U.S. patent number 3,822,700 [Application Number 05/342,176] was granted by the patent office on 1974-07-09 for intravenous solution dispenser.
Invention is credited to Marion G. Pennington.
United States Patent |
3,822,700 |
Pennington |
July 9, 1974 |
INTRAVENOUS SOLUTION DISPENSER
Abstract
An unrestricted passage is provided through a piercing device;
therefore, when the device pierces a stopper of a bottle containing
intravenous solution, additives may be injected into the bottle or
a portion of the liquid in the bottle may be withdrawn through the
unrestricted passage. The unrestricted passage may be opened by
removing the cap or by piercing a diaphragm with a needle.
Inventors: |
Pennington; Marion G. (Lubbock,
TX) |
Family
ID: |
23340697 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/342,176 |
Filed: |
March 16, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
604/251; 222/81;
137/318; 604/414 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61M
5/162 (20130101); Y10T 137/6123 (20150401); A61M
2005/1623 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61M
5/162 (20060101); A61M 5/14 (20060101); A61m
005/16 () |
Field of
Search: |
;128/214R,214C,214.2,272,221 ;222/80,81 ;137/318 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Truluck; Dalton L.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Coffee; Wendell
Claims
I claim as my invention:
1. In a piercing device for use in intravenous injection apparatus
having
a. a body formed of substantially rigid material,
b. said body having flange area adapted to be grasp with the
hand,
c. a spike on the body projecting away from said flange area,
d. a sharp pointed end on said spike,
e. an elongated liquid passage through said spike opening through
the sharp pointed end,
f. an elongated air passage in said spike also opening through the
sharp pointed end,
g. a flexible drip chamber attached to said body at the flange
area,
h. the liquid passage opening into said drip chamber,
j. an air inlet nipple on the body at the flange area,
k. the air passage opening to the air inlet nipple,
m. an air filter over the end at air inlet nipple, and
n. a check valve in the air inlet nipple;
o. THE IMPROVEMENT COMPRISING:
p. an injection nipple on the body at the flange area,
q. a passageway through the injection nipple which is in fluid
communication through the spike and opens through the sharp pointed
end, and
r. a closure over the injection nipple.
2. The invention as defined in claim 1 wherein said closure
includes:
s. a pierceable, resealable diaphragm.
3. The invention as defined in claim 1 wherein said closure
includes:
s. a cap removably attached to said injection nipple.
4. The invention as defined in claim 3 wherein said closure
includes:
t. a pierceable, resealable diaphragm.
5. The invention as defined in claim 1 wherein said passageway
through the injection nipple opens through the sharp pointed end
because of
s. fluid communication between said air passage and said
passageway.
6. The invention as defined in claim 5 wherein said closure
includes:
t. a cap removably attached to said injection nipple.
7. The invention as defined in claim 5 wherein said closure
includes:
t. a pierceable, resealable diaphragm.
8. The invention as defined in claim 7 wherein said closure
includes:
u. a cap removably attached to said injection nipple.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to intravenous injection dosing devices in
the field of surgery and health care.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Intravenous liquids are commonly provided to hospitals in bottles
having pierceable stoppers. Customarily, a dual flow device, having
a piercing spike, is pierced through the stopper. One of the bores
through the device leads to a drip chamber from which is connected
tubing which leads through different connections to a needle by
which the fluid is injected intravenously.
The other bore or passage through the piercing spike is for relief
air to enter the bottle, i.e., as the liquid is removed from the
bottle, it is necessary that it be replaced by air. The air passage
has a checkvalve to prevent any fluid from dripping out of this
passage. Also, a filter is placed over the end of the air inlet to
prevent bacteria or other extraneous matter floating in the air to
become introduced into the liquid in the bottle.
Often the contents of the bottle are not administered as prepared
by the manufacturing laboratory. Often the physician will prescribe
additives to be made to the solution. In such event, pharmacists or
technicians will place the bottle with a piercing device under a
laminar-flow hood, which provides a sterile working area. The
piercing spike is inserted and the air filter removed from the air
passage. Then, additives can be introduced into the bottle by
placing a syringe against the open end of the air passage. The
fluids will flow around the ball checkvalve inasmuch as the ball
checkvalve prevents fluid leaving the bottle, but does not prevent
fluid from entering the bottle. If it is desired to remove fluid
from the bottle, this can be accomplished, slowly, by inverting the
the bottle and opening any closures on the tubing.
Sometimes additions were made by using a different type piercing
spike which is not the piercing spike used to withdraw the liquid
from the bottle when in use. However, this procedure has its
disadvantages because it necessitates a second piercing of the
stopper, which is undesirable.
In events where an additive is to be introduced into the bottle
while the bottle is in use, the only procedure available, normally,
is to remove the air filter in the unsterile atmosphere and inject
the additive through the ball checkvalve and then replace the air
filter. There is a short period of time in which the air is
entering the bottle unfiltered. Sometimes, through inadvertence,
the air filter is not replaced.
The following patents were considered in preparation of this
application:
Burke U.S. Pat. No. 3,316,908, Hamilton U.S. Pat. No. 3,344,785,
Burke U.S. Pat. No. 3,359,977, Romney et al. U.S. Pat. No.
3,512,806, Dabney U.S. Pat. No. 3,670,728.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
New and Different Function
I have invented a device which provides unrestricted access to the
interior of a bottle so liquid can be quickly withdrawn from the
bottle or injected into the bottle in the sterile conditions of a
laminar flow. Also, if it is necessary to inject liquid additives
into the bottle while in use, this can be done in a sterile
manner.
Specifically, I have added an injection passage or port. The
injection port (in the standard dual flow device described above)
is another nipple which is connected to a passage leading through
the spike. Therefore, the spike may be modified so there are three
passages or bores leading through it or it may be modified so the
injection nipple opens into the air passage through the spike,
which is my preferred embodiment. The other route is that the
injection nipple coule enter into the liquid passage.
The injection nipple is closed with a cap which has an injection
site thereon, i.e., a pierceable, resealable diaphragm, (these are
well known in the art).
To use the device, the spike is pierced through the stopper of the
bottle as before and if any additions or changes are to be made,
the cap can be removed under the laminar-flow hood and direct
access is available to withdraw liquid from or add liquid to the
bottle.
If additives are to be made when the device is in use, it can
readily be done through the diaphragm with a syringe having a
needle thereon.
I prefer that the injection port be added to the air passage. I
prefer this over providing an additional passage because an
additionl passage increases the cost of manufacture and, also,
either weakens the piercing spike or causes it to be larger in
diameter. I prefer it to go into the air passage rather than the
liquid passage inasmuch as if some of the added material is not
completely dissolved or remains in the passage, it will not be
injected undiluted. The additive will be carried by the air flow
into the bottle and diluted in the bottle before it is
injected.
My device has several advantages. There is a decrease in time for
modifying the solution. The filter on the air intake can be
permanently installed. This eliminates any possibilities of
inadvertent removal. It can be permanently installed because with
the device I have invented and the procedures to be used, there is
never any reason for its removal.
Under the procedures according to my invention, the i.v. bottles
would be prepared in the pharmacy and, therefore, it would be
assured that the tubing would be changed with each bottle, a
procedure not always followed under present practice.
Another advantage would be that the emergency drug could be added
to a hanging bottle without removing the air filter.
My device would eliminate the multiple puncturing of the stopper in
the bottle. My invention provides for the rapid removal of the
liquid from within the bottle.
Objects of the Invention
An object of this invention is to intravenously inject liquids.
Another object is to provide intravenous additions of liquids which
have additives therein.
Other objects are to achieve the above with a device that is
sturdy, compact, durable, simple, safe, efficient, versatile, and
reliable, yet inexpensive and easy to manufacture, install,
operate, and maintain.
Further objects are to achieve the above with a method that is
versatile, rapid, efficient, and inexpensive, and does not require
skilled people to install, operate, and maintain.
The specific nature of the invention, as well as other objects,
uses, and advantages thereof, will clearly appear from the
following description and from the accompanying drawing, the
different views of which are not necessarily to the same scale.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of my invention.
FIG. 2 is an elevational view thereof with the piercing spike and
nipples of the body shown in section.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring specifically to the drawing, there may be seen that the
device has body 10. The body is formed of substantially rigid
material and has flange 12 thereon. The area adjacent to where the
flange 12 is located is herein referred to as the "flange area 14"
and is adapted to be grasped with the hand.
Piercing pin or spike 16 extends from the flange area 14 of the
body 10. The spike has a sharp pointed end 18 thereon which will
pierce through the stopper of the bottle. Liquid passage or bore or
conduit 20 extends through the spike 16 and the body and opens into
flexible drip chamber 22. Tubing 24 is attached to the drip chamber
and extends to needles by which the fluid within the bottle is
intravenously injected.
Air passage 26 also extends through the spike 16 from the sharp
pointed end 22. The air passage 26 or bore is parallel to the
liquid bore 20. Air inlet nipple 28 extends from the body 10 at the
flange area 14. The air inlet nipple 28 has a passage or conduit
which is an extension of the air passage 26. The nipple 28 contains
ball checkvalve 30 which admits air to the bottle, but prevents
fluid flow from the bottle. The air inlet nipple and the passage
therein is closed by filter 32.
The device as described to this point is commercially on the market
and well known to those skilled in the art.
According to my invention, injection nipple 34 is attached to the
body 10 at the flange area 14. The injection nipple 34 has
passageway 36 extending therethrough. The passageway 36 in the
injection nipple 34 is in communication with the spike 16 and opens
through the sharp pointed end 18. Therefore, when the spike 16 is
pierced through the stopper of the bottle, the passageway 36 is in
communication with the interior of the bottle, forming an injection
port to the inside of the bottle. When cap 38 on the nipple 34 is
removed, all restrictions are removed to the interior of the
bottle. The cap 38 includes pierceable, resealable diaphragm 40.
Pierceable, resealable diaphragms are well known and are commonly
made of rubber.
All restrictions to the interior of the bottle are removed by
piercing the diaphragm 40 on the injection nipple 34 with a needle;
withdrawing the needle from the diaphragm closes the passageway 36
through the injection nipple 34.
Obviously, if the restrictions to the passageway 3 are removed by
the removing of the cap 38, then, the passageway 36 is again closed
by replacing the cap 38. The cap is shown with threads or
"Lure-Lok" closure device thereon.
It will be noted that with this device, there is never a reason to
remove the filter 32. Therefore, I prefer that it be permanently
non-removably installed for the reasons given above.
The passageway 36 through the injection nipple 34 could be
connected otherwise than through the air passage 26. I.e., there
could be three bores or passages through the spike 16. There could,
therefore, be a liquid outlet passage 20, an air vent passage 26
and an additional unillustrated injection bore or passage. In such
event, it is only convenient and not necessary that the injection
nipple 34 be parallel to the air nipple 28.
The injection could open into the liquid passage 20. However, I
prefer it to enter into the air passage 26 as explained above.
The embodiment shown and described above is only exemplary. I do
not claim to have invented all the parts, elements or steps
described. Various modifications can be made in the construction,
material, arrangement, and operation, and still be within the scope
of my invention. The limits of the invention and the bounds of the
patent protection are measured by and defined in the following
claims. The restrictive description and drawing of the specific
example above do not point out what an infringement of this patent
would be, but are to enable the reader to make and use the
invention.
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