U.S. patent number 3,817,389 [Application Number 05/323,726] was granted by the patent office on 1974-06-18 for filter device in tubular fitting for medical injection equipment and the like.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Sherwood Medical Industries, Inc.. Invention is credited to Theodore E. Weichselbaum.
United States Patent |
3,817,389 |
Weichselbaum |
June 18, 1974 |
FILTER DEVICE IN TUBULAR FITTING FOR MEDICAL INJECTION EQUIPMENT
AND THE LIKE
Abstract
A cylindrical, cup-shaped, porous, sintered powdered metal
filter is sealed in a tubular thermoplastic fitting (e.g., the
needle-retaining hub of a hypodermic needle or an adaptor or a
connector in the line of an intravenous infusion set) by
force-fitting the open end of the filter within an annular bead on
the interior wall of the tubular fitting and induction heating the
filter so that the thermoplastic bead will flow into the pores of
the filter to form a continuous ring seal between the filter and
the interior wall of the fitting.
Inventors: |
Weichselbaum; Theodore E.
(Normandy, MO) |
Assignee: |
Sherwood Medical Industries,
Inc. (St. Louis, MO)
|
Family
ID: |
23260444 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/323,726 |
Filed: |
January 15, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
210/448; 210/452;
210/457; 210/496; 604/190 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B29C
66/7392 (20130101); B01D 35/00 (20130101); B29C
65/46 (20130101); B29C 66/612 (20130101); A61M
5/3145 (20130101); B29C 65/7847 (20130101); A61M
5/165 (20130101); B29C 66/8322 (20130101); B01D
35/18 (20130101); B29K 2023/12 (20130101); B29K
2069/00 (20130101); B29K 2067/003 (20130101); B29C
66/71 (20130101); B29C 66/71 (20130101); A61M
2005/1652 (20130101); B29C 66/5344 (20130101); B29L
2031/14 (20130101); B29C 66/71 (20130101); B29C
66/71 (20130101); B29C 66/742 (20130101); B29L
2031/7544 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B29C
65/46 (20060101); B29C 65/44 (20060101); A61M
5/165 (20060101); A61M 5/31 (20060101); B01D
35/00 (20060101); B01d 035/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;128/214B,214C
;210/446,448,451,452,457,496 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Zaharna; Samih N.
Assistant Examiner: Burks; Richard W.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Kendrick & Subkow
Claims
I claim:
1. A filter device for medical infusion and injection equipment and
the like, comprising:
a generally cylindrical, cup-shaped, porous, sintered powdered
metal filter element having an open distal end and a closed
proximal end;
a tubular, thermoplastic fitting having a longitudinal passage
extending axially therethrough; a radially-inwardly projecting
annulus on the internal peripheral wall of said longitudinal
passage; means defining a radially inwardly projecting seat on the
internal peripheral wall of said longitudinal passage;
said filter element having a peripheral edge at said open distal
end thereof; said peripheral edge of said filter element being
disposed on and in contact with said seat of said fitting; said
radially inwardly projecting annulus on the internal peripheral
wall on said longitudinal passage having been softened and forced
into pores of said filter element along a continuous peripheral
ring adjacent to said peripheral edge of said open distal end of
said filter element.
2. A filter device for medical infusion and injection equipment and
the like, comprising: a tubular member formed of relatively rigid
thermoplastic, said tubular member having an internal annular
projection therein; a sintered, porous, powdered metal filter
having an end surface and a continuous peripheral wall extending
from said end surface;
said annular projection of said tubular member and said peripheral
wall of said filter being sealed to one another along a continuous
peripheral ring as a result of said filter and said annular
projection having been heated to a temperature such that a portion
of said annular projection flowed into pores of said peripheral
wall of said filter and the subsequent cooling of said filter body
and said annular projection.
3. The filter device of claim 2 wherein said filter is made from
stainless steel particles.
4. The filter device article of claim 2 wherein said thermoplastic
is a polycarbonate.
5. The filter device of claim 2 wherein said thermoplastic is a
polyethylene terephthalate.
6. The filter device of claim 2 wherein said thermoplastic is a
polypropylene.
7. A filter device for use as a part of an apparatus for the
infusion or injection of parenteral fluid comprising:
a fitting formed of relatively rigid thermoplastic having an
interior peripheral wall defining a passage therethrough; an
annular projection on said interior wall; and a shoulder on said
interior wall; said shoulder being spaced from said projection;
a sintered, porous, powdered stainless steel tubular filter having
a closed end and a continuous peripheral wall extending from said
end and adapted for a force fit into said annular projection and to
abut said shoulder in said fitting;
said annular projection and said peripheral wall of said filter
being in leakproof relation as a result of said filter and said
annular projection having been heated to a temperature such that a
portion of said projection flowed into pores of said peripheral
wall and the subsequent cooling of said filter and said projection.
Description
The present invention relates generally to medical equipment and,
more specifically, to filter devices for use in medical injection
equipment such as hypodermic needles and intravenous infusion
sets.
In recent years medical researchers have been expressing increasing
concern about the presence of particulate contamination in
parenteral solutions intravascularly infused or injected into
patients, and about the possible harm such contamination may cause.
The term "parenteral solutions" as used throughout this patent is
intended to refer to any solution intravenously or intramuscularly
fed to a patient, including medication injected by a hypodermic
syringe and various solutions (e.g., glucose, blood, medication, et
cetera) fed intravenously through an intravenous infusion set.
It is estimated that the average hospital patient currently
receives approximately 2.5 liters of parenteral solutions during
his illness, and the critically ill patient may receive as much as
100 liters or more. Recent studies have shown that the parenteral
solutions are often contaminated by particulate matter from the
infusion equipment, e.g., the glass or plastic container for the
solution, the tubing set, the stopper or "bung" and other
accessories of the equipment. Obviously such contamination may be
harmful to the patient, depending on the type, size, quantity,
etc., of the contaminating particles. Harmful effects have been
demonstrated by medical researchers by means of human autopsies and
studies on various animals.
Particulate contamination is also present in the parenteral
solutions injected into patients by means of hypodermic syringes.
Sources of such contamination include the syringe barrels, plungers
(which typically have rubber tips) and the covers (typically
rubber) and interior (typically glass) of multi-dose vials from
which solutions to be injected are withdrawn.
It is thus apparent that there is a need in the medical field for
some means to prevent or minimize particulate matter contamination
in parenteral solutions.
It has been suggested that filters be employed in injection
equipment to filter particulate contamination from parenteral
fluids fed to patients. However, no filters or filter devices
heretofore designed have met with any appreciable acceptance or use
in the medical field because none of these prior filter devices
have satisfied various requirements that any filter employed in
conjunction with medical injection equipment must meet. One such
requirement is that the filter element must be effectively sealed
or bonded in the fluid flow line of the injection or infusion
equipment to insure that the filter performs its intended function
effectively and efficiently.
A second requirement is that the filter device and means of
incorporation into the injection or infusion equipment not add
appreciably to the cost of the equipment, particularly in view of
the fact that most of the injection and infusion equipment in use
today is disposable (i.e., designed to be discarded after a single
use).
A third important requirement is that the filter must be compatible
with the shape, size and operation of existing injection and
infusion eqiupment.
The filter device of the present invention, and the method of
making the device satisfy the efficiency, cost and compatibility
requirements discussed above, and provide other advantages which
will become apparent from a review of the filter device and method
of the present invention as shown in the drawings and described in
the following specification and claims.
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a hypodermic needle into
which a filter device of the present invention may be
incorporated.
FIG. 2 is a sectional elevation view of the hub or tubular fitting
of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 with a filter element of the
present invention being inserted therein.
FIG. 3 is a sectional elevation view similar to FIG. 2 showing the
filter in place in the fitting.
FIG. 4 is a sectional elevation view similar to FIGS. 2 and 3
showing the filter being induction heated to seal it in the
fitting.
FIG. 5 is a partial sectional elevation view showing in greater
detail the seal between the filter and the fitting.
FIG. 1 illustrates a hypodermic needle 10 into which the filter
device of the present invention may be incorporated. The needle 10
includes a needle cannula 12 (preferably stainless steel) connected
to the forward or distal end of a thermoplastic tubular hub or
fitting 16 having a porous, sintered, powdered metal filter element
18 therein. The hypodermic needle 10 of FIG. 1 is only an exemplary
showing of a medical injection device into which the filter device
of the present invention may be incorporated. It is contemplated
that the filter device of the present invention may be incorporated
in various types of medical equipment and the like, including
intravenous infusion sets, hypodermic syringes and double luer
adapters. The tubular thermoplastic fitting or connector 16 is
exemplary of only one of numerous types of connectors, fittings,
adaptors and hubs into which a filter may be incorporated and
sealed to form the filter device of the present invention.
The structure of the filter device of the present invention and the
method by which the porous metal filter 18 is sealed into the
tubular thermoplastic connector 16 to form a filter device of the
present invention may best be understood by referring to FIGS. 2 to
5.
The thermoplastic connector 16 is of generally tubular shape and
has internal peripheral wall 19 defining a longitudinal passage 20
extending therethrough. The outer or proximal end 22 of the passage
20 is tapered outwardly (commonly referred to in the medical field
as a female luer taper) to facilitate sealing reception of the tip
of a syringe (or other tubular member) to which the proximal end of
the fitting 16 is to be connected. The forward or distal end of the
passage through the stem 24 may be cylindrical or tapered to
receive the butt end of the needle cannula 12, which may, for
example, be epoxy bonded therein.
The intermediate portion of the peripheral wall 19 of passage 20 is
provided with a shoulder 30 which functions as a seat for the end
of the filter 18. An inwardly-projecting annular ring or bead 32 is
provided on the interior wall 19 of the fitting 16 just above the
shoulder or seat 30. The internal diameter of the bead 32 is
slightly less than the outer diameter of the filter 18 so that the
end of the filter 18 can be force-fit into the bead 32 in a manner
and for a purpose described more fully below.
The term "thermoplastic," as used herein, is intended to refer to
any plastic material that will soften when heated and re-solidify
or harden when cooled. The thermoplastic fitting or connector 16 is
preferably constructed of a relatively rigid thermoplastic such as
polypropylene, polycarbonate or polyethylene terephthalate.
The filter 18 is preferably cylindrical cup-shaped in form, having
a closed rear end 36 and an open forward end 38 defined by a
forward peripheral wall 39.
The filter 18 is preferably formed of a porous, sintered, powdered
stainless steel. The particular formation and interrelationship of
the particles of the filter 18 are important, but do not constitute
a part of the invention of this patent. The composition of the
filter 18 may be of the type described in copending application
Ser. No. 354,309, filed Apr. 25, 1973.
The filter element 18 is positioned and sealed or bonded in the
tubular fitting 16 in the following manner.
The filter element 18 is inserted, open end first, into the passage
20 of the fitting 16 by means of a suitable tool, such as the
insertion tip 40 of a suitable vacuum tool, as shown in FIG. 2. The
filter element 18 is held on the tool 40 by suction, and is pressed
downwardly through the plastic annular ring or bead 32 until the
forward peripheral wall 39 of the open forward end 38 rests or
seats on the annular shoulder 30. As noted above, the outer
diameter of the filter element 18 is slightly larger than the
internal diameter of the annular bead 32 so that the forward end of
the filter 18 is force-fit in the annular bead 32 to compress and
deform the bead (see FIG. 3).
With the filter element 18 in place (i.e., with the forward end
wall 39 of the filter abutting the shoulder 30 in the fitting 16
and the forward end portion of the peripheral wall of the filter 18
force-fit in the annular bead 32), the filter element 18 is heated
to a temperature and for such a time to heat the thermoplastic bead
32, which melts or softens and flows into the pores in a continuous
ring around the forward end portion of the outer peripheral wall of
the filter element 18. As shown in FIG. 4, it is contemplated that
the filter element 18 may be heated by the electromagnetic field
generated by induction heating coils 44. It is contemplated,
however, that other means of heating the filter element 18 may be
employed so long as such heating means does not interfere with the
compressive force exerted by the filter element on the annular bead
32.
FIG. 5 is an enlarged sectional view illustrating the intrusion of
the plastic bead 32 into the pores around the outer peripheral wall
of the forward end portion of the filter element 18 after the bead
has cooled and re-solidified.
It is to be noted that the seal or bond formed between the bead 32
and the forward end portion of the outer surface of filter element
18 is a relatively thin continuous ring which does not
significantly reduce the effective surface area of the filter which
is exposed to the solution to be filtered. Thus, the seal will not
inhibit the flow rate of the solution which must pass through the
filter. It is to be noted that the foregoing is a significant
advantage of the present invention because it is essential to
maintain the effective surface area of the filter element 18 at a
maximum to insure that the flow rate of the solution passed through
the filter may be maintained at the desired level. It will also be
noted that the cylindrical cup shape of the filter element 18
maximizes the effective surface area of the filter which is exposed
to the solution to be passed therethrough, consistant with the
over-all size limitations imposed by the fitting into which it is
inserted, to maximize the permissible flow rate of the
solution.
From the foregoing, it will be appreciated that the method of the
present invention provides a filter device for medical injection
equipment and the like which is relatively inexpensive, efficient
and readily adaptable for use with existing injection and infusion
equipment (e.g., plastic fittings, such as injection needle hubs).
The ring seal or bond formed between the tubular fitting and the
peripheral wall of the filter provides an effective continuous seal
which does not interfere with the critical, permissible flow rate
of solution through the filter, yet insures a fluid tight seal to
prevent fluid from passing around, rather than through, the filter
element. Thus, the method and resulting filter device of the
present invention satisfies the existing need in the industry for a
device which will effectively eliminate or minimize particulate
contamination in parenteral fluids to be injected into
patients.
It is contemplated, of course, that numerous changes and
modifications may be made to the particular embodiments of the
method and filter device described above and shown in the drawings
without departing from the scope of the present invention. For
example, while a cylindrical cup-shaped filter has been shown and
described as a preferable embodiment, it is contemplated that
method and filter devices of the present invention may employ
filter elements of other shapes, such as disk shapes, plate shapes
and rounded cup shapes.
Accordingly, it is intended that the scope of the present invention
be limited only by the scope of the appended claims.
* * * * *