U.S. patent number 3,818,424 [Application Number 05/274,124] was granted by the patent office on 1974-06-18 for electrical contact socket having improved contact spring.
This patent grant is currently assigned to AMP Incorporated. Invention is credited to William Robert Evans.
United States Patent |
3,818,424 |
Evans |
June 18, 1974 |
ELECTRICAL CONTACT SOCKET HAVING IMPROVED CONTACT SPRING
Abstract
Stamped and formed electrical contact socket which is adapted to
receive a contact pin has an improved integral contact spring in
the form of a cantilever formed from the body of the socket and
extending inwardly and obliquely towards the socket axis. The
cantilever has a generally helicoid surface so that upon insertion
of the pin, the cantilever is flexed in torsion to provide
increased contact force for a given spring length material.
Inventors: |
Evans; William Robert
(Hummelstown, PA) |
Assignee: |
AMP Incorporated (Harrisburg,
PA)
|
Family
ID: |
23046881 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/274,124 |
Filed: |
July 21, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
439/852 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H01R
13/111 (20130101); H01R 13/432 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H01R
13/115 (20060101); H01R 13/428 (20060101); H01R
13/432 (20060101); H01r 013/12 () |
Field of
Search: |
;339/256,258,259,262 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: McGlynn; Joseph H.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: AMP Inc.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. An electrical contact socket which is adapted to be
disengageably coupled to a complementary contact pin, said contact
socket comprising:
a stamped and formed tubular body which is adapted to receive said
contact pin,
a contact spring, said contact spring comprising a cantilever
spring arm which is integral at its fixed end with said tubular
body, said spring arm having spaced-apart side edges which are
substantially coextensive, said spring arm having a free end,
said spring arm extending obliquely inwardly towards the axis of
said tubular body from said fixed end to said free end whereby said
arm is adapted to be deflected by an inserted contact pin in the
manner of a cantilever spring,
said spring arm being helically deformed along its length from said
fixed end to said free end whereby said spring arm is adapted to be
torsionally deflected by an inserted contact pin whereby,
electrical contact between said socket and in inserted contact pin
is established by both the torsional stressing of said contact
spring arm and the deflection of said spring arm as a cantilever
arm.
2. A stamped and formed contact socket as set forth in claim 1 said
free end of said spring being offset relative to the axis of said
socket.
3. A stamped and formed contact socket as set forth in claim 1,
said receptacle having an opening from which said spring arm was
struck, edge portions of said opening extending laterally beyond
edge portions of said free end of said spring arm whereby said
spring arm cannot be moved through said opening and is thereby
protected against overstressing.
4. A stamped and formed contact socket as set forth in claim 3,
said edge portions of said openings being coined so that they
extend over said free ends of said spring arm.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
A commonly used type of stamped and formed electrical contact
socket is provided with an integral cantilever spring formed from
the body of the socket and extending generally obliquely towards
the socket axis. When a contact pin is inserted into the socket,
the spring is resiliently flexed as a cantilever beam to establish
the contact force at the electrical interface between the
parts.
Known types of sockets having cantilever springs are satisfactory
under many circumstances, however, there are conditions under which
a sufficiently high contact force and/or deflection cannot be
established with previously known spring designs. For example, if
the designer is faced with a problem of producing an extremely
small contact socket from a given material, say a conventional
brass of given thickness, he may find that it is impossible to
design a cantilever type spring which will impose the necessary
contact force on an inserted pin. Under such circumstances, the
designer can substitute a material, such as berillum copper or
phosphor bronze, having improved spring characteristics but if he
does so, he immediately increases the cost of the terminal and
sacrifices some of the current carrying ability of the contact. He
may also provide a separate contact spring of high grade material
such as a stainless steel, but this alternative would greatly
increase the cost of the contact terminal for the reason that it
would require a separate assembly operation in the manufacture of
the contact.
The instant invention is directed to the achievement of an improved
contact spring for one-piece stamped and formed terminals which
will provide increased contact force, other things being equal, at
the electrical interface between the contact socket and an inserted
pin-like member. The invention thus provides the terminal designer
with a wide range of design alternatives as regards contact size,
cantilever spring lengths, stock material thickness and
composition, so that he can determine his final dimensions and
material on the basis of electrical or cost considerations rather
than on the basis of minimum spring requirements.
It is accordingly an object of the invention to provide improved
electrical contact socket. It is a further object to provide a
stamped and formed contact socket having an improved
cantilever-type spring. It is a further object to provide a contact
socket having a contact spring which will produce improved contact
force, other things, such as material composition and size and
spring length being equal. It is a further object to provide an
electrical contact socket having improved contact spring
characteristics which has an anti-overstress feature so that it
cannot be readily damaged.
These and other objects of the invention are achieved in a
preferred embodiment thereof, which is briefly described in the
foregoing abstract, which is described in detail below, and which
is shown in the accompanying drawing in which:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an electrical contact socket and an
electrical contact pin, the contact socket having a contact spring
in accordance with the invention.
FIG. 2 is a view similar to FIG. 1 but showing the pin and socket
coupled to each other.
FIGS. 3, 4 and 5 are views taken along the lines 3--3, 4--4 and
5--5 of FIGS. 1 and 2.
FIG. 6 is a top plan view of a contact socket in accordance with
the invention as shown in FIG. 1.
FIGS. 7-15 are a series of perspective views showing the successive
steps in the formation of an electrical contact socket in
accordance with the invention from a flat blank.
FIGS. 1-6 show an electrical contact socket and pin, the socket
incorporating a contact spring in accordance with the invention,
both the pin and socket having retention lances which may be formed
in accordance with the invention as will be explained below.
The pin 4 has a generally cylindrical contact end 6 of reduced
diameter and a conical tip 8. The cylindrical section 6 merges with
a conical transition 9 which, in turn, merges with a cylindrical
collar 12 of slightly greater thickness than the tip 6 and other
portions of the terminal. The collar 11 adjoins a cylindrical
section 10 of reduced thickness and an additional collar 12 is
integral with the section 10 at its rearward end. Section 12 may be
provided with outwardly formed embossment as shown for the purpose
of positioning the terminal in an insulating housing. A crimp 14 is
provided adjacent to the collar 12 between the terminal and the
insulating core of a wire and an additional crimp 16 is provided,
at the rearward end of the terminal, between the terminal and the
insulation of the wire 18. The intermediate cylindrical section 10
is provided with outwardly formed lances 20 by means of which the
terminal may be retained in a cylindrical cavity in a connector
housing. These retention lances may have a helical form if desired
as described below with reference to the contact springs 34.
The electrical contact socket 2 comprises a cylindrical receptacle
portion 22 which is adapted to receive the contact portion 6 of the
terminal 4. The socket 2, like the pin 4, is formed from metal
having a contoured profile so as to provide a collar 24 of
relatively thick stock metal at the forward end of the terminal, an
intermediate collar 25, and a collar 26 of relatively thick metal
stock adjacent to the wire crimp 28. The terminal 2, like the pin
terminal 4, is also crimped onto the insulation 32 of the wire as
shown at 30.
The forward socket portion of the terminal has inwardly directed
contact springs 34 which are described in greater detail below, and
the cylindrical portion of the terminal behind the collar 25
provided with outwardly directed lances 36 which, like the lances
20, function to retain the terminal in a cavity in an electrical
housing.
The contact springs 34 are integral with the cylindrical portion 22
of the socket adjacent to the collar 24 as shown best in FIG. 6 and
extend rearwardly towards the axis of the socket as is apparent
from this Figure. These springs are not simple cantilevers but are
formed with a helical twist along their lengths as indicated at 42
so that their opposed edges 44 are normally offset from each other
as shown in FIG. 4. The ends of these springs are disposed within
the confines of the cylindrical portions 22 and surface portions
adjacent to the ends of the contacts are coined as shown at 46 so
that these surface portions overlap the external surface portions
of the springs. On the opposite sides 47 of the springs, the
surfaces of the springs overlap the opening in the cylindrical
section 22 so that this opposite side cannot be forced outwardly
beyond the internal surface of the cylindrical contact receptacle
section 22. This overlap as indicated at 47 of one side of each
spring and the internal surface of the receptacle section 22
results from the fact that the contact springs are helically formed
after they are struck from the body of the terminal as will be
described below.
When the contact pin 6 is inserted into the receptacle, the primary
mode of stressing the contact springs will be in torsion; that is
the springs will be deflected along their lengths until their
internal surfaces are substantially cylindrical, rather than
helical, and are disposed against the external surface 6 of the
contact 4 as shown in FIG. 5. This torsional stressing mode has the
advantage of loading the spring with a high degree of efficiency so
that a high contact force can be developed with a given material as
regards thickness, spring length, physical properties, heat
treatment, etc.
It should be added that the springs 34 can be designed to be
stressed both torsionally and as simple cantilever springs if
desired. A compound spring of this type will thus be flexed
outwardly as a simple cantilever when the pin is inserted to give
rise to one type of internal stressing in the spring which results
in the imposition of a contact force being imposed by the spring on
the inserted pin. Insertion of the pin also has the tendency to
straighten the spring and cause a second mode of stressing which
gives rise to additional contact forces being imposed on the pin.
The terminal designer will not necessarily always utilize both
types of stresses in a particular design but will design the spring
such that it will impose the desired contact force on the inserted
pin. In other words, it is not always desirable to design the
spring such that it will develop its maximum capability for
imposing contact stresses or forces on the pin. It is advantageous,
however, that the disclosed type of spring is capable of imposing a
relatively high force on the inserted pin when it is deflected.
Because of this fact, spring design is not then the limiting factor
when a specific terminal is being designed.
The retention lances 20 can also be designed such that they will be
torsionally stressed rather than stressed as cantilever beams when
the terminals 2, 4 are inserted into the housings. Ordinarily,
however, the design and performance of these lances is less
critical than the design and performance of the contact
springs.
As previously noted, the contact terminals in accordance with the
invention are advantageously manufactured by stamping and forming
so that they can be produced in large volume and at low cost. FIGS.
7-15 illustrate the successive stages in forming of a blank to
produce a contact socket in accordance with the invention. In these
Figures the reference numerals used to identify specific portions
of the finished contact socket 2 are also used to identify the
portions of the blank which correspond to the finished structural
features of the terminal, the reference numerals in FIGS. 7-15
being differentiated by prime marks.
As shown in FIG. 7, the blank 48 is of stock metal having three
relatively thick ribs 24', 26', 25' which become the collars 24,
25, and 26. The blank is first curled along its edges as shown in
FIG. 8 and openings are subsequently punched to define the
retention lances in the contact springs. In addition to the
openings, the blank is sheared as indicated to define the ends of
the springs and lances. The portions of the blank adjacent to the
ends of the contact springs are then coined as shown in FIG. 10 to
define the surface portions 46 shown best in FIG. 5. The contact
springs are then formed inwardly from the plane of the blank as
shown in FIG. 11. Subsequently, the center portions of the blank is
formed upwardly as shown at 50 in FIG. 12 and the sides are formed
arcuately upwardly as shown at FIG. 13. In the next step, FIG. 14,
the contact springs are formed to their final helical shape so that
the sides of these springs will overlap the one side of the opening
in the blank as shown at 47'. The final forming steps are then
carried out as shown in FIGS. 15 and 16 in which the blank is
rolled until it is generally cylindrical with an axially extending
seam as shown. The retention lances may be formed outwardly during
these final steps.
Some salient advantages of the invention are discussed generally
above but can be restated here by way of summation. A contact
socket in accordance with the invention is highly resistant to
damage to its contact springs 34 by virtue of the fact that the
sides of these springs cannot be deflected outwardly beyond the
internal surface of the socket. As shown in FIG. 5, the coined
section 46 of the socket wall overlaps one side of each spring and
the other side of each spring overlaps the adjacent internal
surface of the wall by virtue of the fact that the springs are
displaced helically within the socket. It follows that the springs
34 cannot be over-stressed by being bent outwardly and any gross
abuse which would overstress the contact springs would also destroy
the socket to the point where it would be obviously unsuited for
further use.
As was stated generally in the foregoing description, contact
springs in accordance with the invention offer the design engineer
a high degree of freedom of choice as regards the dimensions of the
contact he is designing, the material from which he can make the
contact, and the temper or hardness of the material. For example,
in the embodiment shown, the ends of the springs 34 are relatively
close to the socket axis as shown in FIG. 4 so that upon insertion
of the contact pin 6, the ends of the springs will be deflected
outwardly for substantial distance, almost to the surface of the
socket. If, however, it is desired to reduce the contact force
imposed on an insert pin, the springs 34 can be formed such that
their ends will be spaced from the axis of the socket by a distance
greater than that of the embodiment shown so that insertion of the
contact pin would cause less deflection and, therefore, a low
contact force. It follows that a contact socket of given dimensions
can be designed with a wide variety of materials and can be
designed to develop a contact force on the inserted pin within a
wide range of values.
The helical surfaces of the springs provide a smooth, gradual guide
surface or lead-in for the contact pin during insertion, a feature
which is of importance when a large number of contact pins and
sockets are provided in a multi-contact electrical connector
assembly. The gradual lead-in surfaces serve to correct minor
misalignments of the pins and to ensure smooth and easy coupling of
the two connector parts.
The individual contact springs can be designed if desired, to
contribute to the contact force by virtue of cantilever deflection
as well as helical torsional deflection. The two modes of
deflection can be utilized in series if desired, to permit
accommodation of a larger range of pin sizes for a socket of given
dimensions of what otherwise would be possible.
The principles of the invention can be used on a wide variety of
contact terminals as regards contact size or specific design
configuration. Contacts in accordance with the invention do not,
for example, require the dual thickness stock of the disclosure
embodiment but can be manufactured from stock metal of a uniform
thickness throughout its width. The principles of the invention are
particularly applicable to extremely small contact terminals where
efficient utilization of the material is of paramount
importance.
* * * * *