U.S. patent number 3,823,680 [Application Number 05/341,308] was granted by the patent office on 1974-07-16 for underseas transport system.
Invention is credited to O. Robert Straumsnes.
United States Patent |
3,823,680 |
Straumsnes |
July 16, 1974 |
UNDERSEAS TRANSPORT SYSTEM
Abstract
An underwater transport system comprising buoyant self-propelled
vehicles which are secured to an underwater cable track which
positively guides the vehicles along their routes and secures the
vehicles under the water. A guidance cable is supported by
floatation chambers by means of pillars fixedly secured to the
underside of the cable. The floatation chambers are anchored to the
sea floor. The vehicles are secured to the cable by means of
connectors which are constructed in a manner to allow passage of
the connector over the pillar support of the cable. The vehicles
are provided with visual and electronic signal means for
communication with terminal stations and/or which automatically
send out emergency signals should the vehicles break away from the
cable and rise to the water surface.
Inventors: |
Straumsnes; O. Robert (White
Plains, NY) |
Family
ID: |
26860122 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/341,308 |
Filed: |
March 14, 1973 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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163955 |
Jul 19, 1971 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
114/73; 440/35;
104/71; 114/321 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B63H
15/00 (20130101); B63G 8/001 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B63G
8/00 (20060101); B63H 15/00 (20060101) |
Field of
Search: |
;114/.5R,.5T,16R
;115/7,8 ;104/71,72,112,114 ;9/9 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
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3604389 |
September 1971 |
Roberts et al. |
3765185 |
October 1973 |
Peck et al. |
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Primary Examiner: King; Lloyd L.
Assistant Examiner: Reese; Randolph A.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Irons, Sears & Santorelli
Parent Case Text
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a continuation-in-part of my copending
application Ser. No. 163,955 filed on July 19, 1971, now abandoned.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. An underwater transport system comprising independently
propelled vehicles having positive floatation characteristics, a
guidance cable suspended above the surface of the sea bottom and
below the water surface thereof by a series of floatation chambers
to which the guidance cable is permanently secured, said floatation
chambers being anchored to the sea floor, securing means for
positively connecting said vehicles to said guidance cable in
rolling engagement therewith, said guidance cable serving as a
guide for said vehicles and to restrain said vehicles from any
upward motion from the cable, an annular pillar connecting the
lower surface of said guidance cable with said floatation chambers,
said securing means engageable with the upper and lower surfaces of
said cable for connecting said vehicles to said cable and capable
of passing said pillars without disengaging said vehicle from said
guidance cable.
2. An underwater transport system as claimed in claim 1 wherein
said securing means comprises a rotatable wheel secured below said
vehicle in a manner to rotate in contact with the top surface of
said cable and plural pairs of tendon members extending on either
side of said securing means below said cable and carrying bevelled
rollers which rotate on horizontal axes under said guidance cable
and are normally in rolling contact with the lower surface of said
cable and are spaced slightly apart from each other along said
horizontal axes under said guidance cable, said rollers bevelled on
the inward surfaces thereof such that when they come in contact
with the annular pillar connecting said floatation tanks to said
guidance cable, they are spread apart so as to pass around said
pillar, said tendon members being flexible so as to spread apart
and then return said rollers together after passing said
pillar.
3. An underwater transport system as claimed in claim 2 wherein
said vehicles are provided with electronic and visual signal
means.
4. An underwater transport system as claimed in claim 2 wherein
said guidance cable terminates underwater at a shore station in a
horizontal tunnel at the intersection of a vertical shaftway, the
end of said cable being connected to the base of said tunnel by an
annular pillar secured to the bottom of said guidance cable.
5. An underwater transport system as claimed in claim 1 wherein
said securing means comprises a fastener body having a longitudinal
tunnel therein, said tunnel having a diameter slightly larger than
the external diameter of said guidance cable and surrounding said
guidance cable so as to secure said vehicle to said cable, said
tunnel having a longitudinal opening at the base thereof having a
width smaller than the diameter of said guidance cable but larger
than the diameter of said pillars thereby permitting said vehicle
to move along said cable and pass said support pillar.
6. An underwater transport system as claimed in claim 5 wherein
said tunnel is lined with a plurality of ball beaing units.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention:
This invention relates to an underwater transport system designed
for the guiding of independently propelled cargo vehicles having
positive floatation characteristics which vehicles are secured to a
guidance cable suspended below the surface of the water and above
the ocean floor by a series of floatation chambers to which the
guidance cable is permanently connected. The floatation chambers
are anchored to the sea floor. The invention is primarily concerned
with a system for transporting cargo under the surface of the water
by independently propelled cargo carriers which are positively
connected to a guidance cable and which vehicles will rise to the
water surface should they break free of the guidance cable.
The invention is particularly concerned with an underseas transport
system which is capable of economically and safely transporting
petroleum and other cargoes as well as passengers.
At present, great concern exists for the environmental hazards
involved in transporting petroleum by large surface tankers which,
should they be damaged, constitute an extreme environmental threat
should the petroleum leak into the water in significant
quantities.
The present invention eliminates these hazards by providing
independent carriers having positive floatation characteristics
which are propelled under the sea surface and positively guided by
way of fixation to an under surface guidance cable thereby
eliminating all navigational hazards. In addition, the cargo
carriers are of relatively small size when compared with what are
now known as "super tankers". Each vehicle is positively connected
with the guidance cable and designed so that should it break loose
from the guidance cable, it will automatically surface and send out
electronic warning signals as well as visual signals.
The underseas transport system described in the present
specification thus eliminates or greatly minimizes the major
environmental hazards involved in the transportation of petroleum
and the like by sea.
2. Prior Art:
The submarine guidance system described in U.S. Pat. No. 694,486
Leps discloses an underwater guidance cable suspended from a series
of towers constructed on the surface of a shallow sea bed.
Submarines which are guided by such cables are provided with
rolling wheels which are guided along the under surface of the
cable. The cable serves merely as a guide and does not positively
lock the submarine on the cable to assure its positive control. In
the Leps system, the up and down directional controls normally
required for free-running submarines are also required because of
the lack of positive guidance for the manned vehicle. In the system
described in this specification, the vehicles may be unmanned and
are positively secured to the guiding cable, providing a much
greater degree of safety and control.
In addition, since in the present invention, the cable is suspended
between floatation chambers anchored to the sea bottom rather than
suspended from tower structures, it is much easier to construct
Applicant's cable suspension system than that disclosed in the Leps
patent.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is directed to an economical and reliable
underseas transport system which is particularly useful in
minimizing the environmental hazards in the transportation of
petroleum. The selfpropelled vehicles are positively secured to an
underseas guidance cable which is suspended from positive
floatation chambers which are anchored to the surface of the sea
bed. Each vehicle is provided with floatation chambers which may be
controlled so that the vehicle always has sufficient bouyancy to
exert a slight upward pull on the cable to which it is secured and
which also assures that, should the vehicle break free from the
cable, it will rise to the surface. The vehicle is provided with
visual and electronic alarm systems which would become activated
when the vehicle surfaced. The vehicle also is provided with signal
systems for control from shore stations which indicate its position
on the cable and control its speed.
The guidance cable is suspended between floatation chambers which
are anchored to the sea bed. The cable is secured to the chambers
by annular pillars which are welded or otherwise secured to the
under surface of the cable. Means are provided on the lower surface
of said vehicles for connecting the vehicles to the guidance cable
and these connecting means are capable of passing said connecting
pillars without disengaging the vehicle from said guidance cable.
The connecting means are also designed so that the vehicle is easiy
removed from said cable at the terminal point of the cable under
the sea surface at shore or intermediate terminals.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is an overall perspective view of the underwater transport
system of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a side view partially in section of a representative
shore station of the underwater transport system.
FIG. 3 is a side view partially in section of a self-propelled
cargo unit for the underwater system of transport.
FIG. 4 is a partial side view of the lower portion of a cargo
carrier showing one type of connection for attaching it to the
underwater carrier cable.
FIG. 5 is a view taken along line V--V of FIG. 4.
FIG. 6 is an end view partially in section of the cable connector
of FIG. 3.
FIG. 7 is an enlargement showing the contours of the rollers 60 of
FIG. 6.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The above invention can be illustrated by the following description
of certain preferred embodiments with reference being made to the
accompanying drawing.
The operation of the underwater transport system of the present
invention is illustrated generally in FIGS. 1 and 2 of the
accompanying drawing.
FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of the system under the surface of
the sea and suspended above the bottom of the sea. The cargo
carriers 10 are independently propelled by interior machinery
driving propellers 11 on each vehicle. Optionally, vehicle 10 may
be connected serially to a number of non-propelled vehicles 10a to
form in effect an underwater train. Each of the vehicles is
positively connected to the suspended cable 20 by a fastening
arrangement 30 which will be described in greater detail below. The
cable 20 is suspended between a series of bouyant floatation tanks
24 which are secured to the cable by pillars or straps 26 which are
welded to the underside of the cable. The floatation tanks 24 are
anchored to the bottom of the sea by multiple mooring lines 21.
In FIG. 2, there is illustrated a series of vehicles 10 approaching
a short station 41. The units 10 in the station illustrated enter
an underwater tunnel 40 and proceed to the termination 42 of the
tunnel 40 at the bottom of the vertical shaft 43 which communicates
with the tunnel 40 and the surface of the ground. The end of the
cable 20 within the terminal 41 is secured by welding to the pillar
45 at the base of the vertical shaft 43. The pillar 45 is similar
in structure to the pillar 26 of the floatation tanks 24. As the
vehicle approaches the pillar 45, it is first secured by a hoist 44
for raising to the surface or transporting to another communicating
tunnel within the station 41 for mounting on another cable if it is
to be transferred to another route. Optionally, since the
containers have positive floatation characteristics, they may be
permitted to rise to the surface of the tunnel 43 automatically as
they come off the cable at the pillar 45. Also the bulkhead 48
indicated in FIG. 2 may be closed and the water pumped out of the
shaft 43 by apparatus not illustrated in order to effect repairs to
the vehicle 10 at the base of the tunnel 40 should this be
required.
A cargo container 10 is shown in greater detail in FIG. 3. It is
understood that the size and overall shape of the vehicle may vary
within wide design limits but essentially comprises a floatation
chamber 12 which is large enough to provide positive floatation to
the fully loaded vehicle. Known means may be utilized for varying
the degree of floatation if desired.
Cargo holds or passenger sections 13 are also provided together
with known propulsion machinery shown in section 14 for vehicles 10
which are self-propelled, for example, by propeller 11.
It is also envisioned that, in addition to propeller 11 or in lieu
thereof, the apparatus 30 which secures the vehicle 10 to the cable
20 may be utilized to propel the vehicle 10 along the track 20.
As mentioned, the vehicle 10 is designed to have a positive
bouyancy in order that, should it break away from its securement to
cable 20, it will automatically rise to the water surface. Shown
schematically on the top of vehicle 10 is a radio transmitter 71
for transmitting signals to locate the vehicle 10 should it break
away from the cable and rise to the water surface and/or for
receiving control signals to the vehicle for controlling its speed
and indicating its position on the cable 20 and electronically
transmitting its location to the shore station 41. A light beacon
72 is also indicated for providing additional means of locating the
vehicle when it rises to the surface of the water should it break
away from the cable 20.
The apparatus 30 for securing the vehicle 10 to the cable 20 shown
generally in FIG. 3 is illustrated in greater detail in FIGS. 6 and
7. The apparatus 30 comprises a pair of girder members 50 which
extend downwardly from the base of the vehicle 10 and support the
ends of axle 54 of the large upper wheel 52 as well as fixedly
securing the pair of tendon-like members 56 and 58 which extend
downwardly and then curve inwardly to horizontal arms 62 at the
ends of which rollers 60 are rotatably secured. The girders 50 are
held in place on the axle 54 by known securing means such as nuts
indicated at 59.
As best seen in FIG. 6, the large wheel 52 rolls along the top of
the cable 20 and the vehicle 10 is held firmly to the cable by the
coaction of the roller 52 and the pair of rollers 60 which rotate
along the under surface of the cable 20. The tendon-like members 56
and 58 are flexibly designed so that they will permit the rollers
60 to spread apart when the rollers come in contact with the pillar
26 which connects the floatation chamber 24 with the under surface
of the cable 20 to which it is welded.
As best shown in FIG. 7, the rollers 60 are designed with the
surface 64 curved to conform to the curvature of the underside of
the cable 20 and the surface is cammed as shown at 66 and the
interior of the roller 68 curves as shown so as to force the
tendons 56 and 58 apart as the rollers 60 come in contact with the
circular pillars 26. At least two sets of the rollers 60 are
provided as shown in FIG. 3 so that at least one set is always
riding under the cable 20 to assure attachment of the vehicle 10 to
the cable 20.
The rollers 60 are mounted on the bearings at the ends of the
horizontal arms 62 of the tendon members 56 and 58. The pair of
wheels 60 are spaced apart slightly underneath the center of the
cable 20. As the rollers 60 come in contact with the annular pillar
26, they and the tendons 56 and 58 are spread apart, and as soon as
the pillar 26 is passed, immediately spring back so as to return
the rollers 60 to close proximity to each other as shown in FIG.
6.
If desired, in lieu of or in addition to the propeller 11
propulsion means, the roller 52 may be provided with a frictional
surface for engagement with the cable 20 and driving means for the
roller 52 provided from the vehicle 10.
As illustrated in FIG. 6, floatation chamber 24 is provided with
securing rings 23 welded to the corners thereof for securing a line
or chain 21 comprised of links 22. Lines 21 are anchored to the sea
floor. Alternate means for securing the vehicle 10 to the cable 20
are shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 wherein a fastener body 70 is secured to
the bottom of the vehicle 10 by welding, bolting or other
conventional means. The fastener body 70 has a longitudinal tunnel
76 formed therein and provided with a plurality of ball bearing
rings 80 which engage the surface of the cable 20 as best shown in
FIG. 5. The opening 82 in the lower portion 78 of the tunnel 76 is
slightly wider than the diameter of the securing pillars 26, so
that the pillars 26 are free to pass through the opening 82 while
maintaining the vehicle 10 in positive engagement with the cable
20.
The present invention provides a safe and efficient means for the
underwater transport of cargoes and/or passengers by way of
self-propelled vehicles that are positively secured to a cable
which is suspended above the bottom of the water body by way of
positive floatation chambers which are anchored to the bottom
surface of the sea. The floatation chambers support pillars which
are permanently secured to the underside of the guidance cable 20.
The present invention is particularly suited for the safe and
efficient underwater transport of petroleum and other products
which constitute a potential environmental hazard.
While the invention has been explained by a detailed description of
certain specific embodiments, it is understood that various
modifications and substitutions can be made in any of them within
the scope of the appended claims which are intended also to include
equivalents of such embodiments.
* * * * *