U.S. patent number 3,822,679 [Application Number 05/284,474] was granted by the patent office on 1974-07-09 for fuel control system for fuel injection type internal combustion engine.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Nippondenso Co. Ltd.. Invention is credited to Nobuhito Hobo, Yutaka Suzuki.
United States Patent |
3,822,679 |
Hobo , et al. |
July 9, 1974 |
FUEL CONTROL SYSTEM FOR FUEL INJECTION TYPE INTERNAL COMBUSTION
ENGINE
Abstract
A fuel control system for fuel injection type internal
combustion engines is provided. The fuel control system comprises
an actuator chamber including a movable wall connected to the fuel
injection characteristic controlling element of a fuel injection
pump for a fuel injection type internal combustion engine, a
forward controlling electromagnetic valve disposed in a passage
interconnecting said actuator chamber and a source of high pressure
fluid, a reverse controlling electromagnetic valve disposed in a
passage connecting said actuator chamber to a low pressure exhaust,
an operating condition detector for detecting an operating
condition of the engine in the form of electrical operating
condition signals, a control voltage generator for receiving said
operating condition signals to produce a control voltage
corresponding to a predetermined fuel injection characteristic of
the engine, a position voltage generator for generating a position
voltage corresponding to the position of said controlling element,
a comparator for comparing said control voltage with said position
voltage to produce an output voltage corresponding to the
difference therebetween, and a forward controlling electromagnetic
valve driving circuit and a reverse controlling electromagnetic
valve driving circuit selectively responsive to the output voltage
of said comparator to generate an electrical output for driving
said forward controlling electromagnetic valve and said reverse
controlling electromagnetic valve selectively.
Inventors: |
Hobo; Nobuhito (Inuyama,
JA), Suzuki; Yutaka (Nishio, JA) |
Assignee: |
Nippondenso Co. Ltd.
(Aichi-ken, JA)
|
Family
ID: |
13401998 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/284,474 |
Filed: |
August 29, 1972 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
|
|
|
|
|
Sep 8, 1971 [JA] |
|
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46-69417 |
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
123/458;
123/360 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F02D
41/38 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F02D
41/38 (20060101); F02m 051/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;123/32EA,32AE,139E,140.3,32,139,140,102 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Goodridge; Laurence A.
Assistant Examiner: Flint; Cort
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Cushman, Darby & Cushman
Claims
We claim:
1. A fuel control system for a fuel injection type internal
combustion engine comprising a fluid servo motor including an
actuator chamber having a movable wall connected to a fuel
injection quantity controlling element of a fuel injection pump for
the engine, a forward controlling electromagnetic valve provided in
a passage connecting said actuator chamber to a high pressure fluid
source, and a reverse controlling electromagnetic valve provided in
a passage connecting said actuator chamber to a low pressure
exhaust; an operating condition detector for detecting operating
conditions of the engine to generate electrical operating condition
signals; a control voltage generator for receiving said operating
condition signals to generate a control voltage corresponding to a
predetermined quantity of fuel injected to the engine; a position
voltage generator for generating a position voltage corresponding
to the position of said fuel injection quantity controlling
element; a comparator for comparing said control voltage with said
position voltage to generate an output voltage corresponding to the
difference between said voltages; and a forward controlling
electromagnetic valve driving circuit and a reverse controlling
electromagnetic valve driving circuit selectively responsive to
said output voltage of said comparator to generate an electrical
output for selectively opening said forward controlling
electromagnetic valve and said reverse controlling electromagnetic
valve of said fluid servo motor, wherein said operating condition
detector comprises speed detecting means for generating a voltage
proportional to the rotational speed of the engine and acceleration
detecting means for generating a voltage corresponding to the
position of the accelerator; and said control voltage generator
comprises start-idling control voltage generating means connected
to said speed detecting means and having an operational amplifier
for generating an output voltage corresponding to the starting
enrichment fuel injection quantity, full load-part load voltage
generating means connected to said acceleration detecting means and
said speed detecting means having an operational amplifier for
generating an output voltage corresponding to the full load fuel
injection quantity, and upperlimit selection circuit means
connected to said start-idling control voltage generating means and
said full load-part load voltage generating means for generating a
voltage equal to the value of either of said output voltages
whichever is greater than the other.
2. A fuel control system for a fuel injection type internal
combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein said fluid servo
motor comprises a pair of movable walls reciprocatingly mounted in
said actuator chamber and fixedly supported and spaced away from
each other by a connecting rod connectable to said fuel injection
quantity controlling element, a first fluid chamber defined between
one of said pair of movable walls and one of the inner wall ends of
said actuator chamber, a second fluid chamber defined between the
other of said pair of movable walls and the other of said inner
wall ends of said actuator chamber, a first forward controlling
electromagnetic valve provided in a passage connecting said first
fluid chamber to said high pressure fluid source and a second
reverse controlling electromagnetic valve provided in a passage
connecting said first fluid chamber to a low pressure exhaust, and
a first reverse controlling electromagnetic valve provided in a
passage connecting said second fluid chamber to said high pressure
fluid source and a second forward controlling electromagnetic valve
provided in a passage connecting said second fluid chamber to said
low pressure exhaust, whereby when only said first and second
forward controlling electromagnetic valves are opened, said pair of
movable walls are moved in the direction which causes said fuel
injection quantity controlling element to effect a forward control,
whereas when only said first and second reverse controlling
electromagnetic valves are opened, said pair of movable walls are
moved in the direction opposite to said forward controlling
direction.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a fuel control system for fuel
injection type internal combustion engines, wherein the quantity of
fluid in an actuator chamber including a movable wall is varied by
means of electromagnetic valves operated by an electrical control
circuit, whereby a fuel injection characteristic controlling
element of a fuel injection pump is controlled in association with
the displacement of the movable wall.
Fuel control systems conventionally employed with fuel injection
pumps for fuel injection type internal combustion engines have been
mostly of mechanical type, in which a controlling element of a fuel
injection pump which affects a fuel injection characteristic of the
engine is operated by a centrifugal force produced by a weight
disposed to rotate with the driving shaft of the fuel injection
pump.
Howver, in order to ensure an improved engine performance or to
effect noise and exhaust emission controls, it is necessary that a
so-called predetermined fuel injection characteristic, such as an
injected fuel quantity control characteristic or a fuel injection
timing control characteristic predetermined for an engine, highly
accurately meets the fuel requirement of the engine which is
determined according to the operating conditions of the engine,
such as the rotational speed of the engine and the accelerator
position, and moreover there is a tendency that the engine
operating conditions which determine such a predetermined fuel
injection characteristic involve more factors than hitherto been
employed, as for example, the discrimination between acceleration
and deceleration of the engine.
Therefore, there is a problem that in many cases it is difficult to
meet these requirements only with a conventional mechanical fuel
control system of the type described above.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the present invention to solve the foregoing
difficulty. The present invention therefore comprises a fuel
control system of the type in which the quantity of fuel contained
in an actuator chamber 12 including a movable wall 13 is controlled
by a pair of electromagnetic valves 7 and 8, so that the fuel
injection characteristic controlling element of a fuel injection
pump 10 is operated in response to the displacement of the movable
wall 13. The fuel control system comprises an operating condition
detector 1 for electrically detecting the operating conditions of
an engine which are necessary to determine its predetermined fuel
injection characteristic, a control voltage generator 2 for
receiving the operating condition signal from the operating
condition detector 1 to generate a control voltage corresponding to
the fuel injection characteristic of the engine, an electrical
position detector 4 for detecting the position of the fuel
injection characteristic controlling element of the fuel injection
pump 10 to generate a position voltage, and a comparator 3 for
comparing said control voltage with said position voltage to
generate an output voltage corresponding to the difference
therebetween, whereby the output voltage of the comparator 3 is
applied as an input signal to an electromagnetic valve driving
circuit 5 or 6 so that the electromagnetic valves 7 and 8 are
selectively operated with the valve actuating signals from the
driving circuits 5 and 6 to effect a negative feedback in such a
manner that the set point for the position of the fuel injection
characteristic controlling element of the fuel injection pump 10 is
selected to be one which satisfies the predetermined fuel injection
characteristic.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the general construction of an
embodiment of a fuel control system according to the present
invention.
FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of a hydraulic servo motor
used with the fuel control system of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the basic predetermined fuel injection
quantity control characteristics of a Diesel engine.
FIG. 4 is an electrical wiring diagram of the electrical control
circuit.
FIG. 5 is a characteristic diagram of a control voltage pattern
generated by the control voltage generator.
FIG. 6 shows the principal part of another embodiment of the
hydraulic servo motor.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to
the accompanying drawings. Referring now to FIG. 1 which shows the
construction of a fuel control system of the invention, numeral 1
designates an engine operating condition detector for detecting the
operating conditions of an engine, such as, the rotational speed of
the engine and the accelerator position necessary for determining a
predetermined fuel injection characteristic of the engine and for
generating an electrical operating condition signal, such as a
speed voltage corresponding to the rotational speed of the engine
or an accelerator voltage corresponding to the accelerator
position. Numeral 2 designates a control voltage generator for
receiving as its input signal the operating condition signal from
the operating condition detector 1 to generate a control voltage
corresponding to a predetermined fuel injection characteristic of
the engine. This control voltage generator has the same function as
an analog function generator with the predetermined fuel injection
characteristic as a function pattern.
Numeral 3 designates a comparator which compares said control
voltage and a position voltage received from a position voltage
generator 4 which voltage corresponds to the position of a fuel
injection characteristic controlling element of a fuel injection
pump 10 to thereby generate an output voltage corresponding to the
difference between said two voltages. Numerals 5 and 6 designate
respectively a forward controlling electromagnetic valve driving
circuit and a reverse controlling electromagnetic valve driving
circuit, so that depending on whether the output voltage of the
comparator 3 is above or below a reference value, either the
forward controlling electromagnetic valve driving circuit 5 or the
reverse controlling electromagnetic valve driving circuit 6
generates a valve actuating signal to operate the electromagnetic
valve. Numerals 7 and 8 designate a forward controlling
electromagnetic valve and a reverse controlling electromagnetic
valve, respectively, which are opened upon receipt of the valve
actuating signal from the valve driving circuits 5 and 6,
respectively.
Numeral 9 designates a hydraulic actuator in which the quantity of
fluid in its actuator chamber is varied in accordance with the
opening and closing of the forward controlling electromagnetic
valve 7 and the reverse controlling electromagnetic valve 8,
whereby the position of its movable wall is determined according to
this variation and thus the fuel injection characteristic
controlling element of the fuel injection pump 10 is operated in
response to the displacement of the movable wall.
The forward controlling electromagnetic valve 7, reverse
controlling electromagnetic valve 8 and hydraulic actuator 9
constitute a fluid servo motor 11 an embodiment of which is shown
in FIG. 2.
In FIG. 2, numerals 7 and 8 designate the above-described forward
and reverse controlling electromagnetic valves, respectively and
numeral 9 designates the above-mentioned hydraulic actuator. The
construction and operation of the electromagnetic valves 7 and 8
will be explained with reference to the forward controlling
electromagnetic valve 7, in which numeral 17 designates an
energizing coil, 18 a movable iron core connected to a valve 19, 20
a spring adapted to urge the valve 19 to its valve seat and thus
place the electromagnetic valve 7 in its closed position when no
energizing current flows in the energizing coil 17. When there is a
current flow in the energizing coil 17, a magnetic attractive force
is produced so that the movable iron core 18 is moved and thus the
valve 19 is moved away from the valve seat thereby opening the
passage through the electromagnetic valve 9. The construction and
operation just described are identical with those of the reverse
controlling electromagnetic valve 8.
The hydraulic actuator 9 includes the movable wall 13 disposed in
the actuator chamber 12 so that the hydraulic pressure in the
actuator chamber 12 exerts a force on the movable wall 13, while a
counteracting spring 14 also exerts a force on the movable wall 13
in a direction that counteracts the force due to the hydraulic
force. The fluid volume in the actuator chamber 12 is determined by
the forward controlling electromagnetic valve 7 which opens and
closes a passage 15 communicating with the high hydraulic pressure
source and the reverse controlling electromagnetic valve 8 which
opens and closes a passage 16 leading to the low pressure exhaust.
When no energizing current is supplied to both of the forward and
reverse controlling electromagnetic valves 7 and 8, the two valves
are maintained in the closed position. Thus, neglecting the fluid
leakages at the seals of the two valves, no fluid is admitted into
and out of the actuator chamber 12 so that the fluid volume in the
actuator chamber 12 remains at a fixed value and the movable wall
13 also assumes a fixed position with the result that the hydraulic
pressure in the actuator chamber 12 remains in a state of
equilibrium dependent upon the force of the counteracting spring
14. Numeral 13a designates a connecting rod connecting the movable
wall 13 to the fuel injection characteristic controlling element of
the fuel injection pump 10. When an electromagnetic valve actuating
signal is produced from the forward controlling electromagnetic
valve driving circuit 5, an energizing current flows into the
energizing coil 17 of the forward controlling electromagnetic valve
7. This opens the electromagnetic valve 7 so that the passage 15
leading to the high hydraulic pressure source is opened, admitting
the fluid from the high hydraulic pressure source into the actuator
chamber 12 and thus moving the movable wall 13 in the direction of
the arrow, i.e. the forward direction. On the other hand, when the
reverse controlling electromagnetic valve driving circuit 6
produces a valve actuating voltage, the reverse controlling
electromagnetic valve 8 is opened so that the passage 16
communicating the actuator chamber 12 to the low pressure exhaust
is opened. When this occurs, the fluid in the actuator chamber 12
is forced through the passage 16 by the force of the counteracting
spring 14, thereby moving the position of the movable wall 13 in
the direction opposite to the direction of the arrow, i.e. the
reverse direction. The movement of the movable wall 13 is
transmitted through the connecting rod 13a to the fuel injection
characteristic controlling element of the fuel injection pump 10 so
that this controlling element is operated to regulate the amount of
the fuel injected. The connecting rod 13a is connected to a movable
contact 63' of a potentiometer 63. Consequently, in response to the
movement of the connecting rod 13a, a voltage corresponding to the
position of the movable wall 13 is generated at a point S.
Next, the present invention as embodied in a control system for
controlling the amount of fuel injected to a Diesel engine will be
explained. FIG. 3 illustrates a diagram showing the most
fundamental predetermined characteristics of the amount of fuel
injected to a Diesel engine. In the figure, the ordinate represents
the predetermined fuel injection quantity Q per cycle per cylinder
for the engine and the abscissa represents the rotational speed N
of the engine. The parameter is the accelerator position .theta.
with .theta. = 0 representing the minimum accelerator position,
.theta. = .theta.M representing the maximum accelerator position,
and 0 < .theta. < .theta.M. Of the predetermined fuel
injection quantity characteristics shown in the figure, the curve
connecting the points A, B, E and C represents the starting
enrichment and idling fuel injection characteristic with the value
of Q.sub.S representing the quantity of fuel to be injected for
starting the engine and N.sub.S and N.sub.A representing the number
of revolutions dependent upon the starting enrichment speed and the
idling speed, respectively. The predetermined quantity of fuel
injected when the engine is idling will be determined along the
curve BCG. The curve drawn through points E, F and G represents the
full-load fuel injection quantity characteristic which is a
predetermined fuel injection quantity characteristic of the engine
at its full load operation. In this case, Q.sub.F represents the
full-load injection quantity and N.sub.SP and N.sub.M represent the
maximum output revolution and the maximum normal revolution of the
engine, respectively. The curve connecting points H, I and G
represents a predetermined fuel injection quantity characteristic
of the engine under its part load condition when the accelerator
position .theta. = .theta..sub.1.
Referring now to FIG. 4, there is shown an electrical wiring
diagram of an embodiment of the fuel control system of the present
invention for obtaining the predetermined fuel injection quantity
characteristics shown in FIG. 3. In the figure, numeral 1
designates the operating condition detector consisting of a speed
detector 22 for generating a speed voltage (V.sub.X) proportional
to the rotational speed of the engine and an accelerator detector
23 for generating a voltage corresponding to the position of the
accelerator, i.e. an accelerator voltage (V.sub.A). The speed
detector 22 comprises a toothed wheel 24 of magnetizable material
which is related to the engine r.p.m. and an electromagnetic pickup
25 composed of a pickup coil wound around a permanent magnet and
located opposite to the toothed wheel 24. The electromagnetic
pickup 25 generates a pulse voltage having a frequency proportional
to the rotational speed of the engine and the waveform of this
pulse voltage is then reshaped by a transistor 26. The reshaped
pulse voltage is thereafter applied to a DC converter circuit
consisting of diodes 27 and 28, capacitors 29 and 30 and a resistor
31, thus generating a speed voltage across an emitter resistor 33
of a transistor 32 constituting an emitter follower. The
accelerator detector 23 generates a DC voltage corresponding to the
position of the accelerator by means of a potentiometer 34
operatively associated with the accelerator pedal.
Numeral 2 designates the control voltage generator for generating a
control voltage corresponding to the basic predetermined fuel
injection quantity characteristic of the Diesel engine shown in
FIG. 3. The control voltage generator 2 comprises a start-idling
control voltage generator 36, a full load-part load control voltage
generator 37 and an upper limit selection circuit 38. In the
starting-idling control voltage generator 36, the speed voltage
V.sub.S is applied as its inversion input, while the resistance
values of resistors 40, 41, 42, 43 and 44 for determining the gain
of the operational amplifier 39 and a bias voltage applied to its
non-inversion input in accordance with the speed voltage V.sub.SS
corresponding to the starting enrichment revolution N.sub.S and the
speed voltage V.sub.SA corresponding to the idling revolution
N.sub.A shown in FIG. 5 are selected and adjustment is effected by
a potentiometer 48 connected to an amplifier output terminal 47 to
obtain an output voltage V.sub.CS corresponding to the starting
enrichment fuel injection quantity Q.sub.S.
Accordingly, a control voltage V.sub.C1 generated at a point p
changes with variations in the speed voltage V.sub.S substantially
as shown by the curve connecting points A', B', C' and G' in FIG. 5
(the voltage reference is assumed to be at the point of a ground
connection). The full load-part load control voltage generator 37
receives the speed voltage V.sub.S and the accelerator voltage
V.sub.A as an inversion input and a non-inversion input to a
differential operational amplifier 49. If the accelerator position
.theta. is .theta. = .theta..sub.M, .theta. = .theta..sub.1 and
.theta. = .theta..sub.0, respectively, then the accelerator voltage
V.sub.A is V.sub.A = V.sub.M, V.sub.A = V.sub.1 and V.sub.A =
V.sub.0, respectively, while the resistance values of resistors 50,
51, 52, 34' and 34" are selected according to the speed voltages
V.sub.SP and V.sub.SM corresponding to the maximum power revolution
M.sub.SP and the maximum normal revolution N.sub.M, respectively,
and adjustment is effected by a potentiometer 53 connected to the
output terminal of the operational amplifier 49 to provide an
output voltage V.sub.F corresponding to the full load fuel
injection quantity Q.sub.F.
Accordingly, if the accelerator voltage is V.sub.A = V.sub.M, then
a control voltage V.sub.C2 generated at a point g changes with
variations in the speed voltage V.sub.S substantially as shown by
the curve JF'G' shown in FIG. 5. On the other hand, when V.sub.A =
V.sub.1 and V.sub.A = V.sub.0, respectively, the control voltage
V.sub.C2 changes substantially as shown by the curves JH'I'G' and
JE'C"G', respectively.
The upper limit selection circuit 38 comprises diodes 54 and 55 and
a resistor 56 and current amplification is effected in an emitter
follower transistor 57 thus generating the control voltage V.sub.C
across terminals r and e of an emitter resistor 58. In accordance
with the characteristic of the upper limit selection circuit 38,
the control voltage V.sub.C assumes a value equal to the value of
either the control voltage V.sub.C1 generated at the point p or the
control voltage V.sub.C2 generated at the point g, which is greater
than the other. Accordingly, the pattern of the control voltage
V.sub.C becomes as shown with solid lines in FIG. 5 and it
corresponds with the pattern of the predetermined fuel injection
quantity characteristic shown in FIG. 3.
Numeral 3 designates the comparator to which the control voltage
V.sub.C generated by the upper limit selection circuit 38 is
applied through a resistor 61 as an inversion input to a
differential operational amplifier 60, while a voltage V.sub.P
obtained by dividing the power supply voltage by a potentiometer 63
is applied through a resistor 62 as a non-inversion input to the
operational amplifier 60. The voltage dividing ratio of the
potentiometer 63 varies in response to the movement of the fuel
injection quantity controlling element of the fuel injection pump
(e.g., the fuel control rack in a line type fuel injection pump)
and thus the voltage V.sub.P at the point S provides a voltage
corresponding to the position of the fuel injection quantity
controlling element of the fuel injection pump, i.e. a position
voltage, with the result that the fuel quantity Q pumped from the
fuel injection pump is proportional to the position voltage
V.sub.P. Thus, if Q = Q.sub.S, then V.sub.P = V.sub.CS and if Q =
Q.sub.F, then V.sub.P = V.sub.F. The comparator 3 compares the
control voltage V.sub.C with the position signal V.sub.P and
produces the output voltage V.sub.O corresponding to the difference
between the two voltages. Assuming now that V.sub.b represents the
output voltage of the comparator 3 when V.sub.P = V.sub.C and that
.DELTA.V and .delta. respectively represent the dead zones of the
forward and reverse controlling electromagnetic valve driving
circuits 5 and 6 in terms of the input and output voltages of the
comparator 3 (where .DELTA.V > 0, .delta.>0), if
.vertline.V.sub.P - V.sub.C .vertline..ltoreq..DELTA.V, then the
output voltage V.sub.0 of the comparator 3 is given as V.sub.b -
.delta..ltoreq.V.sub.0 .ltoreq.V.sub.b + .delta., if V.sub.P -
V.sub.C > .DELTA.V, then V.sub.0 .ltoreq. V.sub.b + .delta., and
if V.sub.P - V.sub.C < - .DELTA.V, then V.sub.0 < V.sub.P -
.delta..
The output voltage of the comparator 3 is applied to the forward
controlling electromagnetic valve driving circuit 5 and the reverse
controlling electromagnetic valve driving circuit 6. In the forward
controlling electromagnetic valve driving circuit 5, the level of
the output voltage of the comparator 3 is adjusted by a
potentiometer 67 and a Zener diode 68 to provide an electromagnetic
valve actuating output, so that when V.sub.0 < V.sub.b -
.delta., a transistor 69 is rendered non-conductive causing a
transistor 70 to become conductive and thus applying an actuating
output voltage to the energizing coil 17 of the forward controlling
electromagnetic valve 7 to open it and thus move the movable wall
13 of the hydraulic servo motor in the forward direction. On the
other hand, when V.sub.0 .gtoreq. V.sub.b + .delta., the transistor
69 is rendered conductive and the transistor 70 is thus rendered
non-conductive producing no valve actuating output voltage, so that
the forward controlling electromagnetic valve 7 remains closed and
thus the movable wall 13 of the hydraulic servo motor is not
moved.
Next, in the reverse controlling electromagnetic valve driving
circuit 6, the output voltage level of the comparator 3 is also
preset by a potentiometer 72 and a Zener diode 73 so as to generate
an electromagnetic valve actuating output voltage. Thus, when
V.sub.0 .gtoreq. V.sub.b + .delta., a transistor 74 conducts
rendering a transistor 75 non-conductive and a transistor 76
conductive, so that a valve actuating output voltage is applied to
a energizing coil 77 of the reverse controlling electromagnetic
valve 8, thereby moving the movable wall 13 of the hydraulic servo
motor in the reverse direction.
With the construction and operation described above, if, under a
given operating condition of the engine, the position of the fuel
injection characteristic controlling element of the fuel injection
pump 10 goes beyond the position which satisifes the predetermined
fuel injection quantity characteristic shown in FIG. 3 in excess of
a preset value, then there holds a relation V.sub.P > V.sub.C +
.DELTA.V between the position voltage V.sub.P and the control
voltage V.sub.C. When this occurs, the output voltage of the
comparator 3 becomes V.sub.0 > V.sub.b + .delta., causing the
reverse controlling electromagnetic valve driving circuit 6 to
apply a valve actuating output voltage to the reverse controlling
electromagnetic valve 8 and thus cause the hydraulic servo motor to
move the fuel injection characteristic controlling element in the
reverse direction, i.e. the direction to decrease the quantity of
fuel injected. On the contrary, when the position of the fuel
injection characteristic controlling element falls short of the
position which satisfies the predetermined fuel injection quantity
characteristic in excess of a preset value, then there holds a
relation V.sub.P < V.sub.C - .DELTA.V and the output voltage of
the comparator 3 becomes V.sub.0 < V.sub.b - .delta..
Consequently, the forward controlling electromagnetic valve driving
circuit 5 applies a valve actuating output voltage to the forward
controlling electromagnetic valve 7, causing the hydraulic servo
motor to move the fuel injection characteristic controlling element
in the forward direction, i.e. the direction to increase the
quantity of fuel injected. On the other hand, when the deviation of
the position of the fuel injection characteristic controlling
element from the position which satisfies the predetermined fuel
injection quantity characteristic remains within a predetermined
range of limits, then there holds a relation .vertline.V.sub.P -
V.sub.c .vertline..ltoreq. .DELTA.V and hence .vertline.V.sub.0 -
V.sub.b .vertline..ltoreq. .delta., so that both of the forward
controlling electromagnetic valve driving circuit 5 and the reverse
controlling electromagnetic valve driving circuit 6 produce no
valve actuating output voltage and thus the hydraulic servo motor
does not cause the fuel injection characteristic controlling
element to change its existing position. In this manner, the
position of the fuel injection characteristic controlling element
of the fuel injection pump 10 is automatically controlled employing
the position which satisfies a predetermined characteristic of fuel
quantity injected to an engine as a desired value.
The hydraulic servo motor used in the illustrated embodiment may
also be constructed as shown in FIG. 6. In the figure, numerals 7
and 7' designate forward controlling electromagnetic valves; 8 and
8' reverse controlling electromagnetic valves. All of these
electromagnetic valves are of the identical construction as the
electromagnetic valve 7 shown in FIG. 2. A hydraulic actuator 9' is
provided with two actuator chambers 12' and 12" and two movable
walls 13' and 13" fixedly spaced away from each other with a preset
distance by a connecting rod 13'a.
Numeral 15 designates a passage leading to a source of high
hydraulic pressure, 16 a passage leading to a low pressure exhaust.
The connecting rod 13'a is also connected to the fuel injection
characteristic controlling element. Thus, when a valve actuating
output voltage is applied to the forward controlling
electromagnetic valves 7 and 7', the connecting rod 13'a is moved
in the direction of the arrow, while the application of a valve
actuating output voltage to the reverse controlling electromagnetic
valves 8 and 8' causes the connecting rod 13'a to move in the
direction opposite to the direction of the arrow. Thus, if the
forward controlling electromagnetic valve driving circuit 5 and the
reverse controlling electromagnetic valve driving circuit 6 of the
electrical control circuit shown in FIG. 4 are used to actuate the
forward controlling electromagnetic valves 7 and 7' and the reverse
controlling electromagnetic valves 8 and 8', respectively, a fuel
control means equivalent to the hydraulic servo motor shown in FIG.
2 may be constructed. In this case, however, the hydraulic servo
motor of FIG. 6 is advantageous because of its ease of manufacture
and maintenance due to the reduced pressure of the high hydraulic
pressure source.
While the fuel control system of the present invention has been
described as used in controlling the quantity of fuel injected, the
present invention may also be applied to the control of fuel
injection timing. In this case, the operating condition detector
electrically detects such operating conditions of an engine as the
engine rotational speed and the acceleration of the engine speed
which are necessary to determine the time of injecting the fuel to
the engine, and the control voltage generator generates a control
voltage corresponding to a predetermined fuel injection time
control characteristic of the engine, whereby the control voltage
thus obtained and the position voltage corresponding to the
detected position of the fuel injection time controlling element of
the fuel injection pump 10 are applied to the comparator to produce
a comparator output voltage corresponding to the difference between
the two voltages and thus actuate the corresponding electromagnetic
valve of the hydraulic servo motor through its electromagnetic
valve driving circuit. Therefore, the construction of such a fuel
injection time control system is identical with that shown in FIG.
2.
In addition to various kinds of oils, fluids such as compressed air
may be used as the actuating fluid with the present invention.
It will thus be seen that the present invention provides a fuel
control system of the type employing an electromagnetic
valve-operated fluid servo motor to operate a fuel injection
characteristic controlling element of a fuel injection pump,
wherein operating conditions of an engine are electrically detected
and utilized as input information to provide a control voltage
corresponding to a predetermined fuel injection characteristic of
the engine, and the position of the fuel injection characteristic
controlling element of the fuel injection pump is detected as a
position voltage, whereby the control voltage and the position
voltage are compared in a comparator to produce a comparator output
voltage corresponding to the difference between the two voltages,
the comparator output voltage being used to selectively actuate the
electromagnetic valves of the fluid servo motor to control the
position of the fuel injection characteristic controlling element
of the fuel injection pump, thereby automatically controlling the
position of the fuel injection characteristic controlling element,
with that position which satisfies the predetermined fuel injection
characteristic of the engine as its desired value. Thus, there is a
great advantage over the conventional fuel control systems for fuel
injection type internal combustion engines in that a greater
variety of engine operating conditions than heretofore possible can
be detected to thereby highly accurately control the quantity of
fuel injected to suit a predetermined fuel injection characteristic
designed to improve various efficiencies of an engine.
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