U.S. patent number 3,814,395 [Application Number 05/244,783] was granted by the patent office on 1974-06-04 for aeration plant for clarifying sewage and waste effluents.
Invention is credited to Joseph Richard Kaelin.
United States Patent |
3,814,395 |
Kaelin |
June 4, 1974 |
AERATION PLANT FOR CLARIFYING SEWAGE AND WASTE EFFLUENTS
Abstract
An apparatus for surface aeration and circulation of liquids,
comprising a tank for containing a body of liquid. An aeration
rotor is positioned at least partially submerged in the body of
liquid in the tank. This rotor rotates about a substantially
vertical axis and includes a shaft position on the vertical axis of
the rotor. A first wall member is secured centrally to and extends
radially outwardly from the shaft and a second wall member extends
radially outwardly from the shaft and has a centrally arranged
opening therein concentrically disposed about the shaft of the
rotor. Partition means secured to and extending between the first
and second wall members form a plurality of guide channels defining
flow passageways therebetween, with the opening in the second wall
member providing a first opening to each of the flow passageways. A
second opening is located at the opposite end of each of said flow
passageways at the outer edges of the wall members. There is also
provided means for feeding air into each flow passageway
substantially at a location where the liquid disposed thereat is
moving substantially laterally towards the outer edges of said wall
members, the opening of the rotor being freely accessible to the
liquid circulating in said tank. The second wall member is formed
by a surface of revolution about the vertical axis of the rotor
whose generatrix forms a continuous curve extending from the
periphery of the first opening to the periphery of the second
opening, said curve initially converging inwardly towards the axis
of the rotor for a minor portion of its length and then diverging
outwardly away from the axis of the rotor for a major portion of
its length and the outer end of the curve terminating in a
substantially horizontal position at the periphery of said second
opening and being in close proximity to the level of the liquid in
the tank.
Inventors: |
Kaelin; Joseph Richard (Buochs,
CH) |
Family
ID: |
27561069 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/244,783 |
Filed: |
April 17, 1972 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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806767 |
Jan 31, 1968 |
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434838 |
Feb 24, 1965 |
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64125 |
Jul 30, 1970 |
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593562 |
Nov 10, 1966 |
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Foreign Application Priority Data
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Feb 27, 1964 [CH] |
|
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2445/64 |
May 14, 1964 [CH] |
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6340/64 |
Nov 11, 1965 [CH] |
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15542/65 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
261/87; 261/93;
261/91 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B01F
3/04836 (20130101); C02F 3/16 (20130101); B01F
3/04539 (20130101); B01F 3/0478 (20130101); B01F
7/1625 (20130101); B01F 3/04773 (20130101); Y02W
10/10 (20150501); Y02W 10/15 (20150501); B01F
15/0201 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
C02F
3/14 (20060101); C02F 3/16 (20060101); B01F
3/04 (20060101); B01F 7/16 (20060101); B01F
15/02 (20060101); B01f 003/04 () |
Field of
Search: |
;261/91,93,87,76
;210/208 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Miles; Tim R.
Assistant Examiner: Chiesa; Richard L.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Kleeman; Werner W.
Parent Case Text
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED CASES
This application is a continuation-in-part application of my
copending U.S. application, Ser. No. 806,767, now abandoned, filed
Jan. 31, 1968, which, in turn, is a continuation application of
U.S. application, Ser. No. 434,838, now abandoned, filed Feb. 24,
1965, and also a continuation-in-part application of my copending
U.S. application, Ser. No. 64,125, now abandoned, filed July 30,
1970, which, in turn, is a continuation application of U.S.
application, Ser. No. 593,562, now abandoned, filed Nov. 10, 1966.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. An apparatus for surface aeration and circulation of liquids,
comprising a tank for containing a body of liquid to have a liquid
level therein, means disposed within said tank for aerating and
circulating the liquid contained therein by drawing liquid upwardly
from the tank and directing the liquid in an outward path back into
the body of liquid in the tank, said aerating and circulating means
comprising an aeration rotor positioned within said tank and
arranged to be at least partially submerged in the body of liquid
therein, said rotor being arranged to rotate about a substantially
vertical axis, said rotor comprising a shaft positioned on the
vertical axis of said rotor, a first disk-like wall member secured
centrally to and extending radially outwardly from said shaft, a
second disk-like wall member extending radially outwardly from said
shaft and having a centrally arranged opening therein
concentrically disposed about the shaft of said rotor, said second
disk-like wall member being spaced below said first disk-like wall
member, upright partition means secured to and extending between
said first and second disk-like wall members and forming a
plurality of guide channels defining flow passageways therebetween,
the opening in said second disk-like wall member providing a first
opening to each of said flow passageways, a second opening located
at the opposite end of each of said flow passageways at the outer
edges of said disk-like wall members, means for feeding air into
each flow passageway substantially at a location where the liquid
disposed thereat is moving substantially laterally towards the
outer edges of said disk-like wall members, said opening of the
rotor being freely accessible to the liquid circulating in said
tank.
2. The apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein the free
accessibility of said opening of the rotor is insured through the
absence of any draft tube at the region of such opening of said
rotor.
3. The apparatus as defined in claim 2, wherein said second
disk-like wall member is formed by a surface of revolution about
the vertical axis of said rotor whose generatrix forms a continuous
curve extending from the periphery of the first opening to the
periphery of the second opening, said curve initially converging
inwardly towards the axis of the rotor for a minor portion of its
length and then diverging outwardly away from the axis of the rotor
for a major portion of its length and the outer end of the curve
terminating in a substantially horizontal position at the periphery
of said second opening and being in close proximity to the level of
the liquid in the tank.
4. The apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein said partition
means comprise substantially radially directed blades, said air
feeding means comprising air intake duct means extending through
the first disk-like wall member and communicating with said guide
channels.
5. The apparatus as defined in claim 4, wherein said air intake
duct means communicate with the atmosphere.
6. The apparatus as defined in claim 4, wherein said radially
directed blades are radially spirally curved, said opening in said
second disk-like wall member defining a common inlet opening at the
bottom of the rotor for admitting liquid in axial direction, said
second opening at the opposite end of each flow passageway defining
individual outlet openings at the periphery of the rotor for
discharging such liquid.
7. The apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein said opening of
said second disk-like wall member defines a common inlet opening
for admitting liquid in axial direction into the rotor, a
deflection member disposed at the region of said common inlet
opening, said deflection member being positioned to direct air
supplied by said air feeding means into said flow passageways
defined by said guide channels.
8. The apparatus as defined in claim 1, further including a guide
cone having an apex directed upwardly and placed upon the floor of
the tank in substantial axial alignment with the rotor, said guide
cone being provided with upwardly directed and radially extending
guide vanes.
9. The apparatus as defined in claim 8, wherein said guide vanes on
said guide cone extend helically upwards about said guide cone.
10. The apparatus as defined in claim 8, wherein the upper ends of
said guide vanes are closely spaced below said opening in said
second disk-like wall member.
11. The apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein said air feeding
means comprises a tube arranged substantially concentric about said
vertical axis of the rotor and in flow communication with said
guide channels.
12. The apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein said air feeding
means comprises an air infeed duct provided for each guide channel
at said first disk-like wall member and extending through the body
thereof.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a new and improved apparatus and
plant for the aeration and circulation of liquids. The invention is
particularly, although not exclusively, concerned with the aeration
of sewage and waste effluents for the purification or clarification
thereof, particularly by activated sludge processes, and employing
means for circulating and aerating the liquids to be treated.
The technology in this particular art is familiar with the aeration
of sewage by so-called "surface aeration" during which oxygen from
the air is introduced by mechanical devices into the liquid to be
treated and dissolved therein according to the oxygen absorption
characteristics of the liquid. By means of such surface aeration,
circulation and mixing zones of the liquid which are lacking in
air, are continuously moved towards the aerator and a movement is
created within the liquid body itself capable of maintaining in
suspension the desired particles as are liable to settle, for
instance the activated sludge.
Moreover, devices for the circulation and aeration of liquid into
tanks are already known to the art wherein air is introduced into
the liquid, either by blowing it through diffusers or by
distributing it into the liquid through a hollow shaft and rotating
parts located deep below the liquid surface, or by conveying the
liquid by rotors and splashing it against faces or surfaces placed
above the liquid surfaces. Basic requirements for such equipment
are the capability of effecting so-called "oxygen absorption" as
well as the mixing and circulation with a minimum of energy
requirements and adjustability for wide variations in
performance.
There are also known aeration devices which employ brush rolls
rotating upon the surface of the water for aerating the waste water
and clarifying plants. Furthermore, there have been proposed for
aerating water so-called perculating filters from which water
trickles down. These known devices have the inherent disadvantage
that the intensity of aeration is adjustable only to a limited
degree and therefore can be only insufficiently adapted to the
prevailing conditions, typically the quantity of the water to be
cleaned per unit of time and the degree of contamination or soiling
thereof.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Hence, from what has been stated above it should be apparent that
this particular technology is still in need of aeration plants for
clarifying sewage and waste effluents which are not associated with
the aforementioned drawbacks and limitations of the prior art
proposals. It is therefore a primary object of the present
invention to provide a new and improved aeration plant for
clarifying sewage and waste effluents which is not associated with
the aforementioned drawbacks and limitations of the heretofore
known constructions of aeration plants and effectively and reliably
fulfills the existing need in the art.
Yet a further significant object of the present invention relates
to an aeration plant for clarifying sewage and waste effluents in a
highly efficient and economical fashion, wherein the aeration rotor
is constructed in the manner promoting intensive circulation of the
liquid throughout the basin.
Still a further significant object of this invention relates to a
novel construction of apparatus for the circulation and aeration of
liquid in tanks or the like, especially for the treatment of
sewage, employing a rotor construction having means for effectively
infeeding the air into the guide channels for the liquid so as to
promote intensive admixture therewith.
Yet a further noteworthy object of the present invention relates to
apparatus for the circulation and aeration of liquids in tanks or
the like incorporating a rotor or impeller wheel having specially
designed guide channels for the liquid undergoing treatment
promoting more efficient operation and circulation of the liquid
through the tank.
And another object of this invention relates to a new and improved
apparatus for the aeration and circulation of liquids in a tank
wherein the rotor or impeller wheel operates without the use of a
draft tube or equivalent type of structure so that the rotor itself
directly imparts to the liquid within the tank an intense
rotational movement distributed throughout the entire body of the
tank, to thus cause such liquid to flow in a continuous spiral or
rotational path.
Now, in order to implement these and still further objects of the
invention, which will become more readily apparent as the
description proceeds, the general constructional manifestation of
apparatus for aerating and circulating liquid in a tank or the
like, for instance for the treatment of sewage, as contemplated by
this invention comprises a rotor or impeller wheel which, during
use, is at least partially submerged in the liquid and rotates
about a substantially vertical axis. This rotor is provided about
its circumferential extent with a plurality of upwardly and
outwardly directed guide channels through which the liquid enters
from the underside of the rotor and from which it is discharged
laterally or substantially horizontally by the centrifugal action
prevailing during rotor rotation. According to the invention there
is also provided means for the introduction of air into the guide
channels for the liquid. The means for introducing the air into the
guide channels of the rotor preferably incorporates air inlets
opening into the guide channels in the vicinity of the location of
the rotor guide channels where such are shaped to direct the liquid
laterally or substantially horizontally. The liquid departs from
the rotor generally in the form of a spray or the like promoting
oxygen absorption, this absorption of oxygen being increased by the
introduction of air into the rotor itself.
Conveniently, the rotor impeller or impeller wheel incorporating
the plurality of guide channels for the liquid may be constituted
by radial blades or paddles and two spaced disk-like wall members
located in superimposed fashion, and which are curved in a vertial
plane and carry such blades or paddles. The guide channels are
disposed in such a manner that the liquid, which enters vertically
upwards into the guide channel inlets arranged around the rotor
axis, is deflected outwards through an angle of approximately
90.degree., departing from the upper part of the rotor in a
substantially horizontal direction through the guide channel
outlets. The channel outlets are disposed about the periphery of
greatest diameter of the rotor compared with the diameter at which
the channel inlets are located. The upper curved disk, that is to
say that disk-like wall member disposed closer to the axis of
rotation of the rotor, may be provided at the region of the rotor
axis or along its deflecting curvature and at each guide channel
with an outlet portion of an air inlet or duct means communicating
with atmosphere. Moreover, such guide channels of the rotor
structure may be conveniently connected to the atmosphere by a duct
or tube concentric with the rotor axis and which communicates with
the guide channels of the rotor through an annular space.
According to a further aspect of this development the rotor itself
is not associated with any draft tube or equivalent structure, as
such has been heretofore proposed by certain prior art aeration
plant constructions, exemplified for instance by U.S. Pat. Nos.
2,054,395 and 2,120,786. Importantly, then, when the rotor of this
development is submerged in the tank it is not enclosed with any
tube or similar structure so that, as it rotates, it directly
imparts to the liquid within the tank a rotational movement which
is distributed throughout the entire body of the tank, causing the
liquid to flow in a continuous rotational path. This motion in
addition to the motion provided by the flow of the liquid outwardly
from the channel outlets and into the liquid level of the tank in
substantially horizontal direction promotes an extremely effective
flow path for the liquid within the tank. Circulation is therefore
unimpeded and highly effective.
A further aspect of this invention contemplates forming the lower
and outer wall member of the rotor by a surface of revolution about
the vertical axis of the rotor, the generatrix of which forms a
continuous curve extending from the periphery of the inlet openings
at the lower end of the rotor to the periphery of the outlets of
the guide channels. This curve initially converges inwardly towards
the axis of the rotor for a minor portion of its length and then
diverges outwardly away from the axis of the rotor for a major
portion of its length, and the outer end of the curve terminates in
a substantially horizontal position at the periphery of the outlets
of the guide channels and is in close proximity to the level of the
liquid in the tank. It has been found that such construction of
rotor provides for an extremely efficient operation and improved
throughput.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention will be better understood and objects other than
those set forth above, will become apparent when consideration is
given to the following detailed description thereof. Such
description makes reference to the annexed drawings wherein the
same reference characters have been generally employed for the same
elements throughout the various embodiments disclosed and
wherein:
FIG. 1 is a fragmentary pictorial view of the aeration tank in
operation and employing an aeration rotor designed according to the
teachings of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional view through the aeration tank
depicted in FIG. 1 and depicting details of the equipment for the
circulation and aeration of the liquid contained therein;
FIG. 3 is a vertical sectional view through a modified form of
aeration impeller or rotor embodying teachings of this
invention;
FIG. 4 is a fragmentary vertical sectional view through another
embodiment of aeration rotor or impeller wheel as contemplated by
this invention;
FIG. 5 is a top plan view of the rotor or impeller wheel depicted
in FIG. 4, part of the upper disk-like wall member being removed to
reveal internal structure thereof; and
FIG. 6 is a vertical sectional view through a modified form of
aeration plant designed according to the teachings of the present
invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Describing now the drawings, the exemplary embodiment of apparatus
for the aeration and circulation of liquids, particularly sewage,
as depicted Between FIGS. 1 and 2 will be seen to comprise a tank
or basin 10 bounded by sidewalls 12 and having a floor or bottom
portion 14. Tank 10 may be of any desired cross-section, for
instance rectangular or cylindrical by way of example. Between the
floor 14 and the sidewalls 12 of the tank 10 there is provided a
sloping floor portion 16. Further, a bridge 18 will be seen to
extend between two opposite sidewalls 12 of tank 10. Bridge 18
carries a suitable electric motor 20 positioned such that its
vertically extending drive shaft 22 passes through such bridge 18
and into the confines of the tank 10. The lower end of the motor
shaft 22 carries a turbine-like impeller wheel 24, sometimes
hereinafter conveniently simply referred to as "rotor". At this
point it is also to be mentioned that the electric motor 20 may be
advantageously a standard reversible motor so that rotor 24 can be
selectively driven in the one or the other rotational direction.
This is true for all of the embodiments of rotor constructions
disclosed herein.
Continuing, it will be recognized by referring to FIG. 2 in
particular, that on the tank floor 14 and preferably at its central
region there is arranged a hollow flow-cone 26. This flow-cone 26
has a length of pipe 28 extending axially from its apex. The center
line of this pipe or conduit 28 substantially coincides with the
axis of rotation of the rotor 24. Radial guide vanes 30 extend
vertically from the surface of the flow-cone 26 up to the free end
of the pipe or conduit 28. While in the exemplary embodiment four
such guide vanes 30 are contemplated it should of course be
apparent that a greater or smaller number could also be employed.
Apart from the above structure, the tank 10 is also provided with a
material infeed or inlet conduit 32 and an outfeed or discharge
conduit 34 at the sidewalls 12 thereof.
Now in the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 the aeration
tank may be assumed to constitute, for instance, part of a
purification plant and can be inserted between primary and final
sedimentation. In such case the infeed or inlet 32 provides for the
inflow of sewage from primary sedimentation whereas the activated
sludge flows to final sedimentation via the discharge or outflow
conduit 34. However, it would be also possible to admit and treat
sewage in the aeration tank 10 without primary sedimentation.
Furthermore, a return pipe 36 extends from the lower part of the
final sedimentation tank (not shown) into the aeration tank 10,
terminating inside the hollow cone 26 as best seen by referring to
FIG. 2. By means of the return pipe 36 sludge collected during
final sedimentation is returned into the aeration tank 10. A drain
pipe 38 can be connected with the return pipe 36, this drain pipe
extending from the tank bottom or floor 14 of the aeration tank 10
and normally being shut-off by means of a suitable slide valve 40
or other appropriate valve structure or closure. The aforesaid
drain pipe 38 is open during stoppages in operation if required in
order to empty the contents of the tank through the return pipe 36
and a drain which has not been particularly shown.
Although details of various constructional forms of rotor 24 will
be considered more fully in conjunction with the description of
FIGS. 3, 4 and 5 in particular, it is thought appropriate at this
point to make certain general observations concerning the rotor
constructions disclosed herein. Rotor 24 may be advantageously
manufactured from a light and preferably plastic material, for
example by spray casting techniques. For instance, a wear resistant
polyester mixture may be employed to advantage or any other
suitable material which is corrosion resistant and unbreakable.
Rotor 24 comprises an upper disk-like wall member 42 and a spaced
lower disk-like wall member 44. A number of blades or baffles 46
are situated between the upper disk member 42 and lower disk member
44 in order to form a plurality of guide channels 48 defining flow
passageways for liquid entering from the lower end 50 of the rotor
24 in a vertical direction into these guide channels 48 arranged
circularly about the rotor shaft 22 and specifically peripherally
about the body of such rotor. The liquid entering from the lower
inlet end 50 of the rotor 24 is deflected through an angle of
approximately 90.degree. in the guide channels 48 outwardly and
discharges from such guide channels 48 at the outer perimeter of
the rotor 24 in a substantially horizontal or lateral direction. It
will be seen that the rotor itself is arranged near the level of
the liquid 52 in the tank 10 so as to provide for surface aeration
and circulation of such liquid.
With the foregoing background in mind attention is now invited to
FIG. 3 wherein there is shown in sectional view details of a
specific constructional form of rotor 24. Hence it will be seen
that rotor 24 is provided with a first disk-like wall member 42
secured centrally to and extending radially outwardly from the
rotor shaft 22. There is also provided a second disk-like wall
member 44 which likewise extends radially outwardly in spaced
relationship from the rotor shaft 22 and has a centrally arranged
opening 54 therein concentrically disposed about the rotor shaft
22. This second disk-like wall member 44 is axially spaced below
the first disk-like wall member 42. The plurality of generally
radially directed baffles or partition walls 46 which extend
between the upper disk-like wall member 42 and the lower disk-like
wall member 44 serve to form the previously mentioned guide or flow
channels 48 which define radial spirally extending laterally
enclosed flow passageways. The common inlet opening 54 at the lower
disk-like wall member 44 is thus sub-divided into a number of
inlets 56, each of which communicates with an associated guide
channel 48 in order to feed liquid from each respective individual
inlet opening 56 to the associated outlet opening 58 of each such
guide channel 48. Furthermore, the bottom end of the driving rotor
shaft 22 will be seen to carry a conical deflection member 60
having a pointed end 62 directed towards the center of the inlet
opening 54. Moreover, hub member 43 of the rotor 24 is traversed by
a plurality of axially directed air inlet ducts or conduits 64, one
such air inlet duct 64 being provided for each of the radially
extending guide or flow channels 48. The lower end of these air
inlet ducts 64 is radially deflected by the conical deflection
member 60, so that each air inlet duct 64 radially opens at
location 66 into its associated guide channel 48. The point of
entry of the air into the liquid stream flowing through the guide
channel 48 is advantageously at a location where the liquid stream
flows essentially laterally or horizontally towards the discharge
or outlet 58 of the relevant flow channel 48.
Now in FIGS. 4 and 5 there is shown a further embodiment of rotor
24 again composed of an upper downwardly curved outwardly directed
disk-wall member 42 and a lower upwardly curved outwardly directed
disk-like wall member 44. Just as was the case for the previously
considered embodiments radially extending baffles or partition
walls 46 serve to divide the rotor into a number of radially
extending laterally enclosed flow passageways formed by the guide
or flow channels 48 having an inlet opening 56 and an outlet
opening 58 for each such guide channel. Communicating with each
guide channel 48 is an air duct 68. Each air duct 68 wil be seen to
extend through the body of the upper disk-like wall member 42 and
merges with the associated guide channel 48, preferably at the
region where the liquid is moving laterally or horizontally towards
the outlet 58 thereof. Now in this embodiment the outer annular
disk 44 of the rotor 24 is shown in vertical section as forming a
portion of an ellipse 70, the major axis 72 of which extends
horizontally slightly above the common inlet end or opening 54 for
the guide channels 46 and the minor axis 74 of which extends
vertically from the rotor outlet or discharge openings 58. Thus the
outer disk or disk-like wall member 44 of the rotor forms a portion
of an elliptical annulus, the inner diameter 76 of which determines
the sectional area of flow slightly above the inlet end of the
rotor while the diameter at the outer end of the rotor is
substantially equal to the sum of the smallest inlet diameter plus
the length of the longer axis of the ellipse 70 formed by the
cross-section through the elliptical annulus.
A rotor designed according to the teachings of FIGS. 4 and 5 has
given excellent results as to the delivery rate and amount of air
sucked-in through the air inlet tubes or ducts 68 and mixed with
the liquid expelled through the outlet or discharge openings 58. It
should be noted that the lower and outer disk-like wall member 44
of the rotor is formed by a surface or revolution about the
vertical axis of the rotor, whose generatrix forms a continuous
curve extending from the periphery of the inlet opening at the
lower end of the rotor to the periphery of the outlet openings of
the guide channels, this curve initially curving inwardly towards
the axis of the rotor for a minor portion of its length and then
diverging outwardly away from the axis of the rotor for a major
portion of its length, the outer end of such curve terminating in a
substantially horizontal position at the periphery of the outlets
of the guide channels. The rotor 24 is positioned in the tank 10 so
that the curve which terminates in substantially horizontal
position at the periphery of the rotor outlet openings 58 is in
close proximity to the level of the liquid in the tank.
The general arrangement of aeration plant as depicted in FIGS. 1
and 2 can be employed with any of the rotor constructions described
heretofore in conjunction with FIGS. 3, 4 and 5. There will not be
considered in greater detail the operation of such aeration
plant.
When the plant described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5 is to be
started up the aeration tank 10 is filled with sewage through the
inlet 32 up to the indicated level of the liquid 52 which is
maintained approximately in line with the lower edge 57 of the
rotor discharge openings 58, or perhaps a few centimeters above.
Drive motor 20 is then switched-on causing the rotor 24 to rotate
at about 60 to 80 r.p.m. The liquid inside the guide channels 48 of
the rotor 24 will be subjected to centrifugal forces and discharged
in radial direction from the upper perimeter of these guide
channels. This causes a suction at the inlet or entry 54 to the
guide channels 48 drawing more liquid continuously upwards from
below into such channels with the centrifugal force first lifting
the liquid and then discharging it horizontally outwards. As long
as the rotor runs there will, therefore, be a continuous
circulation of the liquid contained in the tank 10. Due to the
rotation of the partly submerged rotor, the entire content of the
tank 10 will gradually obtain a rotational movement, having the
same direction of rotation as the rotor but very much slower. This
effect is promoted due to the absence of any draft tube or the like
at the rotor which allows for unimpeded access of liquid into the
rotor and liquid circulation in the tank. With the continuous
suction flow into the lower end 54 of the rotor 24 a flow column 59
is set up in the center of the tank in a vertically upward
direction and having a diameter essentially corresponding to that
of the rotor inlet, as best seen by referring to FIG. 2.
The liquid which is sucked up into the rotor from below and
discharged in a horizontal direction only slightly above the tank
liquid level 52 spreads fan-like and in a step-by-step or wave
fashion radially over the surface of the tank up to the side walls
12 and hence is deflected downwards, individual particles of the
liquid descending to the bottom of the tank 10 with a spiral or
screw-like motion 61 caused by the slowly revolving contents of the
tank. By means of the sloping tank wall section 16 the liquid
between the top edge of the tank and its floor 14 is re-directed
towards the center of the tank 10 and the flow-cone 26, thus
arriving at the region of suction of the turbulent liquid column 59
and moving axially upwards the rotor inlet. This liquid column is
centralised by the flow-cone 26 and guide vanes 30. The guide vanes
30 also serve to slow down the rotational speed of the liquid in
the tank so as to maintain an adequate velocity differential
between liquid and rotor. In operation, preferably the lower edge
57 of the rotor exit should be situated substantially flush with
the liquid level 52 in the tank. However, the height of this edge
57 with respect to the liquid level 52 may slightly vary. The lower
edge 57 may be also slightly immersed in the liquid or it may be
situated a slight distance above the liquid level.
The liquid sucked up by the rotor 24 and drawn through the guide
channels 48 towards the outlets 58 with a high velocity, due to the
centrifugal forces, itself causes a suction action, thus drawing
air from above the tank level thorugh the air tubes or ducts 64
(FIG. 3) or 68 (IG. 4) into the guide channels 48 for admixture
with the passing liquid flow so as to be discharged as a liquid/air
mixture from the outlet ends 58 of the rotor guide channels 48.
The breaking up of the liquid conveyed by the rotor into separate
streams by means of the guide channels 42 of the rotor 24 and the
injector-like air intake inside these channels ensures for an
intensive or intimate contact between air and liquid. With the
rotor turning in, for instance the direction of the arrow A in FIG.
1, the outlet edge 45 (FIG. 5) of every baffle or partition wall
forms a progressive wave on the liquid surface of the tank,
intensively mixed with air, but of small height due to the lower
edge 57 of the guide channels 48 being only very slightly below the
liquid level in the tank. As can be seen from FIG. 1 these
turbulent progressive waves travel in a spiral fashion right up to
the that of the tank. These progressive waves form the upper layer
of the tank liquid onto which the liquid/air mixture is thrown
continuously from the rotor guide channels. This ensures thact the
liquid surface is roughed-up or continuously disturbed and the
contact area between air and water increased, thus improving the
diffusion of air or oxygen into the liquid.
As already mentioned, the liquid discharged from the rotor 24 is
deflected downwards when reaching the tank walls 12, individual
particles of the liquid descending with a screw-like motion down to
the tank bottom 14 where they are deflected in a spiral fashion
towards the flow-cone 26 only to be drawn with high velocity in an
ascending axial direction into the rotor inlet 54 due to its
suction effect. Around flow-cone 26 there is, therefore, a region
of low pressure which, under suitably applied technical conditions,
is sufficient to return into the circulation of the tank a quantity
of liquid discharged from the tank through discharge 34. FIG. 2
shows, for example, the return pipe 36 from a final sedimentaion
tank entering the hollow flow-cone 26 from below and being
connected to tube 28 at the apex of such flow-cone. Due to the
prevailing suction effect of the exit of tube 28 caused by the
rapidly rising liquid column 59, the sludge which collects at the
bottom of the final sedimentation tank is returned and brought
again into the circulation of the aeration tank.
During operation of the plant the rotor 24 for all embodiments can
be run in either direction, as generally indicated by the
double-headed arrows B and C in FIG. 5. Normally the rotor will be
run in the direction of arrow C, the liquid leaving the guide
channels 42 of the rotor in the direction of arrow D. With this
rotation the baffles or partition walls 46 at the exit from the
rotor 24 will be of slightly backwards curvature, opposite to the
direction of rotation. The exit edges 45 of the baffles generating
only a small amount of turbulence in the liquid discharged from the
channels 48 and spreading the liquid/air mixture gently over the
tank surface to complete its circulation by descending to the tank
bottom in a gradual screw motion, and then being deflected by the
flow-cone to return to the rotor as a quickly rising liquid
column.
With the rotor running in direction of the arrow B the baffles or
partition walls 46 will be slightly curved in their direction of
rotation, thus exerting a higher pressure onto the liquid being
discharged, i.e. they provide an extra push. The turbulence in the
liquid discharged will be increased due to the tearing action by
the exit edges 45 of the baffles in the direction of arrow E, thus
creating an additional air or oxygen supply into the liquid
discharged.
By reversing the rotation of the rotor it is also possible to
change the aeration capacity for the tank. As stated, the rotor
runs normally in the direction of the arrow C in FIG. 5. Should,
for any reason whatsoever there be a temporary increase in sludge
content of the aeration tank requiring a higher oxygen demand, the
direction of rotation of the rotor can be simply reversed by means
of the reversible drive motor 20 to thus run in the direction of
the arrow B. The oxygen intake will then be increased corresponding
to the greater sludge content without requiring a great deal of
extra motor power. Requirements for varying the aeration capacity
can also be met by changing the r.p.m. of the rotor or by changing
the depth of immersion of edge 57 of the guide channel outlets
(FIG. 1 or 3) into the tank liquid. With rotors made and installed
according to FIGS. 1 to 5 best efficiencies were obtained at 70 to
72 r.p.m. and 2 - 2.5 centimeters depth of immersion.
Finally, in FIG. 6 there is shown a vertical sectional view through
an aeration plant, wherein generally the same reference characters
have been again conveniently used as were employed for the general
arrangement of aeration plant as disclosed in FIGS. 1 to 5
heretofore. It will be seen that rotor 24, which may be any of the
types heretofore disclosed, is suspended such that the lower edge
57 of the rotor discharge or outlet openings 58 is in close
proximity to the level of the liquid in the tank 10. A guide cone
80 is placed on the bottom or floor 14 of the tank 10 in axial
alignment wth the rotor 24 and is provided with radial guide vanes
82 which extend helically upwards about the guide cone 80. The
guide vanes 82 redirect the liquid, approaching the cone in radial
or spiral fashion along the bottom of the tank, in a gradually
upward direction towards the inlet end 54 of the rotor 24. The
upper ends 84 of the vanes 82 extend in a substantially axial
direction and upwardly to within a short distance below the lower
inlet opening 54 and the inlet openings to the guide channels 48 of
the rotor. The upper ends of the upper portions 84 of the vanes 82
act to brake the spiral movement of the liquid in the central
portion of the aeration tank, so that in the suction zone
immediately below the rotor 24 the liquid does not have any rotary
motion but moves upwardly in axial direction only due to the
suction effect of the rotor. The efficiency of the rotor is thus
increased.
In all of the embodiments herein disclosed it should be noted that
the rotor is at least partially submerged in the tank and is not
enlcosed with any draft tube or similar structure so that, as the
rotor rotates, it can impart directly to the liquid within the tank
a circulatory movement which is distributed throughout the entire
body of the tank causing the liquid to flow in a continuous
rotational path, as indicated for instance by the arrows 86 of FIG.
6. Hence the combination of the motion imparted to the liquid
within the tank by the rotational movement of the rotor and also
the added motion provided by the flow of the liquid outwardly from
the outlets through the rotor horizontally into the liquid level of
the tank afford the requisite flow path of the liquid within the
tank. Owing to this advantageous arrangement and construction of
the various embodiments of rotor as contemplated by the invention
there is no need for a draft tube or a propeller to assist the
rotor in the flow of the liquid within the tank. It should thus be
apparent that there is provided an extremely efficiently operating
aeration plant which also is relatively simple in design and
construction and because of the lesser number of components
required in relation to other prior art systems is not as
susceptible to breakdown and malfunction, nor does it require
extensive maintenance and servicing.
While there is shown and described present preferred embodiments of
the invention, it is to be distinctly understood that the invention
is not limited thereto but may be otherwise variously embodied and
practiced within the scope of the following claims.
Accordingly,
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