the invention -- illustrative of the best
mode in which applicant has contemplated applying the principles --
is set forth in the following description and shown in the drawings
and is particularly and distinctly pointed out and set forth in the
appended claims.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the improved pole banner sign
construction of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view, looking down on
the top of the pole sign in the direction of the arrows 2--2, FIG.
1;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of one of the mounting plates oriented
for use as a part of the lower support hardware of FIG. 1, detached
from a pole;
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the lower support and tensioning
hardware assembly for a flexible banner;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged fragmentary bottom sectional view, looking up
toward the pole sign in the direction of the arrows 5--5, FIG.
1;
FIG. 6 is an enlarged longitudinal sectional view taken on the line
6--6, FIG. 4, showing the lower hardware tensioning assembly,
illustrating the parts thereof in full lines in an unengaged
position, and illustrating the parts in dot-dash lines in a
position when engaged to tension a flexible banner member;
FIG. 7 is a sectional view, on an enlarged scale, with parts broken
away, looking in the direction of the arrows 7--7, FIG. 6; and
FIG. 8 is a fragmentary sectional view looking in the direction of
the arrows 8--8, FIG. 1.
Similar numerals refer to similar parts throughout the various
figures of the drawings.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The improved pole banner sign construction is indicated generally
at 1 and includes a generally rectangular flexible banner member 2,
and upper and lower support and tensioning means, generally
indicated at 3 and 4, for suspending the flexible banner member 2
on the pole 5 under tension. One pole banner sign 1 (FIG. 1) is
mounted on one side of the pole 5, and a similar pole banner sign
1a may be mounted in identically the same manner on the other or
opposite side of the pole 5 completely separate from and
unconnected with the pole banner sign 1.
The upper support means 3 has a mounting plate generally indicated
at 6, and the lower support means 4 has a similar mounting plate 6.
These mounting plates are illustrated in FIG. 3 which shows a plate
6 oriented in the manner in which it is mounted on the pole for the
lower support means 4. Each upper and lower mounting plate 6 is
permanently mounted on a pole 5, by screws 7 (FIGS. 2 and 5) which
extend through holes 8 in the plate 6.
Each mounting plate 6 has a U-shaped member 9 and a connected
winglike plate member 10, with offset shoulders 12 that converge
toward the bottom as shown in FIG. 3 when the mounting plate 6
forms a part of the lower support means 4, and which converge
toward the top when the mounting plate 6 forms a part of the upper
support means 3.
An upper suspension plate 13 having fixed thereon a pair of spaced
hooks 14 with sharpened upwardly directed points 15, is removably
wedge-mounted on the upper mounting plate 6 by slipping portions
thereof located at either side of a downwardly opening trapezoidal
slot formed in plate 13, between the wings 11 and U-shaped member 9
of the upper mounting plate 6. The trapezoidal slot formed in upper
plate 13 may be similar to a slot later described in connection
with the lower support means 4 shown in FIG. 4, and plate 13, hooks
14 and slot in plate 13 may be constructed as shown in said U.S.
Pat. No. 3,589,048.
The lower support means 4 includes a tensioning device connected to
a lower tensioning plate 16 having a pair of spaced hooks 17
thereon with sharpened points 18 directed downwardly as shown.
Lower plate 16 is similar to upper suspension plate 13 excepting
for omission in plate 16 of a trapezoidal slot which is present in
upper plate 13.
Lower tensioning plate 16 preferably is welded at 19 to the upper
end of an inner tubular spring housing member 20, preferably
rectangular in cross section, which is telescoped within a similar
outer tubular member 21 welded at 22 to a lower mountengaging plate
23 having an offset shoulder 24 terminating in bifurcated end 25
which is formed with an upwardly opening trapezoidal slot 26. Slot
26 is similar to the slot formed in upper suspension plate 13.
A coiled compression spring 27 with a lower connecting hook rod 28
and an upper connecting hook rod 29 extending through the coil
(FIG. 7) is located within the telescoped squared spring housing
tubes 20 and 21. Each hook rod 28 and 29 has a hook 30 at one end
engaged with an end of the coil spring 27, and each has a
projecting eye 31 at the other end thereof. The eye 31 of lower
hook rod 28 engages a bolt 32 extending through the lower end of
outer tube 21. The eye 31 of upper hook rod 29 engages a bolt 33
extending through the upper end of inner squared tube 20, normally
to bias inner tube 20 telescoped into outer tube 21, as indicated
by the arrow 34 in FIG. 7, to the normal position shown in full
lines in FIG. 6.
When the lower plate 23 is held in fixed position on lower mounting
plate 6 (FIG. 1) and an upward pull indicated by the arrow 35, is
exerted on the hooks 17, as shown by the dot-dash position of FIG.
6, spring 27 is compressed and exerts a tensional reaction on the
hooks 17 to counter the directional pull represented by the arrow
35.
The flexible generally rectangular banner 2 may be formed of
foldable cloth, fabric or plastic material with a hem 36 formed at
each of its upper and lower edges. The flexible banner 2 may be
imprinted with, or otherwise display, an advertising sign or
message on its surface facing outwardly with respect to the pole,
viewing FIG. 1. A rigid pull rod, preferably a metal tube 37, is
inserted in each hem 36 of the flexible banner 2 for suspending the
banner 2 on the pole 5. Holes 38 are formed in pull rod tube 37 to
receive the hooks 14, the banner fabric in hems 36 being punched
opposite holes 38.
The removable upper suspension member 13 is assembled and mounted
on the upper mounting plate 6, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 to install
a flexible banner 2 on a pole 5. In a similar manner, the
bifurcated end 25 of lower plate 23 is engaged with the lower
mounting plate 6, as shown in FIG. 1. The upper end of flexible
banner 2 and the pull rod 37 at the upper hem 36 are engaged by the
spaced hooks 14 of the upper suspension plate 13, the hook points
15 extending through pull rod holes 38, as shown in FIGS. 1 and
2.
The lower tension plate 16 of the lower support means 4 then is
pulled upward, as indicated by the arrow 35 in FIG. 6, against the
tension of spring 27, and the hooks 17 are engaged with the lower
edge of flexible banner 2 and through holes 38 in pull rod 37 in
the lower hem 36.
In this manner the flexible banner 2 is suspended and tensioned
between its fixed upper and controlled lower edges on the pole 5.
The upper end of the flexible banner 2 is held in the rigid fixed
position shown by the upper pull rod 37 and hooks 14, and pivotal
movement of the upper banner end, with respect to the pole 5 or
swinging movement thereof around the pole is prevented by the fixed
position of the upper pull rod.
Similarly, the lower plate 16 and spaced hooks 17 thereon, extend
through holes 38 in the lower pull rod 37, hold the lower end of
the flexible banner 2 against any pivotal movement with respect to
the pole 5, or any swinging movement around the pole. The upper and
lower pull rods are maintained in parallelism against any relative
movement excepting tensioned vertical movement of the lower pull
rod upward toward the upper pull rod.
Such tensioned movement can occur if wind blows the flexible banner
2 to billow it outward or inward with respect to the pole 5. Such
blowing or billowing of flexible banner 2 is resisted by the
tension of the lower support means 4 returning the banner to a taut
position as shown in FIG. 1, when the wind gust subsides.
The fundamental aspect of the invention involves maintaining
parallelism of the upper and lower pull rods 37 engaged with the
upper and lower hems 36 of the flexible banner 2 so that there can
be no relative movement of one portion of the banner 2 with respect
to another portion or with respect to the pole 5, or between the
pull rods and pole excepting for billowing of banner 2 and vertical
movement of the lower pull rod 37 with respect to the upper pull
rod in parallel relation. This control prevents torque forces from
being imparted to the flexible member 2 at its top and bottom
corners, which in prior structures has resulted in tearing of, and
damage to, the flexible banner 2 from windstorms, weather, etc.
It is usual, as shown in FIG. 1, to mount two banners back-to-back
on any pole to display in opposite directions signs suspended from
the pole. This is accomplished as illustrated in FIG. 1 by
permanently mounting the upper and lower mounting plates 6 on the
pole 5 in properly spaced relation. Other than the fact that plates
6 are mounted on the pole, there is no connection between the
banner sign 1 on one side of the pole and the sign 1a on the other
side of the pole 5.
Advertising campaigns frequently use a series of advertising
messages displayed one after another from poles 5 located at
service stations. In accordance with the invention, this is
accomplished by replacing flexible banners 2 with new banners from
time to time. The replacement can be accomplished readily merely by
unhooking flexible banners 2 from the hooks 14 and 17 and pull rods
37, then by removing pull rods 37 from the banners to be discarded,
then by inserting the pull rods 37 into the hems of replacement
banners 2, then by punching holes in the fabric of new banners
opposite the pull rod holes 38, and then by suspending the new
banners from the hooks 14 and 17 with the hooks extending through
the pull rods at the upper and lower ends of each flexible banner
2. No tools of any nature whatsoever are required to make such
change, all hardware being present at and remaining on the pole
during such change.
If a campaign is terminated and no new banner is to be displayed
from the pole 5 for a period of time, the banners 2 are removed.
The pull rods 37 and upper suspension plates 13 and lower
tensioning plates 16 assembled with the telescoping spring housing
20-21 are removed from the pole 5 and stored at the service
station. Only inconspicuous mounting plates 6 and bolts 7 remain on
the pole.
All hardware is of rugged and strudy construction and may be formed
of rust-resisting or nylon coated metal components which are
trim-appearing when installed. The spring tensioning means is
enclosed in the telescoped square tube housing which conceals the
spring. The telescoped tubes 21 and 22, sliding one inside the
other, allow the flexible banner 2 to flex up and down from wind
gusts and to compensate for material stretch. The square tubes 21
and 20 do not allow the flexible banner 2 to torque thereby keeping
stress off of its corners. At the same time the square tube control
of tensioned banner movement only up and down, and the fixed
mounting of the upper end of the flexible banner eliminates the
necessity of all spacer wires, required for the device of U.S. Pat.
No. 2,764,830.
Finally, the mounting plates 6 can be easily mounted permanently on
any kind of pole by using self-tapping screws at 7. The pole may be
drilled initially and the screw run in with a socket wrench.
Another means of installing the mounting plates 6 is to use an
electric torque wrench, the screw 7 drilling its own hole and
threading itself into the pole.
Accordingly, the new pole banner sign construction provides a sign
which incorporates all the advantageous characteristics of the sign
of U.S. Pat. No. 3,589,048 while eliminating the undesirable
flexible banner damaging torque characteristic; provides a
construction utilizing permanent hardware in which only the
flexible banners per se are changed and discarded to change signs;
provides a construction in which rigid pull rods located in hems at
the end of a flexible banner are mounted with one end fixed in
position on a pole, and with the other controlled so that it can
only move vertically with respect to the pole in parallelism with
the one; provides a construction in which the flexible banner
mounted and controlled as indicated may be tensioned to compensate
for and absorb the force of wind tending to blow the flexible
banner out of stretched, taut position, and to billow the flexible
material; provides a flexible banner which may be mounted to
achieve the stated advantages and which may be folded into a small
package and shipped in an envelope to a place of use; provides a
new construction which may be mounted readily on any kind, type,
size or material of any existing pole; and provides a construction
eliminating difficulties that have characterized prior devices and
which solves problems which have been discovered to exist in the
art.
In the foregoing description, certain terms have been used for
brevity, clearness and understanding; but no unnecessary
limitations are to be implied therefrom beyond the requirements of
the prior art, because such terms are used for descriptive purposes
and are intended to be broadly construed.
Moreover, the description and illustration of the invention is by
way of example, and the scope of the invention is not limited to
the exact details shown or described.
Having now described the features, discoveries, and principles of
the invention, the manner in which the improved pole sign
construction is constructed and used, the characteristics of the
new construction, and the advantageous, new and useful results
obtained; the new and useful structures, devices, elements,
arrangements, parts and combinations are set forth in the appended
claims.
* * * * *